簡(jiǎn)析雅思聽(tīng)力觀點(diǎn)題的兩種觀點(diǎn)模式

　　觀點(diǎn)題在我們的課本中的題型總結(jié)中未被提及，但如果細(xì)看，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)觀點(diǎn)題在雅思考試中也屢次出現(xiàn)，學(xué)生如果沒(méi)有掌握解這類題的技巧，也很容易出錯(cuò)。觀點(diǎn)題往往以選擇題或打勾題的形式出現(xiàn)，要求考生對(duì)英文中表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)言模式比較熟悉。總的而言，在不同的場(chǎng)景中，英文表達(dá)支持、中立和反對(duì)的觀點(diǎn)會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩種模式：

　　(1) 直接表述觀點(diǎn)

　　這種形式考生比較容易辨認(rèn)，因?yàn)槿宋锏恼Z(yǔ)言自始至終是保持同一論調(diào)，考生的第一印象判斷和聽(tīng)完后文內(nèi)容的判斷是一致的，所以解題不容易錯(cuò)。我們舉例來(lái)看看這種語(yǔ)言模式。

　　Well, do you think people can tell you their real thoughts just through phone? Without person-to-person contact, it is unlikely for you to dig deep into their minds and unlikely to get truth.

　　考生聽(tīng)到第一句話時(shí)，從語(yǔ)言的反問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣可以判斷發(fā)言者的觀點(diǎn)是不支持的——“你認(rèn)為人們會(huì)通過(guò)電話告訴你真實(shí)的想法嗎?”，第二句其實(shí)是對(duì)第一句話的解釋——“沒(méi)有面對(duì)面的接觸，你不太可能發(fā)掘他們的內(nèi)心想法，不太可能知道真相“，所以觀點(diǎn)是反對(duì)的。

　　因?yàn)榇蟛糠智闆r下，英文是首句中心句，段落其他部分是支持中心句的內(nèi)容，所以聽(tīng)到首句就是主要意思，因此這種模式相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，但是考生也要能聽(tīng)出表示觀點(diǎn)的詞，比如贊成(support, be for …,go for… be on the side of…, quite agree with…)，中立( mutual, just so so, you can try it, not the best)，反對(duì)( not good, be against…, not recommend…, better avoid …)，喜歡(be favor of, like, prefer)，一般態(tài)度(it’s ok, but…)，不喜歡(dislike)，必須( must, it is necessary…)，依情況而定( it depends)，沒(méi)必要( not necessary)，等等。

　　(2) 間接表述觀點(diǎn)

　　有的時(shí)候，發(fā)言者為了充分地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，或者為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)顯得不偏激，會(huì)很委婉地表述觀點(diǎn)。比如：

　　Well, I don’t think you should start with the case study too early unless you have made full preparation or you might find you can’t meet the deadline. However, it really is the best approach you can try to get people’s response though it is somewhat time-consuming. If you think you can spare your study time, just go for it.

　　由于第一句話出現(xiàn)don’t think，所以很多考生會(huì)潛意識(shí)將主體判為否定的觀點(diǎn)。然而，轉(zhuǎn)折詞However出現(xiàn)以后，要特別小心，因?yàn)橐馑忌蠒?huì)有大的轉(zhuǎn)變，這里的it really is the best approach就是很大的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明發(fā)言的人是持支持的態(tài)度的。此外，最后一句話是總結(jié)性的觀點(diǎn)，一句just go for it非常清楚地再次表示其支持觀點(diǎn)。

　　因此，在聽(tīng)觀點(diǎn)題時(shí)不要被第一印象影響，一定要聽(tīng)后面的話是否有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，如果有，那第一印象是不準(zhǔn)的，轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的內(nèi)容才是判斷的依據(jù)。有些情況在最后還會(huì)有總結(jié)性的表示觀點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)言，那么中心意思應(yīng)該在總結(jié)語(yǔ)言里。所以，當(dāng)聽(tīng)到表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞，如however, but, nevertheless和表示總結(jié)的詞，如so，那么真實(shí)的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)在這些詞之后。

　　直接觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)：

　　Another hazard for your back are the shock waves which travel up your spine when you walk, known as heel strike. A real find for our patients has been the shock-absorbing shoe insert. A cheap but very effective solution.——支持

　　Finally, a word about the state-of-the-art relief- the TENS machine-a small battery-powered gadget which delivers subliminal electrical pulses to the skin. Our experience indicates that your money is better spent on the more old-fashioned remedies.——反對(duì)

　　It can be useful to get special orthopaedic chairs, but remember the most important improvement should be in OUR posture.——中立

　　Though absolutely flat shoes can be a solution for some, others find their posture suffers——中立

　　間接觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)：

　　Through observation study, you can just watch and take notes. And you can get some unforeseeable results from people’s behavior, but it can only cover certain aspects. Therefore, you need other research method to assist it. But you can try if you want.——中立

　　Well, I think questionnaires are very good at telling you how people fill in questionnaires, but they tell you very little else. So better avoid it.——反對(duì)

　　Face-to-face interview can help you get people’s facial expressions and body language, through which you can identify what they genuinely have in mind. But it depends sometimes. Not everyone is willing to open his or her mind to you.