2015年6月英語四級高級語法講義4：狀語從句

　　英語四級高級語法：狀語從句

　　1、 主句和從句的主語保持一致，稱為分詞作狀語。

　　2、 若前后主語不一致，則稱作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　1、 分詞作狀語

　　(1)條件：狀語從句，前后主語一致

　　(2)形式：分詞作狀語在句首+分詞作狀語在句后

　　(3)省略方式：關(guān)系詞(可保留)+動(dòng)詞形式變化(-ing/-ed)

　　一、用作時(shí)間狀語

　　1. 典型例句

　　When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.

　　Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見到貓，老鼠就跑了。

　　真題示例：When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷)

　　A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared

　　二、用作原因狀語

　　1. 典型例句

　　As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.

　　Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.

　　(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷)

　　A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face

　　三、用作條件狀語

　　1. 典型例句

　　If you work hard, you will succeed.

　　If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.

　　If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.

　　四、用作讓步狀語

　　1. 典型例句

　　Although living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。

　　五、用作伴隨狀語

　　1. 典型例句

　　He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看報(bào)。

　　He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進(jìn)來，后面跟著他的妻子。

　　My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits.

　　A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought

　　We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _____ that all children like these things.

　　A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought

　　六、用作方式狀語

　　1. 典型例句

　　He came as we expected.

　　He came as he was expected.

　　I'm returning your letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信。

　　七、用作結(jié)果狀語

　　1. 典型例句

　　He fired and killed one of the passers-by.

　　He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個(gè)過路人。

　　He died and left his wife with five children.

　　He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五個(gè)孩子。

　　He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.

　　A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted

　　Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. (06.6舊)

　　_____ by the superstars on television, the young athletes trained hard and played intensely.

　　A) Imitated B) Imposed C) Insured D) Inspired (06.6舊)

　　When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). Alarmed by this state of _____ , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) proceeded a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. (09.完形)

　　A) mess B) boom C) growth D) decay

　　Sticking to the low end of the government estimates, the National Resources Defence Council says there were maybe no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of the ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virutally nothing to ease America's energy problems..

　　在狀語從句中，若前后主從句主語一致，則省略從句的主語，將后面的動(dòng)詞發(fā)生形式上的變化， 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成ing形式，若是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，則變?yōu)閑d 形式。