大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)——不定式

一．不定式：

一）不定式的?？夹问剑?/p>

1)
一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被動(dòng)形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

語(yǔ)法功能：
表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生

2)
完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被動(dòng)形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

語(yǔ)法功能：表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前

二）不定式?？嫉目键c(diǎn)：

1）不定式做定語(yǔ)----將要發(fā)生

2）不定式做狀語(yǔ)----目的

3）不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do　 表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；

+ doing
表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性

　I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

　昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見(jiàn)了"這個(gè)事實(shí))

　I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

　昨天我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見(jiàn)他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作）

v
感官動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役動(dòng)詞
have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動(dòng)以后要還原to

I ‘d like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.

3) help
help sb do
help sb to do
help do
help to do

四)有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect
allow sb to do,
cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do
love to do
warn sb to do
be able to do

be
ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

 

五) 有的時(shí)候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被動(dòng)的意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.