雅思聽(tīng)力對(duì)話：鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的季節(jié)性遷徙

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雅思聽(tīng)力在考試中占據(jù)著重要的地位，時(shí)常用聽(tīng)力材料來(lái)磨耳朵可以不斷鞏固大腦的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力。以下是雅思聽(tīng)力材料，您可以結(jié)合MP3和下方的原文及翻譯進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)。

聽(tīng)力原文及翻譯

Scientists believe that a majority of the Earth's bird population migrate in some fashion or other. Some travel seasonally for relatively short distances, such as birds that move from their winter habitats in lowlands to mountaintops for the summers. Others, like the Arctic tern, travel more than 25,000 miles seasonally between the northern and southern poles. 

科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，地球上大多數(shù)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)都會(huì)以某種方式遷徙。有些鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)會(huì)季節(jié)性遷徙，遷徙距離相對(duì)較短，比如鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)會(huì)從低地的冬季棲息地遷徙到山頂過(guò)夏。其他鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，如北極燕鷗，則會(huì)在北極和南極之間季節(jié)性遷徙超過(guò) 25,000 英里。

Bird migration has been studied over many centuries through a variety of observations, but until relatively recently, where birds went in the winter was considered something of a mystery. The lack of modern science and technology led to many theories that we now recognise as erroneous and even somewhat amusing. Take hibernation theory, for example. 

幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人們通過(guò)各種觀察研究了鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)遷徙，但直到最近，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)在冬天去哪里還被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)謎。由于缺乏現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)，許多理論被提出，我們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為這些理論是錯(cuò)誤的，甚至有些可笑。以冬眠理論為例。

2000 years ago, it was commonly believed that when birds left an area, they went underwater to hibernate in the seas and oceans. Another theory for their regular appearance and disappearance of birds was that they spent winter hidden in mud till the weather changed and food became abundant again. 

2000 年前，人們普遍認(rèn)為，當(dāng)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)離開(kāi)某個(gè)地區(qū)時(shí)，它們會(huì)潛入水下，在海洋中冬眠。另一種關(guān)于鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)和消失的理論是，它們?cè)诙祀[藏在泥漿中，直到天氣轉(zhuǎn)變，食物再次充足。

The theory that some birds hibernate persisted until experiments were done on caged birds in the 1940s, which demonstrated that birds have no hibernation instinct. One of the earliest naturalists and philosophers from ancient Greece was Aristotle, who was the first writer to discuss the disappearance and reappearance of some bird species at certain times of year. 

有些鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)會(huì)冬眠的理論一直持續(xù)到 20 世紀(jì) 40 年代，有人對(duì)籠養(yǎng)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)，結(jié)果證明鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)沒(méi)有冬眠本能。亞里士多德是古希臘最早的博物學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家之一，他是第一位討論某些鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)在一年中的某些時(shí)間消失和重新出現(xiàn)的作家。

He developed the theory of transmutation, the seasonal change of one species into another. By observing redstarts and robins, he observed that in the autumn, small birds called redstarts began to lose their feathers, which convinced Aristotle that they changed into robins for the winter and back into redstarts in the summer. 

他發(fā)展了轉(zhuǎn)變理論，即一個(gè)物種變成另一個(gè)物種的季節(jié)性變化。通過(guò)觀察紅尾鴝和知更鳥(niǎo)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)秋天，被稱(chēng)為紅尾鴝的小鳥(niǎo)開(kāi)始脫落羽毛，這讓亞里士多德相信它們?cè)诙熳兂闪酥B(niǎo)，在夏天又變成了紅尾鴝。

These assumptions are understandable, given that this pair of species are similar in shape, but are a classic example of an incorrect interpretation based on correct observations. The most bizarre theory was put forward by an English amateur scientist, Charles Morton, in the 17th century. 

鑒于這對(duì)物種的形狀相似，這些假設(shè)是可以理解的，但這是基于正確觀察而進(jìn)行錯(cuò)誤解釋的典型例子。最奇怪的理論是由 17 世紀(jì)的英國(guó)業(yè)余科學(xué)家查爾斯·莫頓提出的。

He wrote a surprisingly well-regarded paper claiming that birds migrate to the moon and back every year. He came to this conclusion as the only logical explanation for the total disappearance of some species.

他寫(xiě)了一篇出人意料地受到好評(píng)的論文，聲稱(chēng)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)每年都會(huì)遷徙到月球并返回。他認(rèn)為這個(gè)結(jié)論是某些物種徹底消失的唯一合理解釋。

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