旅行的藝術(shù):回歸 Ⅸ 習(xí)慣-3

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從1799年到1804年，亞歷山大·馮·洪堡嘗試了一次環(huán)繞南美洲的旅行，后來將描寫他的所見的文章命名為《新大陸赤道地區(qū)之旅》。

From 1799 to 1804, Alexander von Humboldt undertook a journey around South America, later entitling the account of what he had seen Journey to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent.

在洪堡開始旅行的9年前，也就是1790年的春天，一個(gè)27歲的法國人，塞維爾·德·梅伊斯特，進(jìn)行了一次環(huán)繞他的臥室的旅行，后來將描寫他的所見的文章命名為《我的臥室之旅》。這次的經(jīng)歷讓他感到非常滿足，在1798年，德·梅伊斯特進(jìn)行了第二次旅行。這一次他徹夜在房間里游蕩，并且冒險(xiǎn)地走到了遠(yuǎn)至窗臺(tái)的位置，后來將他的描述命名為《臥室夜游》。

Nine years earlier, in the spring of 1790, a twenty-seven-year-old Frenchman, Xavier de Maistre, undertook a journey around his bedroom, later entitling the account of what he had seen Journey around My Bedroom. Gratified by his experiences, in 1798, De Maistre undertook a second journey. This time, he travelled by night and ventured out as far as the window-ledge, later entitling his account Nocturnal Expedition around My Bedroom.

《新大陸赤道地區(qū)之旅》，和《我的臥室之旅》分別代表兩種不同的旅行方式。第一種旅行要求有10匹騾子，30件行李，4個(gè)翻譯員，一只經(jīng)緯儀，一個(gè)六分儀，兩架望遠(yuǎn)鏡，一臺(tái)博得經(jīng)緯儀，一只氣壓計(jì)，一只指南針，一只濕度計(jì)，西班牙國王寫的介紹信和一把槍。第二種旅行，則需要一套粉紅色和藍(lán)色相間的睡衣。

Two approaches to travel: Journey to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent, Journey around My Bedroom. The first required ten mules, thirty pieces of luggage, four interpreters, a chronometer, a sextant, two telescopes, a Borda theodolite, a barometer, a compass, a hygrometer, letters of introduction from the King of Spain and a gun. The second, a pair of pink and blue cotton pyjamas.

塞維爾·德·梅伊斯特1763年出生于法國阿爾卑斯山腳下風(fēng)景如畫的小鎮(zhèn)倉伯利。他天性熱情而浪漫，喜歡讀書，尤其是蒙田、帕斯卡爾和盧梭的作品；喜歡繪畫，尤其是畫丹麥和法國國內(nèi)的風(fēng)景。23歲的時(shí)候，德·梅伊斯特開始迷上航空。在那之前3年，艾蒂安·蒙戈?duì)柗瓢Ｒ呀?jīng)因?yàn)橹谱髁艘恢辉诜矤栙悓m上空飛翔8分鐘的熱氣球而為世人所知，熱氣球上的乘客包括一只名叫“Montauciel”（意即“爬上天空”）的綿羊，一只鴨子和一只公雞。德·梅伊斯特和一個(gè)朋友用紙和金屬線制作了一對(duì)翅膀，計(jì)劃飛往美洲。他們沒有成功。兩年以后，德·梅伊斯特登上熱氣球，在墜入一片松樹林之前，在倉伯利的上空飄浮了一會(huì)兒。

Xavier de Maistre was born in 1763 in the picturesque town of Chambéry at the foot of the French Alps. He was of an intense, romantic nature, was fond of reading, especially Montaigne, Pascal and Rousseau, and of paintings, especially Dutch and French domestic scenes. At the age of twenty-three, De Maistre became fascinated by aeronautics. Etienne Montgolfier had, three years before, achieved international renown by constructing a balloon that flew for eight minutes above the royal palace at Versailles, bearing as passengers a sheep called Montauciel (Climb-to-the-sky), a duck and a rooster. De Maistre and a friend fashioned a pair of giant wings out of paper and wire and planned to fly to America. They did not succeed. Two years later De Maistre secured himself a place in a hot air balloon and spent a few moments floating above Chambéry before the machine crashed into a pine forest.

后來，到了1790年，德·梅伊斯特住在杜林一幢公寓樓頂層的一間素樸的房間里，在那里他率先開始了一種使他成名的旅行模式：室內(nèi)旅行。

Then in 1790, while he was living in a modest room at the top of an apartment building in Turin, De Maistre pioneered a mode of travel that was to make his name: room-travel.

在介紹《我的臥室之旅》這本書時(shí)，德·梅伊斯特的哥哥，政治理論家約瑟夫·德·梅伊斯特，強(qiáng)調(diào)塞維爾的目的并不在于諷刺過去那些偉大旅行家——麥哲倫、杜雷克、安森和庫克——英雄般的經(jīng)歷。麥哲倫發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條西行的路線，通往南美洲南端的斯拜斯群島；杜雷克作了環(huán)球航行；安森繪制了精確的菲律賓群島航海圖，而庫克證實(shí)了一個(gè)南方大陸的存在?！八麄兒翢o疑問都很杰出，”約瑟夫?qū)懙馈５艿馨l(fā)現(xiàn)了一種更實(shí)際的旅行之道，讓那些像他們一樣缺乏勇氣或財(cái)力不足的人也能一圓旅行夢(mèng)。

Introducing Journey around My Bedroom , Xavier's brother, the political theorist Joseph de Maistre, emphasized that it was not Xavier's intention to cast aspersions on the heroic deeds of the great travellers of the past: 'Magellan, Drake, Anson and Cook'. Magellan had discovered a western route to the Spice Islands around the southern tip of South America, Drake had circumnavigated the globe, Anson had produced accurate sea charts of the Philippines and Cook had confirmed the existence of a southern continent. 'They were no doubt remarkable men,' wrote Joseph; it was just that his brother had discovered a way of travelling that might be infinitely more practical for those neither as brave nor as wealthy as they.

“在我之前，有數(shù)百萬人不敢去旅行，還有一些人不能去旅行，而更多的人甚至想都沒有想過去旅行?，F(xiàn)在，他們都可以模仿我?！比S爾在準(zhǔn)備他的旅行時(shí)解釋說?！凹词棺顟卸璧娜嗽诔霭l(fā)尋找快樂之前也將不會(huì)有任何借口猶豫不決，因?yàn)檫@樣做既不費(fèi)錢也不費(fèi)力?！彼绕湎蚋F人和那些害怕風(fēng)暴、強(qiáng)盜和險(xiǎn)峻懸崖的人推薦室內(nèi)旅行。

Millions of people who, before me, had never dared to travel, others who had not been able to travel and still more who had not even thought of travelling will now be able to follow my example,' explained Xavier as he prepared for his journey. 'The most indolent beings won't have any more reason to hesitate before setting off to find pleasures that will cost them neither money nor effort.' He particularly recommended roomtravel to the poor and to those afraid of storms, robberies and high cliffs.