世界各國幸福指數(shù)大排名

　　1. 丹麥(Denmark) - 4.24

　　2. 波多黎各(Puerto Rico) - 4.21

　　3. 哥倫比亞(Colombia) - 4.18

　　4. 冰島(Iceland) - 4.15

　　5. 北愛爾蘭(N Ireland) - 4.13

　　6. 愛爾蘭(Ireland)- 4.12

　　7. 瑞士(Switzerland)- 3.96

　　8. 荷蘭(Netherlands)- 3.77

　　9. 加拿大(Canada) - 3.76

　　10. 奧地利(Austria) - 3.68

　　……

　　16. 美國(U.S.A) - 3.55
　　……

　　43. 日本(Japan) - 2.24
　　……

　　48. 臺(tái)灣(Taiwan) - 1.83

　　49. 德國(Germany)- 1.78
　　……

　　54. 中國(China) - 1.64
　　……

　　63. 香港(Hongkong) - 1.16
　　……

　　97. 津巴布韋(Zimbabwe) - 1.92

　　People in most countries around the world are happier these days, according to newly released data from the World Values Survey based at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research.
　　密歇根大學(xué)社會(huì)研究所世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的最新數(shù)據(jù)表明，世界上大多數(shù)國家的人近來都感覺比從前更幸福。

　　Data from representative national surveys conducted from 1981 to 2007 show the happiness index rose in an overwhelming majority of nations studied.
　　自1981年至2007年，在國家范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行的各種有代表性的相關(guān)調(diào)查也顯示出絕大多數(shù)目標(biāo)調(diào)查國的國民幸福指數(shù)都有所提高。

　　"It's a surprising finding," said U-M political scientist Ronald Inglehart, who directs the World Values Surveys and is the lead author of an article on the topic to be published in the July 2008 issue of the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science. "It's widely believed that it's almost impossible to raise an entire country's happiness level."
　　“這是個(gè)令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們普遍認(rèn)為要提高一個(gè)國家的國民幸福水平幾乎是不可能的。”世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的主持者、密歇根大學(xué)政治學(xué)家羅納德·英格哈特說——他還是在《心理學(xué)探新》雜志上的一篇相關(guān)文章的第一作者。

　　The 2007 wave of the surveys also provides a ranking of 97 nations containing 90 percent of the world's population. The results indicate that Denmark is the happpiest nation in the world.
　　2007年的社會(huì)調(diào)查浪潮還提供了一份包含97個(gè)國家的國民幸福水平排名，這些國家的人口占世界人口的90%。排名結(jié)果顯示，丹麥?zhǔn)鞘澜缟献钚腋５膰摇?/p>

　　During the past 26 years, the World Values Surveys have asked more than 350,000 people how happy they are, using the same two questions.
　　在過去的26年里，世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查項(xiàng)目用下面這兩個(gè)問題來調(diào)查人們的幸福程度（他們一共詢問過35萬多人）：

　　"Taking all things together, would you say you are very happy, rather happy, not very happy, not at all happy?" And, "All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days?"
　　“總體來說，你認(rèn)為你的生活很幸福、幸福、不怎么幸福，還是一點(diǎn)兒也不幸福？”以及“總體來說，你對你近期的生活是否滿意？”

　　Combining responses to these two questions, Inglehart and colleagues constructed an index of subjective well-being that reflects both happiness and general life satisfaction.
　　英格哈特和他的同事們將人們對這兩個(gè)問題的回答綜合起來，建立起一套能夠反映幸福程度和對整體生活滿意度的主觀幸福指數(shù)。

　　In the 52 countries for which a substantial time series is available (covering 17 years on average), this index rose in 40 countries and fell in only 12. The average percentage of people who said they were "very happy" increased by almost seven points.
　　在52個(gè)國家進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性調(diào)查（平均為17年）中，這個(gè)指數(shù)在40個(gè)國家中有所增長，只在12個(gè)國家中顯示出下降。認(rèn)為自己“很幸福”的人平均增加了近7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

　　"Most earlier research has suggested that happiness levels are stable," Inglehart said. "Important events like winning the lottery or learning you have cancer can lead to short-term changes, but in the long run most previous research suggests that people and nations are stuck on a 'hedonic treadmill.' The belief has been that no matter what happens or what we do, basic happiness levels are stable and don't really change."
　　“以前的大多數(shù)調(diào)查都表明人們的幸福水平是比較穩(wěn)定的，”英格哈特說，“中彩票或是得知自己身患癌癥這樣的重大事件可能會(huì)給人的幸福感帶來短時(shí)間的改變，但之前的大多數(shù)相關(guān)調(diào)查都表明，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，無論個(gè)人還是民族都會(huì)陷在“快樂水車”的現(xiàn)象中。人們一直認(rèn)為，無論我們遇到什么事情，基本的幸福水平是相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的，并不會(huì)發(fā)生真正的改變。”

　　The new findings from the World Values Surveys not only show that during the past 25 years, happiness has in fact risen substantially in most countries. Fully as important as the fact that happiness rose is the reason why. In recent decades, some countries with a large population, such as India and China, have experienced unprecedented rates of economic growth, and there has been a sharp rise of gender equality and social harmony.
　　世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查項(xiàng)目的新發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅表明在過去的25年中，大多數(shù)國家的人實(shí)際上都比從前幸福了許多；與幸福水平提高這一現(xiàn)象同樣重要的是：為什么會(huì)這樣？在近幾十年中，一些像印度和中國這樣人口眾多的國家經(jīng)歷了前所未有的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，同樣兩性平等問題也有較大改觀，社會(huì)呈現(xiàn)和諧的局面。

　　Economic growth and rising social harmony have all contributed to rising happiness, with the later having even more impact than economic growth. All of these changes have contributed to providing people with a wider range of choice in how to live their lives--which is a key factor in happiness.
　　經(jīng)濟(jì)增長及社會(huì)和諧度提高都會(huì)提高國民幸福水平，而后者的影響更甚于前者。所有這些變化都為人們提供了更為廣泛的選擇，讓他們能夠過上自己想要的生活——這對幸福至關(guān)重要。

　　"The results clearly show that the happiest societies are those that allow people the freedom to choose how to live their lives," Inglehart said.
　　“調(diào)查結(jié)果明確顯示，人們在那些能夠自由選擇生活方式的社會(huì)中感到最愉悅。”英格哈特說。

　　As an example, Inglehart points to the tolerant social norms systems in Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Canada all of which rank among the 10 happiest countries in the world.
　　英格哈特列舉了丹麥、冰島、瑞士、荷蘭和加拿大等國寬容的社會(huì)規(guī)范作為例子，這些國家都位列最幸福國家的前十名。

　　"The events of the past 25 years have brought a growing sense of freedom that seems to be even more important than economic development in contributing to rising happiness," Inglehart said. "Moreover, the most effective way to maximize happiness seems to change with rising levels of economic development. In subsistence-level societies, happiness is closely linked with in-group solidarity and national pride. At higher levels of economic security, free choice has the largest impact on happiness."
　　“過去25年中發(fā)生的一切讓人們對自由愈發(fā)重視，在幸福水平的提高過程中，自由似乎發(fā)揮了比經(jīng)濟(jì)增長更重要的作用。”英格哈特說，“此外，最大程度地提高國民幸福水平的最有效途徑似乎也在隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而改變。在僅能維持生存基準(zhǔn)的社會(huì)中，幸福水平與群體團(tuán)結(jié)和國家榮譽(yù)緊密相關(guān)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)安全程度較高的社會(huì)中，自由選擇的權(quán)利對人們快樂與否影響最大。”

　　Comparing World Values Survey data from 1981 to 2007 with earlier data from 1946 from the World Database of Happiness, Inglehart and colleagues found that 19 of 24 countries show rising happiness and several counties--India, Ireland, Mexico, Pueto Rico and South Korea--show steeply rising trends.
　　英格哈特和他的同事們將1981年至2007年世界價(jià)值觀調(diào)查項(xiàng)目取得的數(shù)據(jù)與世界幸福水平數(shù)據(jù)庫中1946年以來的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)被比較的24個(gè)國家中有19個(gè)顯示出幸福水平提高，有幾個(gè)國家——印度、愛爾蘭、墨西哥、波多黎各和韓國——呈現(xiàn)出幸福水平顯著提高的趨勢。