英語作文的輸出需要大量的積累、不斷的練習,一些英語寫作方法還是應該多加注意。以下是小編整理的關于英語寫作方法·英語直接引語和間接引語用法的資料,希望對你有所幫助!
一、概述
引用或轉述別人說的話時有兩種方法:直接引述別人的原話,這叫做直接引語(direct speech)。用自己的話轉述別人的話,叫間接引語(indirect speech)。一般地講,直接引語前后要加引號,間接引語不用引號,而用賓語從句來表達。
Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生說:“我很忙”。(直接引語)
Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生說他很忙。(賓語從句是間接引語)
從上例看來,直接引語改為間接引語時,除將直接引語改為賓語從句之外,還須對直接引語中的人稱和時態(tài)進行相應的變化,如上例直接引語中的I改成了he, am則改成了was。現(xiàn)將由直接引語改為間接引語時應注意的問題,分述如下:
二、直接引語是陳述句時
直接引語如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,用連詞that引導(that在口語中常省去),that從句之前用say、tell等動詞,從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。
1、人稱的變化
直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應的變化,把直接引語中的第一人稱(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中的第二人稱(you,your,yours)變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語(即聽話人,如無聽話人,可根據(jù)上下文的體會人為確定一個人稱)相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)變?yōu)殚g接引語時,人稱不變。
He said , “I like it very much.” 他說:“我非常喜歡它”。
→He said that he liked it very much. 他說他非常喜歡它。(I改為he, it不變)
He said, “You told me this story.”他說:“你給我講過這個故事。”
→He said that I had told him that story.他說我給他講過那個故事。(You改為I, me改為him, told改為had told)
He said to me, “She's left her book in your room”.他對我說:“她把書放在你的房間里去了。”
He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他對我說她把書放在我的房間里去了。(She's→she had, her不變,your→my)
2、 時態(tài)的變化
(1)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時
直接引語 | 間接引語 |
一般現(xiàn)在時 | 一般過去時 |
現(xiàn)在進行時 | 過去進行時 |
現(xiàn)在完成時 | 過去完成時 |
一般過去時 | 過去完成時 |
過去完成時 | 過去完成時(不變) |
一般將來時 | 過去將來時 |
一般將來進行時 | 過去將來進行時 |
一般將來完成時 | 過去將來完成時 |
如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,直接引語變間接引語時,從句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時,動詞時態(tài)相應變化表:
He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他說:“我常在星期天看電視”。
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他說他常在星期天看電視。
He said, “I'm using the knife.”他說:“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that he was using the knife.他說他正在用小刀。
She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她說:“自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信。”
→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。
He said,“I came to help you.”他說:“我來幫助你。”
→He said that he had come to help me.他說他來幫助我。
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他說:“晚飯前我己做完了作業(yè)。”
→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他說晚飯前他己做完了作業(yè)。
Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”周蘭說:“下課后我就去做。”
→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周蘭說下課后她就去做。
He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他說:“那時我將正在做作業(yè)。”
→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他說那時他將正在做作業(yè)。
He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他說:“我們將在那時以前完成工作。”
→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他說他們將在那時以前完成工作。
注意:直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個具體的過去時間連用說明客觀事實時,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變。
The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老師說:“地球是圓的。”
→The teacher said that the earth is round.老師說地球是圓的。
He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.” 他說: “我1965年生于山東。”
→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他說他1965年生于山東。
He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他說:“哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。”
→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他說哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。
(2)主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或將來時
如果主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或將來時,直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)一律不變
He says, “I finished the work.”他說:“我做完工作了。”
He says that he finished the work. 他說他做完工作了。
He will say, “I have watered the flowers.” 他會說:“我己經澆花了。”
He will say he has watered the flowers. 他會說他己經澆花了。