英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作心得與建議

英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作心得與建議

基本上, 英文寫(xiě)作和中文作文都是一樣, 只是用不同的語(yǔ)言表達(dá). 其中主要的不同在于: 文化及思維上的差異. 這些差異要克服需要花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間, 沒(méi)有速成的方式, 只有不斷的學(xué)習(xí)與吸收.

英文寫(xiě)作 (written English, 或所謂 writing) 比口語(yǔ)(spoken English) 較注重文法及正式的用法. 所以, 基本文法要扎實(shí), 寫(xiě)作時(shí)自然游刃有余.

以下是一些寫(xiě)作的建議, 分享給大家.

1. 寫(xiě)作時(shí), 每個(gè)段落首句要空 5 spaces. 句與句間要 2 spaces.

2. 簡(jiǎn)單句其實(shí)就是最好的寫(xiě)法. 不要有太多的贅語(yǔ).

3. 寫(xiě)作的對(duì)象, 目的及形式:

Audience: Who are you writing to?

Purpose: Why are you writing?

Form: What will the finished piece of writing look like?

若為書(shū)信, 對(duì)象則可寫(xiě): “Dear Sir/Madam,” 或?qū)ο蟛幻鞔_時(shí), “To whom it mayconcern”

4. 內(nèi)容架構(gòu): 整篇文章, 段落的安排. 如果你是要說(shuō)故事, 則內(nèi)容依時(shí)間順序排列; 若是闡述事件或人, 則可采空間/地點(diǎn)的方式. 下列有幾種方式可采用:

• Chronological (by time)

• Spatial description (by location)

• Classification (by category)

• Illustration (by example)

• Argumentation (assertion and support)

• Cause/Effect

• Problem/Solution

• Comparison/Contrast (whole vs. whole or point by point)

5. 正式和非正式用法:

數(shù)字的寫(xiě)法: 可以用既有的英文字代表的數(shù)字. 例: 1 = one; 100 = one hundred; 1,000,000 = one million

數(shù)字寫(xiě)法較長(zhǎng)者, 以數(shù)字表示. 如: two hundred and one = 201; forty-seven point five= 47.5

日期寫(xiě)法: 正確寫(xiě)法 July 19, 2001 或 20 May 2001

不要使用縮寫(xiě)或簡(jiǎn)稱 abbr: 以 cannot, will not, should not 取代 can’t, won’t,shouldn’t. 以 United States, February, television, California 取代 U.S., Feb., TV,CA……

*** 除非有此縮寫(xiě)必要, ex. 給朋友/家人間一般書(shū)信.

其他可參考 https://www.learningpoint.org/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_id=_9_1 (美國(guó)加州某學(xué)區(qū)的 writing 學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站, 請(qǐng)進(jìn)入: Teaching & Learning 單元)

6. 盡量使用主動(dòng)的句型取代被動(dòng)式 (very important): ex. “I was taught by myparents to have a good manner.” 最好用 “My parents taught me to have a goodmanner.”

7. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用:

兩個(gè)獨(dú)立子句且以 “and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet” 連接時(shí): ex. I am going toschool, and he is going to work.

或無(wú)連接詞/ 無(wú) “and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet” 時(shí), 可以分號(hào)連接: ex. He oftenwatched TV when there were only reruns; she preferred to read instead.

另一用法 however, ex. He often watched TV when there were only reruns; however, she preferred toread instead.