現(xiàn)代英文選評(píng)：Her Graduation Day 畢業(yè)的那一天

Her Graduation Day 畢業(yè)的那一天

Nancy G. Chaikin

本文作者南珊·蔡金，1945年畢業(yè)于密西根大學(xué)。她的作品不多，但是她的短篇小說(shuō)曾兩度選入《美國(guó)短篇小說(shuō)佳作選》。

本文原題“Bachelor of Arts”，刊載于The Best American Short Stories 1955，長(zhǎng)達(dá)六七千字，這里所選的只是短短的幾段。蔡金女士的作風(fēng)，大抵屬于“婉約”一派。本文描寫一個(gè)大學(xué)女生畢業(yè)那一天的種種心理變化，細(xì)膩熨貼，絲絲入扣。這一派作家可以說(shuō)都是私淑Henry James的。

In the morning, with the sun slanting across the floor of her room, she put on her cap and gown and stood before the mirror looking at herself, pleased with how right they looked on her. She could never remember which way the tassel went, but she'd see when she got down to the procession. Now she would only have to come back to this room to collect her bags—they were all packed—and they stood alone in the middle of the floor of the half empty room.

● slanting：斜（照），斜（射）。此字為動(dòng)詞的分詞形式。cap and gown：學(xué)士帽與學(xué)士服。美國(guó)大學(xué)生通常只在舉行畢業(yè)典禮那天，才戴方帽子，穿學(xué)士袍。how right they looked on her：這種衣帽給她穿戴了（on her），看來(lái)是多么的合適。名詞性從句，是with的賓語(yǔ)。（她看了心里很高興。）

● the tassel：流蘇。學(xué)士帽頂上的那束絲穗，該披（went）在左邊，還是右邊呢？別人也許指教過(guò)她，但是她是永遠(yuǎn)記不得的。she'd see=she would see。the procession：行列，由校長(zhǎng)、教授所率領(lǐng)的畢業(yè)生行列。他們排隊(duì)進(jìn)入大禮堂，是畢業(yè)儀式的一部分。流蘇管它偏左還是偏右，她走到隊(duì)伍里，看見別人的樣式，自己也就知道了。

● she would only have to：所要做的只有這么一件事。（have to：必須）。to collect her bags：檢取行李。collect有“一件一件檢起來(lái)，歸聚在一處”之意。bags：凡是皮包衣箱等，都可稱為bags。packed：裝好，理好。

She thought of calling the Union, where her parents had presumably spent the night after arriving very late, but decided, instead, to go directly over there and meet them for breakfast.

● calling：打電話。the Union即下文的the Union Building。美國(guó)大學(xué)校園里很多有這樣一座座大樓，大樓里有餐廳，有各種社交娛樂(lè)設(shè)備，也有旅館房間。來(lái)參觀畢業(yè)典禮的學(xué)生家長(zhǎng)和校友大多借住在里面。（Union是Students' Union的簡(jiǎn)稱。）

● presumably：可以這么假定。arriving very late：晚上到得太晚，來(lái)不及和女兒見面，直接到“招待所”去投宿了。instead：不打電話了。

She knew they would expect her to be excited and pleased and loving, that they would not understand. She was their only child—the next best thing to a son; if she could not be a professional she could at least be a Bachelor of Arts. They were unbearably proud of her, and she was embarrassed by their open, unashamed pride, their overstated affection, their naive conviction that in giving her a college education they had attained the peak of parental obligation. Instead, she thought sadly, they had driven her further and further from them—with their strange emotional way of life, their pathetic ignorance of everything she had come to love.

● 這一段描寫父母與女兒間心理上的距離。父母看見女兒大學(xué)畢業(yè)，一定非常高興；可是女兒自己前途茫茫，心事重重。（一方面舍不得離開學(xué)校，一方面回到家里又怎么樣？）實(shí)在提不起興致，可是又不得不陪著父母高興。父母和女兒之間竟然還有這種隔膜嗎？這種隔膜的確是存在的，這就是“現(xiàn)實(shí)”，小說(shuō)家假如要描寫現(xiàn)實(shí)，一定不會(huì)忽略這種現(xiàn)象的。

● excited：興奮。loving：（看見父母）表示親熱。她知道在她父母意料之中，她一定是這樣高興的；她知道父母是不會(huì)了解的。（understand這里作不及物動(dòng)詞用。）

● 按用法習(xí)慣，假如有一個(gè)以上的名詞性從句作為賓語(yǔ)之用，第一個(gè)從句的連接詞that可以省掉，但是第二個(gè)第三個(gè)名詞性從句一定要用連接詞that。在這里，She knew后面有兩個(gè)名詞性從句，第一個(gè)名詞性從句they would expect…前面沒(méi)有that，但是第二個(gè)名詞性從句they would not understand前面就有that。第一個(gè)從句沒(méi)有that，讀者不難判知它的語(yǔ)法地位；假如第二個(gè)從句沒(méi)有that，讀者怎么知道它是knew的賓語(yǔ)呢？

● the next best thing to a son：她是獨(dú)生女兒；在她父母心目之中，女兒雖然比不上兒子，但是比兒子也僅差一級(jí)。兒子算是the best thing，女兒就算是the next best thing了。to a son的to是連next的。

● a professional：專門職業(yè)人才。美國(guó)的父母大多希望兒子成為一專門職業(yè)人才（enter a profession），如醫(yī)生、律師、教授、牧師等。

● 女兒雖然成不了專門職業(yè)人才，她至少也可以成為一個(gè)文學(xué)士（B. A.），父母也可以聊以自慰了。

● unbearably：父母引女兒以自豪，但是女兒忍受不了。open, unashamed pride：父母講起女兒來(lái)，其驕傲自得之狀，溢于辭表（open），不知害羞為何物。overstated affection：父母愛子女，本出天性，但是愛（affection）不必放在嘴上講，這兩位父母把愛說(shuō)得有點(diǎn)肉麻了。naive conviction：天真的想法（信念）。他們以為把女兒栽培到大學(xué)畢業(yè)，他們已經(jīng)盡了最大的責(zé)任——達(dá)到盡父母之責(zé)（parental obligation）的最高峰。他們這種態(tài)度是使她很窘迫難受（embarrassed）的。

● she thought sadly是插入的說(shuō)明（parenthetic），在本句語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有地位。Instead：此字在本段中第二次出現(xiàn)。這里的意思大約是：她的父母“非但沒(méi)有”盡父母的責(zé)任，反而使她疏遠(yuǎn)起來(lái)了。他們把她“趕得愈來(lái)愈遠(yuǎn)”。

● 父母的驕傲得意，他們的過(guò)分親愛，這就是他們的以情感為主的“奇怪的生活方式”。

● pathetic：可憐的。everything she had come to love：文學(xué)、思想、美術(shù)等，她本來(lái)也不一定能欣賞，進(jìn)了大學(xué)以后，她就喜歡這些東西了。（had come to表示今昔之間的變遷。）可是這些東西，她父母可憐地仍是一無(wú)所知。with their strange…是形容詞短語(yǔ)，形容前面的them。

She walked slowly over to the Union Building, feeling the unfamiliar folds of the black robe about her legs, the pressure of the four-cornered hat upon her brow. And they were there in the lobby of the tall white building, huddled close to one another on a leather sofa, watching anxiously for her through the crowds of noisy alumni and polished, expectant looking fathers and mothers, and eager black-gowned graduates.

● unfamiliar：不習(xí)慣的。學(xué)士服下半截有好多道“褶子”，包在腿部周圍（about her legs），走起路來(lái)，覺得很不習(xí)慣。four-cornered hat：方帽子。

● lobby：前廳。huddled是過(guò)去分詞，形容主語(yǔ)they：父母二人正緊緊（close）地依偎著，坐在皮沙發(fā)上，在人群之中，焦急地張望著他們的女兒。

● alumni是alumnus（校友）的復(fù)數(shù)形式。返校參觀畢業(yè)典禮的校友，聲音很吵鬧。polished, expectant looking fathers and mothers：家長(zhǎng)們服裝很整潔，神態(tài)上若有所待。eager black-gowned graduates：畢業(yè)生穿著黑袍，亟盼參加典禮。

When they saw her, they smiled broadly, looking slowly down her, from the stiff top of her cap with its ridiculous displaced tassel, to her shoes, just showing from beneath the gown. Then they were kissing her and saying the things she had known they would say.

● smiled broadly：雖然是微笑，可是笑得很明顯，“笑容可掬”。英文也有a broad smile這樣的成語(yǔ)。looking slowly down her：慢慢地把她從頭到腳地看。（這里是從頭上的帽子看到腳下的鞋子。）注意：looking down her和looking down upon her（瞧不起）不同。stiff：僵硬的。ridiculous：可笑的。displaced tassel：放錯(cuò)了地方的絲穗。showing：學(xué)士服長(zhǎng)可掩足，鞋子只露出一點(diǎn)來(lái)。beneath the gown是個(gè)“介詞短語(yǔ)”，但是這個(gè)短語(yǔ)又是介詞from的賓語(yǔ)（從學(xué)士服下面顯露出來(lái)）。這種用法很普通，如The cat came out from under the table。

● they were kissing her：動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行式，使動(dòng)作顯得特別生動(dòng)?！八麄儸F(xiàn)在吻起她來(lái)了。”

● the things she had known they would say：她早知道他們會(huì)說(shuō)出來(lái)的那些話。

● 本文的句子大多拖得很長(zhǎng)，該斷的地方不斷，再加上許多字去補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前面的話。如本段第一句：they smiled broadly照語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，句子斷于broadly亦無(wú)不可，但作者在后面加上looking…這么一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)；到to her shoes，句子也可停住了，但作者另加just showing…這么另外一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)。這種句法，修辭學(xué)上稱為loose sentence。善用loose sentence者，修飾描寫，不厭其詳，必定使句子內(nèi)容更為豐富，而且句子尾巴拖得很長(zhǎng)，欲盡不盡，回味無(wú)窮。loose sentence讀起來(lái)有種懶洋洋的感覺，好處是寬舒平易，和“戛然而止”斬釘截鐵式的periodic sentence不同。本文這位小姐百無(wú)聊賴，面臨喜事而興趣索然，多用loose sentence，和全篇小說(shuō)的情調(diào)也是很調(diào)和的。

They had their breakfast in the big oak-paneled dining room of the Union, but no one was very hungry. Her parents simply kept shaking their heads and looking curiously, proudly, about the big room. And for Anne, she did not know what there was for her to say to her parents—but they did a good deal of talking themselves.

● oak-paneled：不是普通泥灰墻，墻上精鑲橡木板——很講究的房間，才有這種裝飾。

● no one was very hungry：真不餓乎？抑因精神興奮而無(wú)暇進(jìn)食乎？或因心事重重而食不下咽乎？

● kept shaking their heads：不斷地?fù)u頭（嘆為觀止的神情）。the big room：大學(xué)招待所竟有如此富麗堂皇的餐廳，而女兒就在這所大學(xué)畢業(yè)，父母看來(lái)，既覺得新奇，又覺得得意。what there was：“有”什么話可說(shuō)的。did a good deal of talking：女兒雖不開口，他們自己卻說(shuō)了很多話。（themselves用以加強(qiáng)主語(yǔ)they。）

You know, Anne, what a great day this is for us—our own daughter graduating. We want you to know how proud it is for us. Her father laid his cool, old hand over her perspiring one, then passed it swiftly, lightly over her cheek.

Yes, Pa, I know, I know.

● how proud it is for us：proud在這里解作“值得驕傲的”。

● her perspiring one：她的出汗的手。passed it中的it代替his hand。pass the hand over有“撫摸”之意。

● 第二個(gè)I know的I重讀。語(yǔ)氣中有不耐煩的神氣。

She left them there, indicating the building to which they were to go and arranging to meet them again at the Union for lunch. So she stood in line with the others, under the blazing sun, her head throbbing beneath the cap—and watched their figures moving toward the doorway of Blane Auditorium. Then the procession started and she felt nothing except the burning of the sun through her gown, the hot pavement through the soles of her thin summer shoes.

● indicating：用手指點(diǎn)。the building：大禮堂。arranging：約定。

● stood in line：排隊(duì)。blazing sun：火熱的太陽(yáng)。throbbing：（胸口，太陽(yáng)穴等處）反常的、劇烈的跳動(dòng)。

● their figures：父母的身影。Blane Auditorium：這座大禮堂大約是紀(jì)念一個(gè)叫做Blane的人的。

● procession：畢業(yè)生列隊(duì)進(jìn)入大禮堂了。pavement：不一定是馬路邊上的人行道，這里只是指鋪過(guò)（水泥、柏油或石板等）的路。soles：鞋底。隊(duì)伍行進(jìn)時(shí)，除了身上腳下熱以外，別的什么都感覺不到。

She was grateful that, in the huge auditorium, with the visitors all sitting behind the graduates, she could not see the faces of her parents or hear their murmured wonder and pride when the honors were announced.

● grateful：來(lái)賓都坐在畢業(yè)生的后面，她因此看不見父母的臉，聽不到他們低聲贊嘆（wonder）和得意的話，心里好受得多。她對(duì)于這樣的安排，心里是感激的。

● when the honors were announced：發(fā)表優(yōu)秀學(xué)生名單時(shí)。她自己也在優(yōu)秀之列，可是她自己并不覺得得意，她也不愿意看見父母得意的樣子。honors：優(yōu)異的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)。此字此義永遠(yuǎn)是用復(fù)數(shù)形式的。

Then, at last, they were singing the Alma Mater—and she sobbed as if she were a slobbering old alumnus at a reunion dinner who had too much to drink.

● they：泛指全體師生來(lái)賓。the Alma Mater：拉丁文原義是“鞠我育我的母親”，轉(zhuǎn)作“母?！?。這里是“校歌”。

● sobbed：啜泣。slobbering：唾液直流或語(yǔ)無(wú)倫次的。reunion：校友返校重聚。drink：專指“喝酒”而言。老校友重聚時(shí)，飲酒過(guò)多，感懷今昔，鮮有不愴然涕下者，現(xiàn)在這位小姐忽然也像這種人一樣，嗚咽地哭起來(lái)了。