1.地點與方向
地點類題目是聽力考試中最容易得分的題目類型之一,和身份、地位類題目的做法一樣,地點類題目的入手點依然是關鍵詞。
例1:
W:I need book of stamps(郵票)I’d also like to send this package first class.
M:Here are you stamps,but you have to take the package to the next window.
Question:Where does this conversation most probably take place?
A.In the restaurant
B.At the railway station
C.In the post office
D.At the airport
例題中關鍵詞是stamp(郵票),所以可以判斷在郵局。這樣看來,不論出題還是做題,關鍵詞都很重要,所以近年來關鍵詞的難度有所增加。對付課本中沒有出現(xiàn)過的詞,最好的方法就是平時的積累和注意這些詞匯應用的場合,收集相關的場景詞,例如“學校”:register(注冊)、dorm(宿舍)、department(系)、campus(校園)、playground(操場)、dining-room(餐廳)、clinic(校醫(yī)院)、swimming-pool(游泳池)等等,你還應該了解一些課程名稱。
現(xiàn)在的聽力考試還流行考方向類的題目,做這類題目的有個訣竅,就是邊聽邊在稿紙上畫些草圖,幫助理解,最最重要的還是細心。
2.職業(yè)與身份
首先,應該看選項,如果看到如teacher and student(老師和學生),father and son(父親和兒子),即可以判斷是身份地位類題目。下一步就是要聽關鍵詞,抓住幾個有代表性的,不必將句子全部聽完,即可答題了。
例1:
W:You were absent from class yesterday,Tom.
M:I couldn’t come,Mrs.Hart.I hurt my foot and my mother took me to the doctor’s.
Question:What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A.Doctor and patient
B.Mother and son
C.Teacher and student
D.Classmates
這道題的關鍵詞是class,所以不會是A選項,前者又稱后者是Mrs.Hart,所以也不會是B和D選項,故選C。此外,在做題的同時還要聽出說話者的語氣、語調,從而準確判斷出兩者的關系。如兩個學生之間的談話內容無外乎是和他們相關的學生生活、學習內容、學習情況等等。我們可以根據(jù)談話雙方的談話內容的關鍵詞進行答題?,F(xiàn)在比較??嫉膱鼍霸~一般是醫(yī)院、餐廳等,平時應注意這類詞匯的積累。
3. 否定關系
做否定關系這類的題目,只需要聽出否定詞就可以判斷句子是肯是否。
英語中的否定意義并非都是通過我們熟知的no,not,never等進行表達,很多情況下都是通過許多詞、短語、句型等手段以肯定的形式表達出來,具體有以下幾種形式:(1)含有否定意義的副詞和形容詞,如:no(不),not(不),never(從來不),hardly(幾乎不),rarely(很少),few(沒幾個),seldom(很少),scarcely(極少);(2)含有否定意義的詞綴,如:un-unhappy(不高興),im-impossible(不可能),in-inactive(不活動的),ir-irregular(不規(guī)則的),dis-disagree(不同意),non-nonfat(脫脂的),-less-careless(不細心的);(3)含有否定意義的動詞、動詞詞組、介詞、介詞詞組,如:fair(不成功),miss(未打中),avoid(避免),deny(否認),doubt(懷疑),anything but(除了),instead of(而不是),in no case(決不),under no circumstance(無論如何都不),run out of(缺乏);(4)另外還有一些結構也是含有否定意義的,如:too…to(太…以至于不能…),last+名詞+動詞不定式或者從句(決不會);(5)雙重否定,即一句中出現(xiàn)兩次否定形式,這也是最愛考的。
例1:
W:It’s much better to wait until tomorrow to go.Don’t you agree?
M:Yes.I couldn’t agree more.
Question:What did the woman mean?
A.She doesn’t agree with the man
B.She think that it is better to wait
C. She think that it is better to drive at night
D.She doesn’t think that the man made a wise decision
從表面上看,I couldn’t agree more這句話是否定句,可是翻譯成漢語卻是“我同意地不能再同意了”,其實也就是“我非常同意”的意思,這里的秘密就在于more;如果將其改為I couldn’t agree more,則翻譯為“我堅決不同意”。
4. 轉折與讓步
表示轉折與讓步的詞有instead,but,though,although,even though,if,despite,even so,in spite of,contrary to,但使用頻率最高的還是but和although。由疑問詞+ever也可以引導讓步狀語,漢語翻譯成不論、不管的意思。
5. 比較與選擇
比較與選擇這類題目,也是出題的一個熱點。
例1:
W:Who’s the best swimmer in your class?
M:Tom swims very well,and John’s surely excellent in swimming.
Question:Who swims best in the class?
A.John
B.Tom
C.Nobody
D.The whole class
因為excellent=best,所以此題答案是A。表示最高級除了用副詞和形容詞的最高級形式之外,還可以用excellent和perfect,因為這兩個詞本身就含有最高級的意思。另外,“比較級+than+any other”或“nothing(nobody,no one)+謂語+比較級+than”也有最高級和含義。
例2:
W:Sally has many hobbies,doesn’t she?
M:Actuall,Sally likes nothing better than to talk on the telephone with her friends.
Question:What does Sally like to do most?
A.Sally likes best to make phone calls
B.Sally likes best to talk with her friends most
C.Sally likes best to visit her friends most
D.Sally likes best to travel with her friends
此題中,woman所說的話在形式上是比較級結構,但在內容上卻包含了“Sally likes best to make phone calls”這種含義,所以A的答案就不言而喻了。
其他類似的說法還有(1)the last=the least likely,這種句型實際上是一種最高級的特殊形式,往往暗含否定之意;(2)not so much A as B=less A than B=more B than A=not A,but rather,這種句型的結構意義為“寧愿為A,而不愿為B”或“與其為A,毋寧為B”;(3)perfer句型,漢語意思是更愿選擇A,而不愿為B。例如:prefer A to B,prefer A rather than B, would like A rather than B, would rather A than B(其中A和B都是動詞原形);(4)表示比較的除了比較級之外,像dark red(深紅色),light green(淺綠色)都暗含了比較的意思。
6. 推理與內涵
對語調很有感覺,對做推理性題目很有益處。
例1:
W:Can you explain these difficult words for me?
M:-Me?
Question:What does the man mean?
A.He will explain them
B.He doesn’t know them,either
C.He doesn’t want to answer
D.He knows them very well
此題暗含的意思是“還給你解釋呢,我自己也是一竅不通”,所以選B。
例2:
W:Are you going with me to the concert?
M:I love my hands full with this report?
Question:What does the man mean?
A.He is too busy to go along
B.He must hand in a full report on the concert
C.He has to wash his hands first
D.He has already heard the concert
這是另一種類型的推理題,所問和所達看起來沒有必然的聯(lián)系,其實不然,想象一下這樣一個場景——你正為研究報告忙得不可開交,有人找你去聽音樂會。這時,你會怎么想?所以答案是A。
不論那種推理題,中心是根據(jù)對話中提示的內容進行有效聯(lián)想,并從選項中積極尋找線索,排除干擾,解開廬山真面目。這還不是難的,難的是聽力考試中往往會出現(xiàn)美國的禮語和俗語,那這就沒有訣竅可以幫忙了。