腎結(jié)石在男性中比女性更常見

Anyone who has ever had kidney stones never forgets the experience. Kidney stones are hard, solid masses that usually originate in the kidneys, although they can be found anywhere along the urinary tract (via Healthline). The most common type of kidney stone is a calcium stone, which is created when there is too much calcium oxalate in the body. Other types of kidney stones include uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones.

任何曾經(jīng)患過腎結(jié)石的人都不會忘記這一經(jīng)歷。腎結(jié)石通常起源于腎臟的堅(jiān)硬、堅(jiān)實(shí)的腫塊，盡管它們可以在泌尿道的任何地方發(fā)現(xiàn)。最常見的腎結(jié)石類型是鈣結(jié)石，這是由于體內(nèi)草酸鈣過多造成的。其他類型的腎結(jié)石包括尿酸結(jié)石、鳥糞石結(jié)石和胱氨酸結(jié)石。

Kidney stones are more common in men than women. The exact cause of this is unknown, although experts have some theories about why 11% of men will experience this condition at least once in their life while only 6% of women will be afflicted (via Orlando Health). Diet can play a role in someone's risk of developing a stone and men are more likely to have a lot of protein and salt in their diets. Both of these are risk factors for kidney stones. Dehydration can also put someone at risk of getting kidney stones and men are more likely to not get enough water during the day than women.

腎結(jié)石在男性中比女性更常見。盡管專家們有一些理論解釋為什么11%的男性一生中至少會有一次這種情況，而只有6%的女性會有這種情況，但確切的原因尚不清楚。飲食可能會增加患結(jié)石的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而男性的飲食中更有可能含有大量的蛋白質(zhì)和鹽。這些都是腎結(jié)石的危險(xiǎn)因素。脫水也會使人有患腎結(jié)石的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而男性比女性更有可能在一天中疏于飲水。

Symptoms of kidney stones include severe pain in the lower abdomen, a burning sensation while urinating, discolored urine, a constant need to urinate, nausea, and vomiting (via Mayo Clinic). If you suspect you have a kidney stone, your doctor can run tests to create a diagnosis. This may include blood testing, urine testing, or imaging. Your treatment will vary depending on the size of the kidney stone and which type of stone it is. Small kidney stones can often be passed naturally. Your doctor may prescribe pain relievers to ease some of your discomfort as you wait for the stone to pass. They may also prescribe a medication that relaxes the ureter, which can make passing more comfortable.

腎結(jié)石的癥狀包括下腹劇烈疼痛、排尿時有燒灼感、尿液變色、經(jīng)常需要排尿、惡心和嘔吐。如果你懷疑自己患有腎結(jié)石，你的醫(yī)生可以通過檢測做出診斷。診斷過程可能包括血液測試、尿液測試或成像。根據(jù)腎結(jié)石的大小和類型，治療方法會有所不同。小腎結(jié)石通?？梢宰匀慌懦觥Ｔ诘却Y(jié)石排出時，醫(yī)生可能會給你開一些止痛藥來緩解你的不適。他們也可能會開一種放松輸尿管的藥物，可以讓結(jié)石排出時更舒服。

Some kidney stones are too large to pass and need to be treated another way. Some stones can be broken up using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), which is a procedure that uses sound waves to create vibrations that break up large stones. If this procedure doesn't work, surgery may be required. Once your kidney stone is no longer in your body, your doctor can help you find ways to reduce your risk of developing another one. This may include lifestyle changes or medication.

有些腎結(jié)石太大而無法排出，就需要用另一種方法治療。大塊結(jié)石可以通過體外沖擊波碎石(ESWL)來破碎，這是一種利用聲波產(chǎn)生振動來粉碎大塊結(jié)石的方法。如果這個過程還是不起作用，就需要手術(shù)。一旦腎結(jié)石從體內(nèi)取出，醫(yī)生就可以幫助你找到方法來降低患腎結(jié)石的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。通常包括生活方式的改變或藥物治療。