你會對太陽過敏嗎?

Do you have reactions when you go out in the sun? You could have a sun allergy. There are four different types of these allergies: solar urticaria, polymorphyic light eruption or PMLE, photoallergic reaction, and actinic prurigo, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

在陽光下還會有什么反應嗎?是的，你可能對陽光過敏。根據克利夫蘭診所的說法，這些過敏有四種不同類型:日光性蕁麻疹、多形性日光疹(PMLE)、光過敏和光線性癢疹。

Solar urticaria is a rare sun allergy that causes hives. While rare, it can be severe enough to cause anaphylactic shock, a potentially deadly reaction if not treated with an epinephrine injection in time. PMLE is more common, affecting up to 15% of people in the United States. It causes rashes, itching, and blisters. A photoallergic reaction is a sun allergy that happens when a chemical is applied to the skin and causes an allergic reaction when exposed to the sun. Actinic prurigo runs in families and is most common among the indigenous people of America and causes itchy crusted bumps called nodules (via Cleveland Clinic).

日光性蕁麻疹是一種罕見的太陽過敏，導致蕁麻疹。雖然罕見，但嚴重時足以引起過敏性休克，如果不及時注射腎上腺素，可能致命。多形性日光疹更常見，在美國影響高達15%的人。它會引起皮疹、瘙癢和水泡。光過敏是一種陽光過敏，當一種化學物質涂抹在皮膚上，暴露在陽光下會引起過敏反應。光線性癢疹有家族遺傳，在美國原住民中最常見，會導致結節(jié)的發(fā)癢的結痂腫塊。

Common symptoms of sun allergy are rashes, redness, itching, blisters, hives, pain, bumps, scaling, crusting, burning, and sometimes bleeding, according to Sparrow Health and Verywell Health. If you have these symptoms during or after sun exposure, make an appointment with a dermatologist for a diagnosis and treatment plan.

據Sparrow Health和Verywell Health稱，太陽過敏的常見癥狀是皮疹、發(fā)紅、瘙癢、水泡、蕁麻疹、疼痛、腫塊、剝落、結痂、灼燒，有時還會出血。如果你在日曬期間或之后出現(xiàn)這些癥狀，請預約皮膚科醫(yī)生進行診斷和治療。

The exact cause of a sun allergy is usually unknown unless it's caused by a medication. Some antibiotics, pain relievers such as ketoprofen, chemotherapy medications, antihistamines, diuretics, heart medications, or diabetes medications can cause a sun allergy or sensitivity (via Mayo Clinic).

太陽過敏的確切原因通常是未知的，除非是由藥物引起的。一些抗生素、止痛藥(如酮洛芬)、化療藥物、抗組胺藥、利尿劑、心臟病藥物或糖尿病藥物可能導致陽光過敏或敏感。

Risk factors for sun allergies include family history, race, some substances, and other skin conditions. You're more likely to have a sun allergy if you're Caucasian, have family members with sun allergies, or have some type of dermatitis. Certain substances like fragrances or specific chemicals in lotions, sunblocks, perfumes, insect repellants, and disinfectants can cause a sun allergy. Avoid skincare products with fragrances, perfumes, and sunblock lotions with chemicals. Wear gloves when disinfecting your home to avoid a skin reaction (via Sparrow Health).

太陽過敏的風險因素包括家族病史、種族、某些物質和其他皮膚狀況。如果你是白種人，你的家人對太陽過敏，或者有某種類型的皮炎，那么你更有可能對太陽過敏。某些物質，如香水或乳液、防曬霜、香水、驅蟲劑和消毒劑中的特定化學物質會導致陽光過敏。避免使用含有香料、香水和含有化學物質的防曬乳液的護膚品。在給家里消毒時戴上手套以避免皮膚反應。

Call 911 if you have any signs of anaphylactic shock or heatstroke, like hives, severe rash, trouble breathing, confusion, high fever, fast heart rate, nausea, vomiting, irregular heartbeat, or swelling in your tongue, throat, or face (via Verywell Health).

如果你有任何過敏性休克或中暑的跡象，如蕁麻疹、嚴重皮疹、呼吸困難、神志不清、高燒、心率加快、惡心、嘔吐、心跳不規(guī)則或舌頭、喉嚨或臉部腫脹，請撥打911。