不管素食者是否抽煙喝酒，都比肉食者更健康

Do vegetarians have a “get out of jail free” card when it comes to unhealthy habits? A new study finds vegetarians aren’t just healthier than meat-eaters, the impact of their diet holds up regardless of how much they drink and smoke.

在不健康的生活習慣方面，素食者有沒有“免罪卡”?一項新的研究發(fā)現，素食者不僅比肉食者更健康，而且不管他們喝了多少酒，抽了多少煙，他們飲食的影響都是有效的。

Researchers from the University of Glasgow examined more than 175,000 British adults during their study. Those results reveal people sticking to a plant-based diet appear to be healthier than meat-lovers. Moreover, they came out ahead regardless of age, weight, smoking habits, and their levels of alcohol consumption.

格拉斯哥大學的研究人員在他們的研究中調查了超過175000名英國成年人。這些結果顯示，堅持植物性飲食的人似乎比喜歡吃肉的人更健康。此外，無論年齡、體重、吸煙習慣和飲酒水平，他們都走在了前面。

The Scottish team looked at biomarkers that can have good and bad health effects; promoting or preventing cancer, heart and age-related diseases, as well as other chronic conditions. Previous studies have also looked at these markers to assess the effectiveness of certain diets on human health.

蘇格蘭研究小組觀察了生物標志物，這些標志物可以對健康產生好的和壞的影響; 促進或預防癌癥、心臟和年齡相關的疾病，以及其他慢性疾病。以前的研究也觀察了這些標記物，以評估某些飲食對人類健康的有效性。

Glasgow researchers analyzed blood and urine samples from 177,723 healthy participants, between 37 and 73 years-old, reporting no major changes in their diet over the last five years. The team categorized the group as either vegetarians (not eating red meat, poultry, or fish) or meat-eaters, according to each person’s self-reported diet. The researchers examined each diet’s association with 19 biomarkers related to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, liver, bone and joint health, and kidney function.

格拉斯哥的研究人員分析了177723名、年齡在37歲到73歲之間的健康參與者的血液和尿液樣本，報告說他們的飲食在過去五年中沒有發(fā)生重大變化。根據每個人自我報告的飲食，研究小組將這組人分為素食者(不吃紅肉、家禽或魚)或肉食者。研究人員研究了每種飲食與19種生物標志物的關系，這些生物標志物與糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌癥、肝臟、骨骼和關節(jié)健康以及腎功能有關。

Even after accounting for potentially influential factors including age, sex, education, ethnicity, obesity, smoking, and alcohol intake, the analysis reveals, in comparison to meat-eaters, vegetarians had “significantly lower” levels of 13 key biomarkers. Those include total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein “bad” cholesterol, and a hormone that encourages the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.

即使在考慮了年齡、性別、教育程度、種族、肥胖、吸煙和酒精攝入等潛在影響因素后，分析顯示，與肉食者相比，素食者的13個關鍵生物標志物水平“明顯較低”。其中包括總膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白“壞”膽固醇和一種促進癌細胞生長和增殖的激素。

Vegetarians also had lower levels of beneficial biomarkers including “good” high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

素食者也有較低水平的有益生物標志物，包括“好”的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)膽固醇。

“Our findings offer real food for thought,” says study leader Dr. Carlos Celis-Morales in a media release. “As well as not eating red and processed meat which have been linked to heart diseases and some cancers, people who follow a vegetarian diet tend to consume more vegetables, fruits, and nuts which contain more nutrients, fiber, and other potentially beneficial compounds.”

研究負責人卡洛斯·塞利斯·莫拉萊斯博士在一次媒體發(fā)布會上說：“我們的研究結果確實值得深思。除了不吃與心臟病和某些癌癥有關的紅肉和加工肉外，素食者傾向于食用更多的蔬菜、水果和堅果，因為它們含有更多的營養(yǎng)素、纖維和其他可能有益的化合物。”

“These nutritional differences may help explain why vegetarians appear to have lower levels of disease biomarkers that can lead to cell damage and chronic disease,” Celis-Morales concludes.

“這些營養(yǎng)差異可能有助于解釋，為什么素食者似乎在可導致細胞損傷和慢性疾病的生物標志物方面水平更低。”Celis Morales總結道。

Researchers presented their findings at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO), held online this year.

研究人員在今年舉行的歐洲肥胖大會(ECO)上公布了他們的研究結果。