2019年最佳工作排行榜

Health care jobs require years of higher education. But workers willing and able to make that investment see it pay dividends in the form of high salaries and ample opportunities. Plus, experts predict there will be great demand for nurses, physicians and other medical practitioners in the years to come.

醫(yī)療保健工作需要多年的高等教育。但是，愿意并有能力進(jìn)行這種投資的工人看到，這種投資以高薪和大量機(jī)會(huì)的形式獲得了回報(bào)。此外，專家預(yù)測(cè)，未來(lái)幾年對(duì)護(hù)士、醫(yī)生和其他醫(yī)療從業(yè)者的需求將會(huì)很大。

Those factors make health care jobs some of the best available in the U.S., according to the Best Jobs of 2019 ranking. Other industries represented at the top of the list include business and technology, the category that holds this year' s top job, software developer.

這些因素使醫(yī)療保健工作成為美國(guó)最好的工作之一根據(jù)2019年最佳工作排行榜。其他名列榜首的行業(yè)還包括商業(yè)和技術(shù)，今年的榜首是軟件開(kāi)發(fā)商。

Data for this ranking comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, an arm of the federal Department of Labor. The highest median salary the agency records is $208,000, so some of the following professions may offer median annual incomes higher than that amount.

這份排名的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自聯(lián)邦勞工部下屬的勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局。該機(jī)構(gòu)記錄的最高薪資中值為20.8萬(wàn)美元，因此以下一些職業(yè)的年收入中值可能高于這個(gè)數(shù)字。

Check out the best careers and learn about each profession.

一起來(lái)看看最好的職業(yè)，并了解一下吧。

Accountant

會(huì)計(jì)

For companies, governments or clients, accountants prepare and evaluate financial records for accuracy and to make sure taxes are promptly paid. Their responsibilities may entail making presentations or writing reports. These professionals may work as public accountants, who produce reports required by law, or management accountants, who work with internal budgets.

對(duì)于公司、政府或客戶，會(huì)計(jì)人員準(zhǔn)備并評(píng)估財(cái)務(wù)記錄的準(zhǔn)確性，以確保及時(shí)繳納稅款。他們的職責(zé)可能包括做陳述或?qū)憟?bào)告。這些專業(yè)人員可能是公共會(huì)計(jì)師，他們負(fù)責(zé)制作法律要求的報(bào)告，或者是管理會(huì)計(jì)師，負(fù)責(zé)處理內(nèi)部預(yù)算。

Accountants need at least a bachelor' s degree, and many have roles that require them to earn certified public accountant licenses.

會(huì)計(jì)師至少需要學(xué)士學(xué)位，許多人的職位要求他們獲得注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師執(zhí)照。

Cartographer

制圖師

As modern mapmakers, cartographers use surveys and images to collect and study geographic data, then turn it into useful visual representations. They're employed by the government and firms that specialize in architecture, engineering and science.

作為現(xiàn)代地圖繪制者，制圖員使用調(diào)查和圖像來(lái)收集和研究地理數(shù)據(jù)，然后將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的視覺(jué)表征。他們受雇于政府和專攻建筑、工程和科學(xué)的公司。

Cartographers typically have bachelor's degrees in cartography, geography, surveying or geomatics.

制圖師通常擁有制圖學(xué)、地理學(xué)、測(cè)量學(xué)或地貌學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位。

Mathematician

數(shù)學(xué)家

Many mathematicians analyze data and use statistical theories to help make decisions for businesses and government offices. Others work in academic settings, teaching and conducting research about how the universe works.

許多數(shù)學(xué)家分析數(shù)據(jù)并使用統(tǒng)計(jì)理論幫助企業(yè)和政府部門做出決策。其他人在學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境中工作，教授和進(jìn)行有關(guān)宇宙如何運(yùn)行的研究。

Surgeon

外科醫(yī)生

Pay is high for this job – but so is stress. Surgeons work under extremely high pressure, spending days and nights hovering over the operating table while treating diseases and illnesses through surgery. They need steady hands, sharp reflexes and solid problem-solving skills.

這份工作薪水很高，但壓力也很大。外科醫(yī)生在極高的壓力下工作，日夜在手術(shù)臺(tái)上盤旋，通過(guò)手術(shù)治療疾病。他們需要穩(wěn)定的雙手，敏銳的反應(yīng)能力和扎實(shí)的解決問(wèn)題的技能。

These doctors may specialize in orthopedics, neurology, cardiovascular health or even plastic surgery, providing cosmetic or reconstructive services to patients. Surgeons must earn undergraduate and medical school degrees, then complete years of residency training.

這些醫(yī)生可能專攻骨科、神經(jīng)學(xué)、心血管健康，甚至整形外科，為病人提供美容或重建服務(wù)。外科醫(yī)生必須獲得本科和醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)位，然后完成多年的住院醫(yī)生培訓(xùn)。

Physician

內(nèi)科醫(yī)生

This is a catch-all term for doctors of all varieties. Some physicians are internists whose work focuses on specific organ systems, including the liver, digestive tract or kidneys. For example, cardiologists are experts in heart health, while dermatologists focus on the skin. Other physicians work in family medicine, advising on common conditions such as minor injuries and infections and providing annual checkups. No matter their specialty, physicians may prescribe medicine, order and interpret tests and provide advice.

這是一個(gè)包羅萬(wàn)象的術(shù)語(yǔ)，適用于各種各樣的醫(yī)生。有些醫(yī)生是內(nèi)科醫(yī)生，他們的工作重點(diǎn)是特定的器官系統(tǒng)，包括肝臟、消化道或腎臟。例如，心臟病專家是心臟健康方面的專家，而皮膚科醫(yī)生則專注于皮膚。其他醫(yī)生則從事家庭醫(yī)學(xué)工作，為輕微受傷和感染等常見(jiàn)情況提供咨詢，并提供年度體檢。無(wú)論他們的專業(yè)是什么，醫(yī)生都可以開(kāi)藥、安排和解釋檢查并提供建議。

Nurse Practitioner

護(hù)士

In most states, these advanced nurses can perform many duties associated with doctors, including diagnosing disease, prescribing medicine, requesting medical tests and referring patients to specialists. Nurse practitioners may work with specific sets of patients, such as people with mental illness, children or older adults.

在大多數(shù)州，這些高級(jí)護(hù)士可以履行與醫(yī)生有關(guān)的許多職責(zé)，包括診斷疾病、開(kāi)藥、要求進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)檢查和將病人介紹給專家。護(hù)士從業(yè)人員可能與特定的患者群體合作，如精神疾病患者、兒童或老年人。

After completing college, nurse practitioners must earn master' s degrees and licenses. They work in hospitals, outpatient centers and doctors' offices.

完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)后，護(hù)士從業(yè)人員必須獲得碩士學(xué)位和執(zhí)照。他們?cè)卺t(yī)院、門診中心和醫(yī)生辦公室工作。

Orthodontist

牙齒矯正醫(yī)師

Orthodontists specialize in shifting crooked teeth and correcting misaligned bites. Tools of their trade include braces, retainers and spacers.

正畸醫(yī)師的專長(zhǎng)是移動(dòng)彎曲的牙齒和矯正錯(cuò)位的咬合。他們所使用的工具包括支架、固定器和墊片。

The path to the orthodontist chair passes through many educational institutions. After graduating from college, these professionals must complete dental school (another four years) and then a specialized orthodontist program (another three years). Then they need to earn state licenses. The payoff for all that work? High salaries and above-average work-life balance.

通往正畸牙醫(yī)椅的道路要經(jīng)過(guò)許多教育機(jī)構(gòu)。從大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，這些專業(yè)人員必須完成牙科學(xué)校(另一個(gè)四年)，然后一個(gè)專業(yè)的正畸醫(yī)生計(jì)劃(另一個(gè)三年)。然后他們需要獲得州執(zhí)照。所有這些工作的回報(bào)是什么?高工資和高于平均水平的工作與生活平衡。

Dentist

牙醫(yī)

Treating medical problems that arise in the mouth is the specialty of dental doctors. They use X-rays, exams and tools like drills to diagnose and care for issues such as cavities and gum disease.

治療口腔疾病是牙科醫(yī)生的專長(zhǎng)。他們使用x射線、檢查和鉆頭等工具來(lái)診斷和治療蛀牙和牙齦疾病等問(wèn)題。

These oral health care experts earn college degrees, then attend specialized graduate programs. They may work with other dentists or run their own practices while collaborating with dental hygienists.

這些口腔保健專家獲得大學(xué)學(xué)位，然后參加專業(yè)的研究生課程。他們可能與其他牙醫(yī)合作，或者在與牙科保健師合作的同時(shí)經(jīng)營(yíng)自己的業(yè)務(wù)。

Statistician

統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家

When businesses and government agencies need help making sophisticated decisions and solving complicated problems, they turn to statisticians. These math whizzes gather data, then use theories, models and specialized software to predict outcomes.

當(dāng)企業(yè)和政府機(jī)構(gòu)需要幫助做出復(fù)雜的決策和解決復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題時(shí)，他們會(huì)求助于統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家。這些數(shù)學(xué)奇才收集數(shù)據(jù)，然后使用理論、模型和專業(yè)軟件來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果。

College degrees and master' s degrees are typical for statisticians, often in subjects such as mathematics, economics or computer science. They may specialize in fields like engineering or physics.

大學(xué)學(xué)位和碩士學(xué)位是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家的典型特征，通常涉及數(shù)學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)或計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)等學(xué)科。他們可能專攻工程或物理等領(lǐng)域。

Software Developer

軟件開(kāi)發(fā)人員

For the second year in a row, software developer tops this list. That's thanks to how integral digital technology has become to our personal and professional lives. Software developers pay attention to both aesthetics and function as they create and fix applications and programs for computers and smartphones.

軟件開(kāi)發(fā)人員連續(xù)第二年位居榜首。這要感謝數(shù)字技術(shù)如何融入我們的個(gè)人和職業(yè)生活。軟件開(kāi)發(fā)人員在為計(jì)算機(jī)和智能手機(jī)創(chuàng)建和修復(fù)應(yīng)用程序和程序時(shí)，既注重美觀又注重功能。

Software developers typically have college degrees in computer science or a related discipline. Employment opportunities in the field are soaring; they' re expected to increase by more than 30 percent by 2026.

軟件開(kāi)發(fā)人員通常擁有計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)或相關(guān)學(xué)科的大學(xué)學(xué)位。該領(lǐng)域的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)正在飆升;預(yù)計(jì)到2026年，這一數(shù)字將增長(zhǎng)30%以上。