五招幫你減少室內(nèi)毒害

We are surrounded by chemicals – in food and drink, cleaning products, household items and furnishings. Here's how to reduce household pollution.

我們周圍到處都是化學(xué)物質(zhì)——食品和飲料，清潔產(chǎn)品，家居用品和家具。本文教你如何減少家庭污染。

Ventilate

通風(fēng)

Cleaning products, cooking, candles and buildingmaterials all contribute to pollution inside ourhomes. The British Lung Foundation (BLF) recommends choosing fragrance-free cleaning products and using solid or liquid productswhen possible, rather than sprays. It also advises opening windows or skylights, especiallywhen cooking or showering, and avoiding the use of several candles or incense sticks in asmall room such as a bathroom. As outdoor pollution can also travel into the home, the BLFalso suggests keeping windows closed when Defra's Daily Air Quality Index is high.

清潔產(chǎn)品，烹飪，蠟燭和建筑材料都能導(dǎo)致家庭內(nèi)部污染。英國(guó)肺臟基金會(huì)(BLF)建議選擇無(wú)香味的清潔產(chǎn)品，盡可能使用固體或液體產(chǎn)品，而不是噴霧劑。它還建議打開窗戶或天窗，尤其是在做飯或淋浴時(shí)，避免在浴室這樣的小房間里使用幾支蠟燭或熏香。由于室外污染也會(huì)進(jìn)入家中，因此，英國(guó)生物及環(huán)境部還建議，當(dāng)環(huán)境部的每日空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)高時(shí)，應(yīng)關(guān)閉窗戶。

 

 

Cut down on plastic

減少塑料使用

The synthetic chemical Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in many plastic products and can beingested or absorbed through skin contact, potentially disrupting the endocrine system. Ninety-five percent of adults are thought to have traces of BPA in their bodies throughcontinuous exposure – Tamara Galloway, a professor of ecotoxicology at the University ofExeter, says avoiding heavily processed and packaged food can help to limit exposure. Breastfeeding or buying baby bottles with a BPA-free label are also among herrecommendations.

許多塑料制品中都含有人工合成的化學(xué)物質(zhì)雙酚(BPA)，它可以通過(guò)皮膚接觸被人體攝入或吸收，可能會(huì)破壞內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)。艾希特大學(xué)的生態(tài)毒理學(xué)教授塔瑪拉加洛韋說(shuō)，95%的成年人持續(xù)暴露在BPA環(huán)境中。避免過(guò)度加工和包裝食品有助于減少暴露。他也建議嬰兒母乳喂養(yǎng)或者購(gòu)買帶有無(wú)bpa標(biāo)簽的奶瓶。

Make your own cleaning products

制作你自己的清潔產(chǎn)品

The author of All You Need is Less: A Guilt-Free Guide to Eco-Friendly Living and Stress-FreeSimplicity, Madeleine Somerville, says soap, baking soda and vinegar are all you need tomake your own cleaning sprays. She recommends filling a spray bottle with hot water, leaving afew inches at the top, before adding a 1/4 cup of white vinegar, 2 tbsp of eco-friendlywashing-up liquid and an optional 1tbsp of borax.

《所有你需要的是更少: 環(huán)保生活和無(wú)壓力指南》一書的作者馬德琳·薩默維爾說(shuō)，制作你自己的清潔噴霧只需要肥皂、蘇打粉和醋。 她建議在噴霧瓶中加入熱水，頂部留出幾英寸，然后加入1杯白醋，2湯匙環(huán)保洗潔精和1湯匙硼砂。

Reduce dust and tackle any damp or mould

減少灰塵并處理潮濕或發(fā)霉的地方

A 2016 US study identified 45 toxic chemicals in indoor dust, including phthalates, flameretardants and phenols. "Because indoor dust contains chemicals from a wide variety ofproducts, it is like a parking lot for chemicals in the home," wrote Veena Singla, co-author ofthe study from the Natural Resources Defense Council in California. Simple steps to reduceexposure include washing hands with plain soap and water, keeping household dust to aminimum by dusting with a damp cloth and using a vacuum with a high-efficiency particulateair (Hepa) filter. Damp and mould can also affect your immune system, as well as increasethe chance of respiratory problems. Preventing the build-up of condensation is key, says theNHS, though mould be must removed carefully so as not to release spores.

2016年美國(guó)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，室內(nèi)灰塵中含有45種有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)，包括鄰苯二甲酸鹽、阻燃劑和酚類。加利福尼亞州自然資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)的這項(xiàng)研究的合著者維娜·辛格拉(Veena Singla)寫道：“因?yàn)槭覂?nèi)灰塵含有來(lái)自多種產(chǎn)品的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，它就像是家里放化學(xué)物質(zhì)的停車場(chǎng)。”。減少暴露的簡(jiǎn)單步驟：用普通的肥皂和水洗手，用濕布擦拭，用高效濾網(wǎng)過(guò)濾器吸塵，將家里的灰塵降到最低。潮濕和發(fā)霉也會(huì)影響你的免疫系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)增加呼吸問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。英國(guó)國(guó)民健康保險(xiǎn)制度(NHS)說(shuō)，防止冷凝物積聚是關(guān)鍵，不過(guò)必須小心地除去霉菌，以免釋放出孢子。

Consider your paint choices

慎重選擇油漆

As well as the fumes and chemicals given out during painting, freshly decorated walls cancontinue to pollute long after they are dry. Paint labelled "ecofriendly" or "natural" due to itslowered levels of volatile organic compound (VOC) are not necessarily "green", wroteinterior design journalist Katherine Sorrell. Among her recommendations are Edward BulmerNatural Paint, Aglaia, Biofa, Earthborn and Ecos Organic Paints.

在刷漆過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生化學(xué)物質(zhì)，新裝修的墻壁在干燥后會(huì)繼續(xù)污染很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)記者 KatherineSorrell 寫道，由于降低了VOC的含量，所以涂料被標(biāo)注為"環(huán)保型"或"自然型"并不一定是“綠色”。她的推薦Edward Bulmer Natural Paint、Aglaia、Biofa、 Earthborn 和 Ecos Organic Paints等品牌油漆。