出事兒自動(dòng)報(bào)警的車(chē)，要不要？

Imagine driving down the road and suddenly you get into an accident. It's not that severe, but you still lose your bearings. Would you know who to call? But what if the accident is bad and you lose consciousness — or are trapped — and can't even get to your phone to call for help.

想象一下在路上開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)，突然發(fā)生事故，雖然不是很?chē)?yán)重，但你還是有些驚慌失措，你知道該給誰(shuí)打電話(huà)么?假如事故嚴(yán)重，你失去了意識(shí)或者被困住，無(wú)法撥打求助電話(huà)，又該怎么辦呢?

These are the kinds of situations that prompted the European Union to pass a law requiring all new vehicles sold there be equipped with technology called eCall. The system automatically contacts emergency services when there's a car accident, no matter how minor.

這些情況促使歐盟通過(guò)一項(xiàng)法案，要求全部在售新車(chē)配備緊急呼叫(eCall)。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)會(huì)在發(fā)生哪怕很小的事故時(shí)自動(dòng)聯(lián)系應(yīng)急服務(wù)。

The law was proposed in April 2013, passed by the European Parliament two years later, and took effect in April 2018.

該法案在2013年4月提交，兩年后被歐洲議會(huì)通過(guò)，并在2018年四月生效。

How it Works

如何運(yùn)作

The eCall system connects the vehicle's occupants to a human operator at the proper Public Safety Answering Point (in other words, a call center) for the vehicle's location. The center will receive a set of data to assist them, including the location of the accident, information about the vehicle (such as its VIN), the route the vehicle was traveling (i.e. northbound or southbound), and whether the system was manually or automatically activated.

應(yīng)急呼叫系統(tǒng)會(huì)使車(chē)主與當(dāng)?shù)氐墓舶踩珣?yīng)答中心的人工服務(wù)取得聯(lián)系以獲得車(chē)輛位置。中心會(huì)接收到一系列數(shù)據(jù)，包括事故位置、車(chē)輛信息(如車(chē)輛識(shí)別碼)、行駛路線(xiàn)與系統(tǒng)的觸發(fā)方式(手動(dòng)或是自動(dòng))。

ECall won't necessarily help prevent collisions, but it has the potential to save lives by getting help to injured motorists as quickly as possible.

這個(gè)系統(tǒng)雖無(wú)法阻止事故發(fā)生，但是它能夠通過(guò)盡快尋求幫助來(lái)挽救受傷司機(jī)的生命。

If the eCall system sounds familiar, it is similar to other emergency onboard telematics systems already equipped on vehicles. However, in the United States, these are optional services offered by auto manufacturers, and often require paid subscriptions.

這個(gè)系統(tǒng)并不陌生，它其實(shí)類(lèi)似于其它已有的車(chē)載遠(yuǎn)程信息處理系統(tǒng)。然而在美國(guó)，這種系統(tǒng)是由汽車(chē)制造商提供的可選服務(wù)，通常會(huì)收取費(fèi)用。

General Motors, for instance, has offered its OnStar service since 1996, and during that timeframe, the company has collected extremely valuable data, including why it is important to have human operators.

例如通用汽車(chē)，從1996年起就提供OnStar服務(wù)，在這期間，通用收集了非常有價(jià)值的數(shù)據(jù)，包括為什么要配有人工服務(wù)。

The eCall mandate was originally proposed to work simply by connecting the cars to a computer operator, but OnStar's two decades of data helped explain why that would be a bad idea: false-positives. The data showed that in the early days of Onstar, seven out of 10 calls were false-positives. So having human operators will determine if the calls actually require an emergency dispatch or not.

最初eCall的設(shè)計(jì)只是簡(jiǎn)單的將車(chē)輛與電腦應(yīng)答聯(lián)系起來(lái)，但是OnStar二十年的數(shù)據(jù)解釋了為什么這并非一個(gè)好的設(shè)計(jì)：誤報(bào)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示早期OnStar十分之七的呼叫是誤報(bào)。因此配有人工服務(wù)能夠識(shí)別是否真的需要調(diào)度應(yīng)急服務(wù)。

The Privacy Issue

隱私條款

But not everyone seems to be on board. In order to provide accurate information to emergency services, vehicles with eCall must be traceable, and since eCall is now mandatory, that data can be shared whether vehicle owners like it or not. The transmission of this data, particularly location details, has caused critics to question the safety and security of the eCall system as it relates to privacy. The eCall regulations require manufacturers of eCall systems (such as automakers and tech companies) and service providers (telecom companies that transmit the data) to comply with specific privacy rules, procedures and precautions.

并非所有人都愿意參與其中。為了給緊急服務(wù)提供準(zhǔn)確的信息，配備eCall的車(chē)輛必須被跟蹤，一旦強(qiáng)制配置eCall，無(wú)論車(chē)主是否愿意，車(chē)輛的信息都會(huì)被上傳。數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸，尤其是位置信息，引起了評(píng)論的對(duì)eCall隱私安全性的質(zhì)疑。eCall規(guī)定要求生產(chǎn)商和服務(wù)提供商遵守特定的隱私條例、程序及注意事項(xiàng)。

Despite privacy concerns, that data can be useful beyond its life-saving potential, according to TechRepublic. It will be helpful in developing new technology, such as self-driving cars, and it can be used to refine and improve telematics systems going forward.

TechRepublic網(wǎng)站提到，盡管存在隱私問(wèn)題，數(shù)據(jù)除了挽救生命還會(huì)有更大用處。它會(huì)幫助開(kāi)發(fā)例如自動(dòng)駕駛等新技術(shù)，還可以用來(lái)改善和提高未來(lái)的遠(yuǎn)程信息處理技術(shù)。

So can drivers in the United States anticipate technology like eCall anytime soon? According to Jose Ucles, a public affairs representative from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), probably not.

那么美國(guó)的司機(jī)們是否也期待eCall這樣的技術(shù)呢?國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局公共事務(wù)代表Jose Ucles表示，并不。

"If a law were passed, it would be our job to figure out how to implement it — probably by establishing a regulation," Ucles says via email. "Historically, the regulatory development and implementation process can take years from start to finish and includes a public notice and comment period for each regulatory action."

“如果法案通過(guò)了，如何落實(shí)它可能就是我們的工作了，可能要通過(guò)制定規(guī)則來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，” Jose Ucles在郵件中提到。“歷來(lái)監(jiān)管措施的制定和推廣過(guò)程會(huì)持續(xù)多年，包括每項(xiàng)監(jiān)管措施的公告和咨詢(xún)期。”