每天笑一笑，不要感冒藥

In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill.

The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style" can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses.

Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjectiveas in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose.

"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe."

Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.

For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style." Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.

The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.

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一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，保持快樂的心情是預(yù)防冬季生病的最佳良方。

研究人員讓一群身體健康的志愿者接觸感冒病毒或流感病毒，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，性格開朗的人染病的幾率較小。

這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果在《身心醫(yī)學(xué)》上發(fā)表。其主要依據(jù)是，"積極的情緒"有助于預(yù)防感冒和其它疾病。

研究人員認(rèn)為，這可以從客觀和主觀兩方面來解釋，從客觀上說，快樂的情緒可以增強(qiáng)人體的免疫力;從主觀上說，快樂的人對于嗓子疼、流鼻涕等感冒癥狀沒那么敏感。

研究報(bào)告的主要撰寫人、匹茲堡卡內(nèi)基·梅隆大學(xué)的謝爾登·科恩博士解釋說：“‘情緒積極’的人對于病毒的免疫力較強(qiáng)。而且他們即使患了感冒，也覺得沒什么大不了的。”

科恩博士和他的同事在此前的一項(xiàng)研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，比較快樂的人不易患感冒，但不能完全確定這一性格本身是否具有這種“功效”。

在這項(xiàng)最新研究中，研究人員邀請了193名身體健康的成年人參加了性格特點(diǎn)、健康自評和情緒特點(diǎn)等各項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試，并將容易快樂、精力充沛、性格隨和的人定義為“積極情緒者”，將經(jīng)常不開心、精神緊張、不友好的人定義為“消極情緒者”。

研究人員將帶有感冒病毒或某種流感病毒的滴鼻液滴進(jìn)這些實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的鼻中。在接下來的六天里，實(shí)驗(yàn)對象要每天報(bào)告自己是否出現(xiàn)頭痛、打噴嚏或鼻塞等癥狀，研究人員則收集實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的“日鼻涕量”等觀察數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)所收集的數(shù)據(jù)，科恩和他的同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，性格開朗、比較快樂的人不容易患感冒。