大學(xué)英語四級(jí)翻譯必備句型：倒裝句

　　倒裝句

　　第一步：四級(jí)精彩套句展示

　　我們將通過三個(gè)?？嫉?a href="http://m.360newlife.cn/cet4/" target="_blank" class="keylink">四級(jí)寫作句型揭示倒裝句的奧妙。

　　1. So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子(如此…以至于…)

　　【例】So precious is time that we can not afford to waste it. 時(shí)間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費(fèi)它。

　　這是四級(jí)考試作文部分經(jīng)常用到的一個(gè)套句，也是我們在第一部分要學(xué)習(xí)的第一種句型——倒裝句。

　　我們注意到這個(gè)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞“be”放到的了主語的前面，這種句子成分順序和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)句型不一致的句型就是倒裝句。

　　倒裝(The Inversion)，一般來說是一種較正式的句型，能考查考生的英文寫作水平。在文章的開頭用倒裝句你的文章會(huì)因此而添色不少，也是寫應(yīng)試作文獲取高分的亮點(diǎn)之一，所以我們一定要學(xué)會(huì)正確地使用它，恰當(dāng)?shù)赜脕黻U述自己的觀點(diǎn)。

　　2. adj. + as + Subject(主詞)+ be, S. + V. + …(雖然…)

　　【例】Rich as our country is, our quality of life is by no means satisfactory.

　　雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)卻不是令人滿意的。

　　v by no means = in no way = on no account一點(diǎn)也不

　　3. On no account can we + V. + …(我們絕對不能…)

　　【例】On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

　　我們絕對不能忽略知識(shí)的價(jià)值。

　　第二步：語法精講

　　1. 簡介

　　倒裝有兩種。將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，叫做完全倒裝(complete inversion)。

　　【例】Then began a bitter war between the two countries. 于是兩國之間開始了惡戰(zhàn)。

　　只將助動(dòng)詞(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)移至主語之前，叫做部分倒裝(partial inversion)。

　　At no time can the entrance be left unguarded. 入口需要隨時(shí)有人把守。

　　2. 四級(jí)必考句型

　　(1) Among the disadvantages that may bring to are that + S. + V., making + n. + adj.

　　【分析】有時(shí)候，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“介詞 + 賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)，我們把它置于句首，此時(shí)句子需要全部倒裝，在本句中我們把謂語動(dòng)詞“are”放在了主語結(jié)構(gòu)“that…”的前面。

　　Among the disadvantages that cars may bring to our lives are that we could spend more time in traffic jams and we would likely spend more money on operation and maintenance fees, making our schedules tighter and our pockets lighter!

　　(2) With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes the possibility that

　　【分析】句中的定語從句“out of which comes the possibility…”是完全倒裝句。

　　With these steps, we can change our society into one out of which comes the possibility that natural resources will be fully cherished.

　　(3) There is a real possibility that , should there be a .

　　【分析】Should there be a…是省略if并部分倒裝的將來時(shí)虛擬條件句。還原后為：If there should be a…

　　There is a real possibility that we can solve this problem completely, should there be cooperation among all parties involved.

　　(4) never, hardly, seldom, rarely, not, until…，scarcely, in no case(不管怎樣也不)，in no way(不管怎么也不)，by no means(決不)，on no account(不論什么原因也不)，at no time(無論什么時(shí)候也不)等否定詞放在句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝。

　　By no means shall we cease to protect our environment.

　　(5) It was very late. Exhausted though she was, there was no hope of her being able to fall asleep.

　　【分析】從屬連詞as和though也可以用于讓步狀語從句中。這種從句必須以形容詞(或形容詞化的分詞)、名詞或動(dòng)詞原形開頭，主句必須位于從句之后。

　　1) Small as a bicycle is, it can bring a lot of convenience to our lives.

　　2) Foolish though he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals. (他看起來樣子傻傻的，可似乎總是能提出最聰明的建議。)

　　3) Try as you may, you will never succeed. (你盡管可以試，但決不會(huì)成功)。

　　第三步：練習(xí)與進(jìn)步

　　A. 翻譯

　　1. 至于計(jì)算機(jī)化的影響，沒有什么地方比銀行能更清楚地看到其成果。

　　2. 要不是來自政府的及時(shí)投資，我們的公司不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這樣繁榮昌盛。

　　3. 只是過了一年，我就開始看到我工作的成績。

　　4. 該組織沒有違反規(guī)章，但是它也沒有負(fù)責(zé)任地認(rèn)真工作。

　　5. 幾乎每個(gè)月都有消息報(bào)道調(diào)查中國公民中科學(xué)教育文盲問題的嚴(yán)重性。

　　6. 打算離婚的父母沒有很好地培養(yǎng)孩子應(yīng)對將要到來的危機(jī)的能力，他們也沒有向孩子們作出很有必要的保證：會(huì)有人照顧你們的。

　　7. 雖然他聰明機(jī)智，也覺得解決這個(gè)問題很難。

　　8. 她不僅學(xué)習(xí)刻苦，而且很有禮貌。

　　9. 樹下坐著的人，是我見過的最高大的人之一。

　　10. 只有當(dāng)研究者獲得充分的數(shù)據(jù)，他們才能得出一個(gè)正確的結(jié)論。

　　【參考答案】

　　1. As for the influence of computerization, nowhere have we seen the results more clearly than in the bank.

　　2. Had it not been for the timely investment from the government, our company would not be thriving as it is.

　　3. Only after a year did I begin to see the results of my work.

　　4. The organization had broken no rules, but neither had it acted responsibly.

　　5. Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among Chinese citizens.

　　6. Parents planning to divorce do not sufficiently prepare their children for the coming crisis, nor do they provide them with the necessary assurances that they will be cared for in the aftermath.

　　7. Clever and resourceful though he was, he found more than a little difficulty solving the problem.

　　8. Not only was she a hard worker, but she was also very polite.

　　9. Under a tree was sitting one of the biggest men I had ever seen.

　　10. Only when the researchers have obtained sufficient data can they come to a sound conclusion.

　　B. 改錯(cuò)

　　1. Scarcely they had settled themselves in their seats in the theatre

　　when the curtain went up.

　　2. Under no circumstances we should do anything that will benefit

　　ourselves but harm the interests of the state.

　　3. Not until an infant hedgehog(刺猬)opens its eyes it leaves its

　　nest to follow its mother about.

　　4. Down jumped was the burglar from the tenth floor when the

　　policeman pointed his pistol at him.

　　5. Most of his classmates agree with the opinion that bad as he is,

　　but he has his good points.

　　6. Not until have I passed the examination will I be able to go out

　　to parties.

　　7. Not only the student disturb the authority of the older

　　generation he can threaten the social system as a whole.

　　8. No fewer than one thousand people did come here to attend the

　　competition.

　　9. We had hardly arrived when does she started crying to go home.

　　10. No sooner had he drunk the coffee when he began to feel drowsy.

　　【參考答案】

　　1. they had—had they

　　2. we should—should we

　　3. it leaves—does it leave

　　4. 去掉was

　　5. 去掉but

　　6. have I—I have

　　7. only后加does

　　8. did come—came

　　9. 去掉does

　　10. when—than

　　第四步：偉人偉招

　　1. 英勇無畏式

　　Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. (Marie Curie)

　　生活中沒有什么可怕的東西，只有需要理解的東西。(居里夫人)

　　【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這句話可用于提出問題的解決方法，比如說關(guān)于“global shortage of fresh water”，在提到如何應(yīng)對時(shí)，不妨說：

　　Famous scientist Marie Curie once said, “Nothing in life is to be feared; it is only to be understood.” In the same ways, once we understand the causes of this phenomenon, we can confidently believe that we will solve the problem with the following means.

　　2. 熱情無限式

　　A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm.

　　(C. M. Schwab)

　　只要有無限的熱情，一個(gè)人幾乎可以在任何事情上取得成功。(施瓦布)

　　【點(diǎn)評(píng)】用法和上句類似。

　　3. 理想遠(yuǎn)大式

　　The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and also the determination to attain it. (Goethe)

　　人生重要的在于確立一個(gè)偉大的目標(biāo)，并有決心使其實(shí)現(xiàn)。(歌德)

　　【點(diǎn)評(píng)】我們可以從歌德的話語里面，學(xué)到一個(gè)很好的句型：The important thing is to…, 不妨進(jìn)一步學(xué)一個(gè)四級(jí)里面另兩個(gè)更受歡迎的句型：

　　(1) Nothing is + (adj).er than to + V. + …

　　Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V. + …

　　【例】Nothing is more important than to receive education. 沒有比接受教育更重要的事。

　　(2) What a + adj. + n. + S. + V.!= How + adj. + a + n. + V.!(多么…!)

　　What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

　　How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

　　遵守諾言是多么重要的事!

　　第五步：實(shí)踐與提高

　　用下列給出的句型造句：

　　1. The narrator may be right about…, but he neglects to mention the fact

　　that…

　　2. As opposed to widely held beliefs , I believe that…

　　3. Although many people believe that…, I doubt whether the argument holds up to much analysis .

　　4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we could gain from A.

　　5. Although it is commonly held that…, it is unlikely that…

　　6. There is an element of truth in this argument , but it ignores a deeper and more

　　basic fact that…

　　7. It is true that …, but that is not to say that…

　　True it is unlikely

　　To be sure it doesn’t follow

　　Admittedly that doesn’t mean

　　it won’t be the case

　　8. The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant of the

　　basic fact that…

　　9. It would be natural to think that…, but it would be absurd to

　　claim that…

　　10. In all the discussion and debate over…, one important fact is generally

　　overlooked : …