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2022年6月大學(xué)英語六級閱讀真題以及答案(一)

所屬教程:六級閱讀

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tingliketang

2024年10月25日

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英語六級閱讀真題,不僅強化詞匯與句型理解,更提升閱讀速度與綜合分析能力。實戰(zhàn)演練,讓考生熟悉題型變化,掌握解題技巧,是沖刺六級高分不可或缺的寶貴資源。今天,小編將分享2022年6月大學(xué)英語六級閱讀真題以及答案(卷一)相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望能為大家提供幫助!

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Section A

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in aword bank following the passage.Read the passage throngh carefully before making your choices,Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not wseanyofthe words in the bank more tham once.

The city of Bath was founded by the Romans almost two thousand years ago.It has been famous for its  26  pleasing architecture and healing thermal springs ever since.

There are three hot springs in Bath;one is the King's Spring,upon which the Roman Baths and a temple were  27  .The other two arethe Cross Spring and the Hetling Spring,close to each other in Hot Bath Street.Although Bath is  28  known as a Roman and Georgian city,many people came in the intervening centuries to make use of the  29  waters.

While the Georgians made taking the waters'or bathing particularly fashionable,it was  30  generations who paved the way,creating greater interest in Bath and its springs.CharlesⅡ,desperate for an heir and unable to produce a  31  son,came to Bath to take the waters in the hope that their magical powers would do something to  32 the situation.Craving for a male heir,James and Mary both came to Bath and soon after produceda son,which bred many conspiracy theories about who was the real father of their  33  .Regardless,the ‘miracle’created something of a boom in tourism for Bath and once Queen Anne had paid a visit in 1702,sealing it as the place to be,the whole nation  34  to the city.

Afterwards,the spas(礦泉療養(yǎng)浴場)in Bath continued to go in and out of fashion for more than 150 years until they closed completely.The new Bath Spa,which opened in 2006, 35  modern architecture with the ancient spring,now the New Royal Bath.

A)aesthetically

B)constructed

C)designates

D)extract

E)flocked

F)incorporates

G)legitimate

H)natural

I)offspring

J)previous

K)principally

L)remedy

M)rhetorically

N)sneaked

O)versatile

Section B

Directions:In this section,yow are goimg to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with aletter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Doctor Will Skype You Now

A)Fazila is a young woman that has been dealing with eczema(濕疹),a common skin condition,for the pastfive years,but never got it treated.The nearesthospital is an hour away,by boat and bus,and her skin condition didn't seem serious enough to make the trek,so she ignored it—until a new technology brought thedoctor to her.Fazila lives on one of the remote river islands in northern Bangladesh.These islands are low-lying,temporary sand islands that are continuously formed and destroyed through sand buildup and erosion.They are home to over six million people,who face repeated displacement from flooding and erosion—which may be getting worse because of climate change-and a range of health risks,including poor nutrition,malaria(瘧疾)and other water-borne diseases.

B)The most dangerous thing for these remote island dwellers is landerosion.The second is lack of access to medical supplies and doctors.There are no doctors within miles,and while child mortality and maternal death  have gone down in the rest of the country,this is not the case for the islands.The medical situation is so bad that it really takes away from the quality of their life.Yet for many island inhabitants—some of Bangladesh's poorest—paying for health care is a costly ordeal.Victims of erosion lose their houses,agricultural land and  jobs as farmers,fishermen and day laborers.Though government hospitals are free,many people hesitate to go,citing long commutes,endless lines and questionable diagnoses.For convenience's sake,one-third of rural households visit unqualified village doctors,who rely on unscientific methods of treatment,according to a 2016 study in the peer-reviewed journal Global Health Action.

C)On the islands,there's even a colloquial(口頭的)expression for the idea of making medical care your lowest priority:It's known as “rog pushai rakha"in Bengali,which roughly translates to“stockpiling their diseases”—waiting to seek medical attention until a condition becomes extremely serious.Now,a new virtual medical service called Teledaktar(TD)is trying to make health care more easily accessible.Every week,TD's medical operators travel to the islands by boat,carrying a laptop,a portable printer for prescriptions and tools to run basic medical screenings such as blood pressure,blood sugar,body temperature and weight.They choose an area of the island with the best Internet reception and set up a makeshif(臨時湊合的)medical center which consists of plastic stools and small tables borrowed from the locals'homes,a tent in case of rain and a sheet that is strung up to give the patients privacy during their session.

D)Launched in October 2018,TD has eight centers in towns and villages across rural Bangladesh and on three islands.It is funded by a nonprofit organization founded by Bangladeshi entrepreneurs,finance and technology professionals.Inside the center,the laptop screen lights up to reveal Dr.Tina Mustahid,TD's head physician,live-streamed(網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播)from the capital city of Dhaka for free remote medical consultations. Affectionately called Doctor Apa—“older sister”in Bengali—by her patients,she is one of three volunteer doctors at TD.

E)“I diagnose them through conversation,”says Dr.Mustahid.“Sometimes it's really obvious things that local doctors don't have the patience to talk through with their patients.For example,a common complaint mothers come in with is that their children refuse to eat their meals.The mothers are concerned they are dealing with indigestion,but it's because they are feeding the childrenpackaged chips which are cheap and convenient.I tell them it is ruining their appetite and ask them to cutback onunhealthy snacks.”Dr.Mustahid says building awareness about health and nutrition is important for island patientswho are cut off from mainland resources.

F)Even off the islands,Bangladesh faces a critical deficit of health services.The country has half the doctors-per-person ratio recommendedby the World Health Organization: roughly one doctorper 2,000 people,instead of one doctor per 1,000 people.And of those physicians,many are concentrated in cities:70% of the country's population live in rural areas,yet less than 20% of health workers practice there.Over 70% of TD's 3,000 patients are female,in part because many are not comfortable speaking with local doctors who tend to be male.The rural women are mostly not literate or confident enough to travel ontheir ownto the nearest town to visit medical facilities.Many have spent their entire lives rebuilding their homes when the islands flood.Early marriage and young motherhood,which are prevalent in these parts of Bangladesh,also contribute to the early onset of health problems.

G)For most TD patients on the islands,Dr.Mustahid is the first big-city doctor that they've everconsulted.TD doctors are notmeant to treat serious illnesses or conditions that requirea doctor to be physically present,such as pregnancy.But they can write prescriptions,diagnosecommon ailments—including digestive issues,joint pain,skin diseases,fever and the common cold and refer patients to doctors at local hospitals.The visit is also an opportunity for the patients,especially women,to air their concerns about aging,motherhood and reproductive health according to Dr.Mustahid.The doctors also offer health,dietary and lifestyle advice where necessary,including insight on everything from recognizing posmatal(產(chǎn)后的)depression to daily exercise.Dr. Mustahid regularly recommendsher patients to takea daily thirty-minute morning walk before the sun getstoo intense.

H)After a few sessions about general health issues Fazila finally opened up about something else that was bothering her:her persistent skin condition.It can get expensive to travel to the doctor,so usually the womenliving on the islands describe their llness to their husbands.The husbands then go tothe pharmacy,try to describe the issue and return home with some random medicines.Nothingworked for Fazila until she startedseeing Dr.Apa.

I)Other nonprofits are also starting to provide health services on the islands.A local non-governmental organization called Friendship operates floating boat hospitals that provide health services to islands all  over Bangladesh,docking at each for two months at a time.Friendship also runs satellite clinics in which one  doctor and one clinic aide who are residents of the community disperse health andhygiene information.

J)TD sill has a few major challenges.Many residents complain the medicines they are prescribed are sometimes unaffordable,but the government isn't doing enough for them. Patients often ask why the medicine isn't free along with the consultation from the doctors.The organizations are linked to local pharmacies and offer discounts to the patients and make sureto prescribe the most cost-effective brands,but still many residents can't afford even that.

K)Nevertheless,TD's remote consultations seem to be popular:Of 3,000 patients,at least 200 have returmed for follow-ups,according to TD.The reason,explains one resident, might be the simple gesture of treating the island inhabitants with respect.“Dr.Apa is patient,”he says,“At government hospitals,the doctors treat us very badly,but here they listento us,I can repeat myself many times and no one gets annoyed.”

36.Some children on the remote islands won't eat their meals because they arefed cheap junk food.

37.Unlike other parts of Bangladesh,the number of women who die from giving birth remains high on the river  islands

38.One big problem many islanders have is that they can't afford the prescribed medicines, even with discounts offered.

39.TD is a virtual medical service financially supported by one of the nation's nonprofit organizations.

40.TD doctors are welcome to the islanders because they treat the sick with respect and patience.

41.Women islanders tend to have health problems early partly because they get married and give birth early.

42.TD doctors make weekly visits to the remote islands to provide services at a temporary medical center.

43.TD doctors provide the islanders with online diagnoses and treatments for common diseases.

44.The residents of the river islands have to keep moving their homes because of floods and land erosions.

45.Women islanders usually rely on their husbands to get some medicines for them without diagnoses and prescriptions.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice  andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Selective collegesand universities in the U.S.are under fire for being too elite and too expensive,and for not training graduates for the world of work.Such charges ignore the fact that these institutions continue to prepare students for success in their work,for thoughtful engagement in civic life,for lifelong learning,and  for understanding the world and those with whom they live.

These colleges and universities must be doing something right.Applications are at record highs,and their financial aid programs make them more accessible than ever.This model of education has long played a centralrole in creating opportunity,driving economic growth,and spurring innovation.

Yet,there is growing skepticism about the value of this model.The recent tax reform bill is a wake-up call that our strongest colleges and universities are under assault by some in government.The initial proposals would have made education unaffordable for many by taxing tuition waivers for graduate students and ending deductions for student loan interest. Thankfully,these provisions were ultimately stripped from the bill,but lawmakers let stand a new tax on the investment income of some colleges and universities.

While these attacks are motivated by misguided ideas,we need to do a better job of explaining why these claims are false and why what we do is valuable.We cannot take for granted that any of this is obvious.

It is often said that elite colleges and universities do not trainstudents,particularly those who study the liberal arts,for the workforce.But this can be refuted by scholarly research.The data are clear:a liberal arts education is great career preparation,both for excellent lifetime earnings and for satisfaction with the work.This education develops the skills of critical thinking,rigorous analysis of data and facts,communication with the written and spokenword,understanding of cultural differences and issues,and the ability to keep learning.In fact,liberal arts graduates do extremely well in every imaginable field.

Access to an education at selective colleges and universities is now more available than ever to low-and  middle-income families.We have built endowments from donations by alumni(校友)and parents who understand and  appreciate our mission to provide access and opportunity,and a significant portion of there turns from these endowments is used to fund financial aid.

Ironically,the new tax on endowmentsdrains financial aid funds from the very schools most able to offer opportunity to those who have earmed a spot but cannot otherwise afford this education.Beyond the virtue of access to those who have earned a place at these schools,the diversity of economic backgrounds enhances theeducation and experience of all of our students.

46.What fact does the author emphasize concerning selective colleges and universities? 

A)They havebeen ignoring the training of graduates for the world of work.

B)They have been doing well in ensuring their students a successful future.  

C)They have been constantly attacked for being too eliteand too expensive. 

D)They have been actively engaged in civic life beyond the school campus.

47.What does the author say in arguing for the model of education in the U.S.?

A)It has contributed substantially to the nation'soverall development.

B)It has succeeded in maintaining sustainable financial aid programs. 

C)It has given priority to innovative programs for graduate studies.

D)It has played a central role in atracting international applicants.

48.What do we learn about the initial proposals concerning the recent tax reform bill?

A)They would have stripped many students of life's chances.

B)They would have deducted graduate student loan interest.

C)They would have added to many students'financial burden.

D)They would have increased the number of tuition waivers.

49.What do the data show about elite colleges and universities?

A)Their graduateslack the rigor required for doing statistical analysis.

B)Their students prove to be inadequately prepared fortheir future careers.

C)Their focus on research is conducive to developing students'critical thinking

D)Their liberal arts education enables graduatesto excel in whatever field they are in.

50.What is an advantage of providing financial aid for students?

A)Every student can choose the institution they wish to attend.

B)All students can benefit from a diversified student population.

C)All students will be able to earm aplace on university campus.

D)Less privileged students will be more competitive at elite schools.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage

When a group of Australians was asked why they believed climate change was not happening,about 36% said it was“common sense”,according to a report published last year by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial  Research Organization.This was the most popular reason for their opinion,with only 11% saying their belief  that climate change was not happening was based on scientific research.

But what do we mean by an appeal to common sense?Presumably it's anappeal to rationality of some sort that forms the basis of more complex reasoning.The appeal to common sense,however,is usually nothing more than an appeal to thinking that just feels right,but what feels right to one person may not feel right to another.Whether it feels right is usually a reflection of the world view and ideologies we have internalised,and that frames how we interact with new ideas.When new ideas are in accord with what we already believe,they are more readily accepted.When they are not,they,and the arguments that lead to them,are more readily rejected

We often mistake this automatic compatibility testing of new ideas with existing beliefs as an application of common sense,but,in reality,it is more about judging than thinking.As Nobelist Daniel Kahneman notes in Thinking,Fast and Slow,when we arrive at conclusions in this way,the outcomes also feel true,regardless of whether theyare.Weare not psychologically well equipped to judge our own thinking.

We are also highly susceptible to a range of cognitive biases such as giving preference to the first things that come to mind when making decisions or giving weight to evidence.

One way we can check our internal biases and inconsistencies is through the social verification of knowledge,in which we test our ideas in a rigorous and systematic way to see if they make sense not just to us,but to other people.The outstanding example of this socially shared cognition is science.

That does not mean that individuals are not capable of excellent thinking,nor does it mean no individual is rational.But the extent to which individuals can do this on their own is a function of how well integrated they are with communities of systematic inquiry in the first place.You can't learn to think well by yourself.

In matters of science at least,those who valuetheir common senseover methodological, collaborative investigation imagine themselves to be more free in their thinking,unbound by involvement with the group,but in reality they are tightly bound by their capabilities and perspectives.We are smarter together than we are individually,and perhaps that's just common sense.

51.What does the author intend to show by citing the findings from the report published last year?

A)People seldomappeal to rationality in their thinking.

B)It is often the case that truth lies in the hands of afew.

C)Common sense and science are the two sides of a coin.

D)Few people know if climate change is really happening.

52.What is the appeal to common sense according to the author?

A)It is the basis for the internalisation of individuals'ideologies.

B)It is a series of conceptions formulated from complex reasoning.

C)It is collective wisdom that helps people interact with new ideas.

D)It is something subjective based on what one perceives to be right.

53.What does Daniel Kahneman think is the problem of testing newideas with existingbeliefs?

A)It may lead to incorrect judgment.

B)It makes no use of common sense.

C)It fails to correct mistakes through serious reasoning

D)It can produce psychologically unacceptable outcomes.

54.What can we do to be less susceptible to cognitive biases?

A)Give equal weight to evidence of both sides in a conflict.

B)Provide convincing examples in developing an argument.

C)Establish socially shared cognition via scientific methods.

D)Avoid inconsistencies when addressing controversial issues.

55.What message doesthe author try to convey at the end of the passage?

A)Multiple perspectives stimulate people'sinterest in exploring the unknown

B)Individuals can enhance their overall capabilities by interacting with others.

C)Individuals should think freely to break from the restrictions of common sense. 

D)Collaborative efforts can overcome individuals limitations in scientific inquiry.

26.A)【語義判斷】空格所在句大意是巴斯以美觀的建筑和有療養(yǎng)效果的溫泉而聞名,由此確定副詞A)aesthetically為答案。 

27.B)【語義判斷】此處意思是“在國王溫泉之上修建了羅馬浴場和神廟”。construct意為“建造,構(gòu)造” 符合句意,故答案為B)。

28.K)【語義判斷】空格所在句大意為:“盡管巴斯主要作為一座古羅馬風(fēng)和喬治王時代風(fēng)城市而出名,但在中間的幾個世紀里,有很多人為了泡溫泉來到這里?!眕rincipally 意為“主要地”,符合語境。由此確定K)為答案。

29.H)【語義判斷】空格所在句大意為“在中間的幾個世紀里,有很多人為了泡溫泉來到這里”。natural“天然的,非人為的”符合句意,故答案為H)。

30.J)【語義判斷】此處意為“雖然喬治王朝時期的人讓‘泡溫泉'或沐浴變成了一件很時髦的事,但這是因為前幾代人為此鋪了路”。previous表示“以前的,先前的”,符合語境,故答案為J)。

31.G)【語義判斷】空格所在句提到查理二世急需一位繼承人,但卻沒有兒子。legitimate“(小孩)合法婚姻所生的”符合句意,故答案為G)。

32.L)【語義判斷】前文提到,查理二世沒有兒子。空格所在句的意思是查理二世來到巴斯沐浴,希望溫泉的魔力能挽救現(xiàn)狀。remedy“補救,糾正”符合語境,故L)為答案。

33.I)【語義判斷】空格所在句講的是詹姆斯和瑪麗同樣極其需要一位男性繼承人,他們也因此來到了巴斯,不久之后就生下了一個兒子,這引發(fā)了許多關(guān)于誰才是這個孩子真正父親的陰謀論。offspring “后代,子女”符合語境,由此確定I)為答案。

34.E)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是:“安妮女王在1702年曾到訪巴斯,確立了其地位,于是全國人____這座城市?!眆lock作動詞有“涌入;聚集”之意,符合句意,故E)為答案。

35.F) 【語義判斷】此處意思為:“于2006年開業(yè)的新巴斯浴場將現(xiàn)代建筑和古代溫泉融為一體,即現(xiàn)在的新皇家浴場?!眎ncorporate與with搭配,構(gòu)成動詞短語,意為“與……融合”,符合語境,故答案為F)incorporates。

36.【定位】由題干中的children和won't eat their meals定位到文章E)段第三句。

E)【精析】細節(jié)辨認題。E)段第三句提到,一些島上的母親們抱怨孩子們拒絕進食。第四句說明了TD醫(yī)生的判斷,指出孩子們不肯吃飯的原因是母親們給他們吃一些廉價方便的包裝薯條,影響了孩子的食欲。題干是對E)段第三、四句信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的they are fed cheap junk food對應(yīng)原文中的they are feeding the children packaged chips which are cheap and convenient,故答案為E)。

37.【定位】由題干中的women who die from giving birth定位到B)段第三句。

B)【精析】細節(jié)推斷題。B)段第三句提到,盡管孟加拉國其他地區(qū)的兒童死亡率和孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率有所下降,但這些島嶼上的情況并非如此。由此可以推知,在這些島嶼上,產(chǎn)婦死亡率仍然較高。題干中的other parts of Bangladesh對應(yīng)原文中的the rest of the country,題干中的remains high可根據(jù)原文中maternal deathhave gone down in the rest of the country和this is not the case for the islands推知,故答案為B)。

38.【定位】由題干中的 can't afford 和 discounts offered定位到文章J)段最后一句。

J)【精析】細節(jié)歸納題。J)段定位句提到,盡管TD等組織與當(dāng)?shù)厮幍暧新?lián)系,可以向患者提供折扣,并確保使用最具性價比的品牌,但仍然有許多居民負擔(dān)不起。本段開頭第一句提到TD還面臨一些挑戰(zhàn),可知這是一個大問題。題干中的one big problemmany islanders have照應(yīng)J)段首句“TD still has a few major challenges.”,題干的剩余部分對應(yīng)最后一句的主要信息,題干是對兩處信息的歸納,故答案為J)。

39.【定位】由題干中的 virtual medical service、financially supported by 和nonprofit organizations定位到D)段第二句和第三句后半部分。

D)【精析】細節(jié)歸納題。D)段第二句指出,TD項目由該國的非營利組織資助,而第三句后半部分則 以某位醫(yī)生看診的事例說明,這種醫(yī)療服務(wù)是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播進行的遠程醫(yī)療咨詢。題干中的virtual medical service是對定位段第三句中l(wèi)ive-streamed和 remote medical consultations的概括,而financially supported則是對第二句中funded的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故答案為D)。

40.【定位】由題干中的with respect定位到文章K)段第二句。

K)【精析】細節(jié)歸納題。K)段定位句以島上居民的話語指出,TD項目的醫(yī)生尊重島民。下一句又補充指出,TD的醫(yī)生很有耐心。定位段的開頭還提到,TD項目的醫(yī)療咨詢受到了歡迎。K)是對定位段多處信息的概括歸納。題干中的with respect為原詞再現(xiàn),patience 對應(yīng)定位段第三句中的patient,welcome 對應(yīng)首句的popular,故答案為K)。

41.【定位】由題干中的health problems和get married and give birth early定位到F)段最后一句。

F)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。F)段定位句提到,早婚和早育在孟加拉國的這些地區(qū)十分普遍,而這也會導(dǎo)致健康問題較早出現(xiàn)。題干中的get married and give birth early是對原文中early marriage and young motherhood的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,題干中的 have health problems early是對原句中early onsetof health problems的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故答案為F)。

42.【定位】由題干中的weekly visits to the remote islands和temporary medical center定位到文章C)段第三句和第四句。

C)【精析】細節(jié)歸納題。C)段第三句指出,每周,TD項目的醫(yī)療人員都會乘船前往群島,第四句繼續(xù)指出,他們在島上網(wǎng)絡(luò)接收效果最好的地方搭建 臨時醫(yī)療中心。題干中的makeweekly visits to the remote islands是對第三句中evey week,TD's medical operators travel to the islands 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,題干中的temporary medical center對應(yīng)第四句中的makeshift medical center,故答案為C)。

43.【定位】由題干中的common diseases定位到文章G)段第三句。

G)【精析】細節(jié)推斷題。G)段第三句指出,TD項目的醫(yī)生可以開處方,診斷常見疾病,并將患者轉(zhuǎn)診給當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院的醫(yī)生。結(jié)合第二句的內(nèi)容“TD項目的醫(yī)生并不打算洽療需要醫(yī)生親自到場的嚴重疾病或狀況”可知,該項目主要提供遠程在線診斷和治療。題干中的common diseases對應(yīng)第三句中的common ailments, 題干中的online diagnoses and treatments可由第二句推知,故答案為G)。

44.【定位】由題干中的floods and land erosions定位到文章A)段最后一句的前半部分。

A)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。A)段定位句提到,它們 (they指代前文中提到的the remote river islands)是600多萬人的家園,由于洪水和侵蝕,這些人面臨著反復(fù)的流離失所。題干中的keep moving their homes是對原文中repeated displacement的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故答案為A)。

45.【定位】由題干中的womenislanders和their husbands定位到文章H)段第二、三句。

H)【精析】細節(jié)推斷題。H)段第二、三句指出,生活在島上的女性通常會向丈夫描述自己的病情,然 后丈夫們?nèi)ニ幏?,試著描述病情,然后帶著一些隨便開出的藥物回家。題干中的rely on their husbands to get some medicines 是對第二句describetheir illness to their husbands和第三句 “The husbands then go to the pharmacy...and return home with some random medicines.”的總結(jié)概括,題干中的 without diagnoses and prescriptions是第三句中return home with some random medicines的隱含之意,故答案為H)。

46.【定位】由題干中的selective colleges and universities定位到第一段。

B)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。文章第一段第二句提到,對這些擇優(yōu)錄取學(xué)生的大學(xué)的指責(zé)忽視了這樣一個事實:它們一直在為學(xué)生取得事業(yè)成功、積極參與公民生活、終身學(xué)習(xí)、了解世界以及周邊人做好準 備,由此看出,它們在確保學(xué)生未來取得成功方面表現(xiàn)良好。故答案為B)。

47.【定位】由題干中的the model of education in the U.S.定位到第二段。

A)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。文章第二段第三句提到,長期以來,美國這種教育模式在創(chuàng)造機會、推動經(jīng)濟增長和激勵創(chuàng)新方面發(fā)揮了重要作用,由此看出,它對國家全面發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻。故答案為A)。

48.【定位】由題干中的 initial proposals concerning the recent tax reform bill定位到第三段第三句。

C)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。文章第三段第三句指出,根據(jù)最初的提案,將對研究生學(xué)費減免征稅,并取消扣減學(xué)生貸款利息,這樣一來,許多學(xué)生將負擔(dān)不起教育開支。故答案為C)。

48.【定位】由題干中的initial proposals concerning the recent tax reform bill定位到第三段第三句。

C)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。文章第三段第三句指出,根據(jù)最初的提案,將對研究生學(xué)費減免征稅,并取消扣減學(xué)生貸款利息,這樣一來,許多學(xué)生將負擔(dān)不起教育開支。故答案為C)。

49.【定位】由題干中的data和elite colleges and universities定位到第五段。

D)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。第五段最后一句提到,事實上,文科畢業(yè)生在任何可以想象到的領(lǐng)域都做得非常好。故答案為D)。

50.【定位】由題干中的advantage和 financial aid定位到最后一段。

B)【精析】推理判斷題。最后一段指出,除了讓已經(jīng)在這些學(xué)校獲得一席之地的學(xué)生有機會接受到這 種教育外,經(jīng)濟背景的多樣化也提高了所有學(xué)生的受教育水平,豐富了他們的經(jīng)驗。由第六段可知,在當(dāng)前教育模式下,來自校友和家長的捐贈基金使中低收入家庭的學(xué)生能夠更容易進入擇優(yōu)錄取學(xué)生的大學(xué)。由此可知,這種教育模式使學(xué)生多元化,所有學(xué)生都能從中受益。故答案為B)。

51.【定位】由題干中的the reportpublished last year定位到第一段。

A)【精析】推理判斷題。文章第一段指出,當(dāng)一組澳大利亞人被問及為什么相信氣候變化沒有發(fā)生時,大約36%的人稱這是“常識”,而只有11%的人認為這是基于科學(xué)研究得出的結(jié)論,由此可知只有少數(shù)人會將一些現(xiàn)象和問題用科學(xué)來解釋; 同時結(jié)合第二段前兩句話可知,訴諸常識其實是在呼吁某種理性,這恰恰說明實際上人們是缺乏理性思考的。故答案為A)。

52.【定位】由題干中的the appeal to common sense定位到第二段第三句。

D)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。文章第二段第三句提到,通常來講,訴諸常識不過是訴諸那些感覺上認為正確的想法,但一個人感覺正確的想法在另一個人眼中可能并非如此,說明這種訴諸常識的做法其實是帶有主觀色彩的,它基于一個人自己所認為正確的想法。故答案為D)。

53.【定位】由題干中的Daniel Kahneman和testing newideas with existing beliefs定位到第三段第一、二句。

A)【精析】推理判斷題。文章第三段第一句指出,我們經(jīng)常誤以為這種將新想法與現(xiàn)有信念自動兼容的測試是對常識的應(yīng)用,但實際上這更多的是判斷而非思考。第二句接著說,丹尼爾·卡尼曼在其著作中表示,當(dāng)我們以這種方式得出結(jié)論時,不管它們是否的確真實,我們心里也會感覺是真實的,由此可知,這種方式有可能會導(dǎo)致不正確的判斷。故答案為A)。

54.【定位】由題干中的susceptible和cognitive biases定位到第四段并讀至第五段。

C) 【精析】事實細節(jié)題。文章第五段提到,對知識進行社會驗證是我們可以檢查自己內(nèi)在偏見和不一致的一個方法,科學(xué)是這種社會共享認知的范例,說明要通過科學(xué)方法來建立社會共享的認知,故答案為C)。

55.【定位】由題干中的at the end of the passage定位到最后一段。

D)【精析】事實細節(jié)題。文章最后一段指出,至少在科學(xué)問題上,那些把常識看得比有方法的合作調(diào) 查更重要的人以為自己在思考上更加自由,但實際上卻被自己的能力和觀點所束縛,而眾人協(xié)力合作會比個人行動更聰明,可以看出協(xié)作能夠克服個人在科學(xué)探索中可能存在的不足。故答案為D)。

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