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2020年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案(一)

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2024年09月10日

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英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題,不僅強(qiáng)化詞匯與句型理解,更提升閱讀速度與綜合分析能力。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,讓考生熟悉題型變化,掌握解題技巧,是沖刺六級(jí)高分不可或缺的寶貴資源。今天,小編將分享2020年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案(卷一)相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望能為大家提供幫助!

Section A

Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The idea of taxing things that are bad for society has a powerful allure.It offers the possibility of a double benefit  26  harmful activities,while also providing the government with revenue.

Take sin taxes.Taxes on alcohol make it more expensive to get drunk,which reduces excessive drinking and  27  driving.At the same time,they provide state and local governments with billions of dollars of revenue.Tobacco taxes,which generate more than twice as much,have proven  28  in the decline of smoking,which has saved millions of lives.

Taxes can also be an important tool for environmental protection,and many economists say taxing carbon would be the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Economic theory says that unlike income or sales taxes,carbon taxes can actually increase economic efficiency;because companies that  29  carbon dioxide into the sky don't pay the costs of the climate change they cause,carbon taxes would restore the proper  30  to the market

In reality,carbon taxes alone won't be enough to halt global warming,but they would be a useful part of any climate plan.What's more,the revenue from this tax,which would  31  be hundreds of billions of dollars per year,could be handed out to citizens as a  32  or used to fund green infrastructure projects

Similarly,a wealth tax has been put forward as a way to reduce inequality while raising revenue.The revenue from this tax,which some experts  33  will be over $4 trillion per decade,would be designated for housing,child care,health care and other government benefits.If you believe,as many do,that wealth inequality is  34  bad,then these taxes improve society while also  35  government coffers(金庫(kù)).

A)discouraging

B)dividend

C)emotional 

D)fragments

E)impaired

F)imprisoned 

G)incentives               

H)inherently

I)initially

J)instrumental

K)merging

L)predict

M)probably

N)pump

O)swelling

Section B

Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Challenges for Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

A)A group of corn farmers stands huddled around an agronomist(農(nóng)學(xué)家)and his computer on the side of an irrigation machine in central South Africa.The agronomist hasjust flown over the field with a hybrid unmanned  aerial vehicle (UAV)that takes off and lands using propellers yet maintains distance and speed for scanning vast hectares of land through the use of its fixed wings.

B)The UAV is fitted with a four spectral band precision sensor that conducts onboard processing immediately after the flight,allowing farmers and field staff to address,almost immediately,any crop abnormalities that the sensor may have recorded,making the data collection truly real-time.

C)In this instance,the farmers and agronomist are looking to specialized software to give them an accurate plant population count.It's been 10 days since the corn emerged and the farmer wants to determine if there are any parts of the field that require replanting due to a lack of emergence or wind damage,which can be severe in the early stages of the summer rainy season.

D)At this growth stage of the plant's development,the farmer has another 10 days to conduct any replanting before the majority of his fertilizer and chemical applications need to occur.Once these have been applied,it becomes economically unviable to take corrective action,making any further collected data historical and useful only to inform future practices for the season to come.

E)The software completes its processing in under 15 minutes producing a plant population count map.It's difficult to grasp just how impressive this is,without understanding that just over a year ago it would have taken three to five days to process the exact same data set,illustrating the advancements that have been achieved in precision agriculture and remote sensing in recent years. With the software having been developed in the United States on the same variety of crops in seemingly similar conditions,the agronomist feels confident that the software will produce a near accurate result

F)As the map appears on the screen,the agronomist's face begins to drop.Having walked through the planted rows before the flight to gain a physical understanding of the situation on the ground, he knows the instant he sees the data on his screen that the plant count is not correct,and so do the farmers,even with their limited understanding of how to read remote sensing maps.

G)Hypothetically,it is possible for machines to learn to solve any problem on earth relating to the physical interaction of all things within a defined or contained environment by using artificial intelligence and machine learning.

H)Remote sensors enable algorithms(算法)to interpret a field's environment as statistical data that can be  understood and useful to farmers for decision-making.Algorithms process the data, adapting and learning based on the data received.The more inputs and statistical information collected,the better the algorithm will be at predicting a range of outcomes.And the aim is that farmers can use this artificial intelligence to achieve their goal of a better harvest through making better decisions in the field

I)In 2011,IBM,through its R&D Headquarters in Haifa,Israel,launched an agricultural cloud- computing project.The project,in collaboration with a number of specialized IT and agricultural partners,had one goal in mind—to take a variety of academic and physical data  sources from an agricultural environment and turn these into automatic predictive solutions for farmers that would assist them in making real-time decisions in the field.

J)Interviews with some of the IBM project team members at the time revealed that the team believed it was entirely possible to“algorithm”agriculture,meaning that algorithms could solve any problem in the world.Earlier that year,IBM's cognitive learning system,Watson,competed in the game Jeopardy against former winners Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings with astonishing results.Several years later,Watson went on to produce ground-breaking achievements in the field of medicine

K)So why did the project have such success in medicine but not agriculture?Because it is one of the most  difficult fields to contain for the purpose of statistical quantification.Even within a single  field,conditions are always changing from one section to the next.There's unpredictable weather changes in  soil quality,and the ever-present possibility that pests and diseases may pay a visit.Growers may feel their prospects are good for an upcoming harvest,but until that day arrives,the outcome will always be uncertain.

L)By comparison,our bodies are a contained environment.Agriculture takes place in nature,among ecosystems of interacting organisms and activity,and crop production takes place within that ecosystem environment.But these ecosystems are not contained.They are subject to climatic occurrences such as weather systems,which impact upon hemispheres as a whole,and from continent to continent.Therefore,understanding how to manage an agricultural environment means taking literally many hundreds if not thousands of factors into account.

M)What may occur with the same seed and fertilizer program in the United States'Midwest region is almost  certainly unrelated to what may occur with the same seed and fertilizer program in Australia or South Africa.A few factors that could impact on variation would typically include the measurement of rain per unit of a crop planted,soil type,patterns of soil degradation,daylight hours,temperature and so forth.

N)So the problem with deploying machine learning and artificial intelligence in agriculture is not that scientists lack the capacity to develop programs and protocols to begin to address the biggest of  growers'concerns;the problem is that in most cases,no two environments will be exactly alike,which makes the  testing,validation and successful rollout of such technologies much more laborious than in most other industries.

O)Practically,to say that AI and Machine Learning can be developed to solve all problems related to our physical environment is to basically say that we have a complete understanding of all aspects of the interaction of physical or material activity on the planet.After all,it is only through our understanding of‘the nature of  things’that protocols and processes are designed for the rational capabilities of cognitive systems to take place.And,although AI and Machine Learning are teaching us many things about how to understand our environment,we are still far from being able to predict critical outcomes in fields like agriculture purely through the cognitive ability of machines

P)Backed by the venture capital community,which is now investing billions of dollars in the sector, most  agricultural technology startups today are pushed to complete development as quickly as possible and then encouraged to flood the market as quickly as possible with their products.

Q)This usually results in a failure of a product,which leads to skepticism from the market and delivers a blow to the integrity of Machine Learning technology.In most cases,the problem is not that the technology does not work,the problem is that industry has not taken the time to respect that agriculture is one of the most uncontained environments to manage.For technology to truly make an impact on agriculture,more effort,skills,and funding is needed to test these technologies in farmers'fields.

R)There is huge potential for artificial intelligence and machine learning to revolutionize agriculture by integrating these technologies into critical markets on a global scale.Only then can it make a difference to the grower,where it really counts.

36.Farmers will not profit from replanting once they have applied most of the fertilizer and other chemicals to their fields.

37.Agriculture differs from the medical  science of the human body in that its environment is not a contained  one.

38.The agronomist is sure that he will obtain a near accurate count of plant population with his software.

39.The application of artificial intelligence to agriculture is much more challenging than to most other industries.

40.Even the farmers know the data provided by the UAV is not correct.

41.The pressure for quick results leads to product failure,which,in turn,arouses doubts about the applicability of AI technology to agriculture.

42.Remote sensors are aimed to help farmers improve decision-making to increase yields.

43.The farmer expects the software to tell him whether he will have to replant any parts of his farm fields.

44.Agriculture proves very difficult to quantify because of the constantly changing conditions involved.

45.The same seed and fertilizer program may yield completely different outcomes in different places.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

What is the place of art in a culture of inattention?Recent visitors to the Louvre report that tourists can now spend only a minute in front of the Mona Lisa before being asked to move on.Much of that time,for some of them,is spent taking photographs not even of the painting but ofthemselves with the painting in the background.

One view is that we have democratised tourism and gallery-going so much that we have made it effectively  impossible to appreciate what we've travelled to see.In this oversubscribed society experience becomes a commodity like any other.There are queues to climb Mt.Jolmo Lungma as well as to see famous  paintings.Leisure,thus conceived,is hard labour,and returning to work becomes a well-earned break from the ordeal.

What gets lost in this industrialised haste is the quality of looking.Consider an extreme example,the late philosopher Richard Wollheim.When he visited the Louvre he could spent as much as four hours siting before a painting.The first hour,he claimed,was necessary for misperceptions to be eliminated.It was only then that the picture would begin to disclose itself.This seems unthinkable today,but it is still possible to organise.Even in the busiest museums there are many rooms and many pictures worth hours of contemplation which the crowds largely ignore.Sometimes the largest crowds are partly the products of bad management;the Mona Lisa is such a hurried experience today partly because the museum is being reorganised.The Uffizi in Florence,another site of cultural pilgrimage, has cut its entry queues down to seven minutes by clever management.And there are some forms of art,those designed to be spectacles as well as objects of contemplation,which can work perfectly well in the face of huge crowds.

Olafur Eliasson's current Tate Modern show,for instance,might seem nothing more than an entertainment,overrun  as it is with kids romping(喧鬧地玩耍)in fog rooms and spray mist installations.But it's more than that:where Eliasson is at his most entertaining,he is at his most serious too,and his disorienting installations bring home the reality of the destructive effects we are having on the planet—not least what we are doing to the glaciers of Eliasson's beloved Iceland.

Marcel Proust,another lover of the Louvre,wrote:“It is only through art that we can escape from ourselves and know how another person sees the universe,whose landscapes would otherwise have remained as unknown as any on the moon.”If any art remains worth seeing,it must lead us to such escapes.But a minute in front of a painting in a hurried crowd won't do that.

46.What does the scene at the Louvre demonstrate according to the author? 

A)The enormous appeal of a great piece of artistic work to tourists.

B)The near impossibility of appreciating art in an age of mass tourism.

C)The ever-growing commercial value of long-cherished artistic works.    

D)The real difficulty in gtting a glimpse at a masterpiece amid a crowd

47.Why did the late philosopher Richard Wollheim spend four hours before a picture?

A)It takes time to appreciate a piece of art fully.

B)It is quite common to misinterpret artistic works.

C)The longer people contemplate a picture,the more likely they will enjoy it.   

D)The more time one spends before a painting,the more valuable one finds it.

48.What does the case of the Uffizi in Florence show?

A)Art works in museums should be better taken care of.

B)Sites of cultural pilgrimage are always flooded with visitors.

C)Good management is key to handling large crowds of visitors.

D)Large crowds of visitors cause management problems for museums.

49.What do we learn from Olafur Eliasson's current Tate Modern show?

A)Children learn to appreciate art works most effectively while they are playing. 

B)It is possible to combine entertainment with appreciation of serious art

C)Art works about the environment appeal most to young children.

D)Some forms of art can accommodate huge crowds ofvisitors

50.What can art do according to Marcel Proust? 

A)Enable us to live a much fuller life.

B)Allow us to escape the harsh reality.

C)Help us to see the world from a different perspective.

D)Urge us to explore the unknown domain of the universe.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Every five years,the government tries to tell Americans what to put in their bellies.Eat more vegetables.Dial back the fats.It's all based on the best available science for leading a healthy life.But the best available science also has a lot to say about what those food choices do to the environment and some researchers are annoyed that new dietary recommendations of the USDA (United States Department ofAgriculture)released yesterday seem to utterly ignore that fact.

Broadly,the 2016-2020 dietary recommendations aim for balance:More vegetables,leaner meatsand far less sugar.

But Americans consume more calories per capita than almost any other country in the world.So the things Americans eat have a huge impact on climate change.Soil tlling releases carbon dioxide, and delivery vehicles emit exhaust.The government's dietary guidelines could have done a lot to lower that climate cost.Not just because of their position of authority:The guidelines drive billions of dollars of food production through federal programs like school lunches and nutrition assistance for the needy.

On its own,plant and animal agriculture contributes 9 percent of all the country's greenhouse gas emissions.That's not counting the  fuel burned in transportation,processing,refrigeration,and other waypoints between farm and belly.Red meats are among the biggest and most notorious emitters,but trucking a salad from California to Minnesota in January also carries a  significant burden.And greenhouse gas emissions aren't the whole story.Food production is the largest user of fresh water largest contributor to the loss of biodiversity,and a major contributor to using up natural resources.

All of these points and more showed up in the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee's scientific report,released last February.Miriam Nelson chaired the subcommittee in charge of sustainability for the report,and is disappointed that eating less meat and buying local food aren't in the final product.“Especially if you consider that eating less meat,especially red and processed,has health benefits,”she says.

So what happened?The official response is that sustainability falls too far outside the guidelines' official scope,which is to provide“nutritional and dietary information.”

Possibly the agencies in charge of drafting the decisions are too close to the industries they are supposed to regulate.On one hand,the USDA is compiling dietary advice.On the other,their clients are US agriculture companies.

The line about keeping the guidelines'scope to nutrition and diet doesn't ring quite right with researchers.David Wallinga,for example,says,“In previous guidelines,they've always been concerned with things  like food security—which is presumably the mission of the USDA.You absolutely need to be worried about climate impacts and future sustainability if you want secure food in the future.”

51.Why are some researchers iritated at the USDA's 2016-2020 Dietary Guidelines? 

A)It ignores the harmful effect of red meat and processed food on health.

B)Too much emphasis is given to eating less meat and buying local food. 

C)The dietary recommendations are not based on medical science.

D)It takes no notice of the potential impact on the environment.

52.Why does the author say the USDA could have contributed a lot to lowering the climate cost through its dietary guidelines?

A)It has the capacity and the financial resources to do so.

B)Its researchers have already submitted relevant proposals.

C)Its agencies in charge of drafting the guidelines have the expertise.  

D)It can raise students'environmental awareness through its programs.

53.What do we leam from the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee's scientific report?

A)Food is easily contaminated from farm to belly.   

B)Greenhouse effect is an issue still under debate.   

C)Modern agriculture has increased food diversity.   

D)Farming consumes most of our natural resources.

54.What may account for the neglect of sustainability in the USDA's Dietary Guidelines according to the author?

A)Its exclusive concern with Americans'food safety. 

B)Its sole responsibility for providing dietary advice. 

C)Its close ties with the agriculture companies.

D)Its alleged failure to regulate the industries.

55.What should the USDA do to achieve food security according to David Wallinga?

A)Give top priority to things like nutrition and food security.

B)Endeavor to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture. 

C)Fulfill its mission by closely cooperating with the industries.

D)Study the long-term impact of climate change on food production.

26.答案:A)discouraging

解析:空格前文提到,“對(duì)有害社會(huì)的事物征稅”具有強(qiáng)大的誘惑力,提供了“雙重收益”的可能。破折號(hào)引出對(duì)“雙重收益”的解釋說(shuō)明。_____harmful activities應(yīng)與providing the government with revenue語(yǔ) 義同向,體現(xiàn)正面、積極的作用,故空格詞應(yīng)表“ 抑制/消除/控制”等,A符合文意。

27.答案:E)impaired

解析:本題的解題思路有二:一、從句內(nèi)邏輯來(lái)看,“減少過(guò)量飲酒和_____駕駛”為“喝醉成本提高”的結(jié)果,結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,醉酒行為越少,危險(xiǎn)/醉酒駕車幾率越低;二、從段際關(guān)系來(lái)看,第二段①句提出以 “罪惡稅”為例論證首段(對(duì)有害社會(huì)的事物征稅的雙重益處),③句指出酒稅帶來(lái)財(cái)政收入。②句應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)酒稅“抑制有害活動(dòng)”的效果。綜上可知,空格詞應(yīng)意為“危險(xiǎn)的/有害的/醉酒的”等,impaired driving為固定搭配,意為“危險(xiǎn)駕駛,不清醒駕駛(尤指醉駕)”,E正確。D)fragments、G)incentives似乎是動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù),符合“確定詞性”的第二種情形。但fragments和driving語(yǔ)義上明顯無(wú)法搭配,先排除。incentives似乎能體現(xiàn)“減少酒駕,改善駕駛”,有一定干擾,但進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn):incentive只能用作名詞(刺激、激勵(lì))或形容詞 (刺激的),沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞義項(xiàng),而且“刺激、激勵(lì)駕駛”并不等于“改善駕駛”,也可排除。

28.答案:J)instrumental

解析:空格句指出,煙稅帶來(lái)的財(cái)政收入超過(guò)酒稅的兩倍,已經(jīng)(被)證實(shí)在減少吸煙上_____(_____in the decline of smoking),這拯救了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命??崭袼诓糠忠环矫鎽?yīng)體現(xiàn)“拯救數(shù)百萬(wàn)人生命”的原因,另一方面應(yīng)呼應(yīng)首段“抑制有害活動(dòng)”,故空格詞應(yīng)表示“(在減少吸煙方面)起作用/有幫助”等,J正確。

29.答案:N)pump

解析:空29所在從句(because...)聚焦這類公司  (companies);將二氧化碳_____空中,造成氣侯變化。顯然空格詞應(yīng)表示“ 排放/輸出(二氧化碳)”。再看整句邏輯:一直以來(lái)排碳者不為自己的行為買單(因此市場(chǎng)缺乏激勵(lì)),現(xiàn)在碳稅(讓排碳者為自己的行為買單,所以)將恢復(fù)對(duì)市場(chǎng)的恰當(dāng)刺激(從而提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效率)。因果關(guān)系完全成立,確認(rèn)N正確。

30.答案:G)incentives

解析:空格句前一分句指出,碳稅能提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效率。后一分句指出,由于將二氧化碳  29  空中的公司一直未為自己造成的氣侯變化買單,所以碳稅將恢復(fù)對(duì)市場(chǎng)的正當(dāng)  30  。借助分號(hào)作用和語(yǔ)義邏輯可知:分號(hào)前后兩分句為“概說(shuō)—解釋”關(guān)系;分號(hào)之后語(yǔ)義重點(diǎn)在主句,即“恢復(fù)對(duì)市場(chǎng)的正當(dāng)  30  ”應(yīng)與“提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效率”同向,空30應(yīng)表“促進(jìn)/激勵(lì)/改善”等 ,G正確。

31.答案:M)probably

解析:which從句指出,碳稅帶來(lái)的財(cái)政收入每年_____達(dá)數(shù)千億美元,強(qiáng)調(diào)“稅收潛力巨大/現(xiàn)有量龐大”,故空格詞應(yīng)表示“可能/實(shí)際/通?!钡龋琾robably正確。initially作為備選項(xiàng)中另一副詞有一定干擾,但此處若強(qiáng)調(diào)“起初,最初”,下文必會(huì)提及后來(lái)的變化,而實(shí)際上并未提及,故排除。

32.答案:B)dividend

解析:空格句句首What's more表明,該句承接上句所述的碳稅價(jià)值,繼續(xù)說(shuō)明碳稅的其他用途;該項(xiàng)收入數(shù)額巨大,可作為_(kāi)____分發(fā)給市民,或用于資助綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目?!癬____ 分發(fā)給市民”和“資助綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目”應(yīng)為兩項(xiàng)并列的碳規(guī)收入用途,結(jié)合受益者身份“市民”可知,空32應(yīng)為“福利/紅利”等,B 正確。

33.答案:L)predict

解析:空格所在的which從句指出,財(cái)產(chǎn)稅收入將超4萬(wàn)億美元/10年,will表明這是對(duì)未來(lái)數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)測(cè),some experts為常見(jiàn)的預(yù)測(cè)者,聯(lián)系可知,空格詞應(yīng)表“ 預(yù)測(cè)/推斷/估計(jì)”等,L正確。

34.答案:H)inherently 

解析:末段①句“同樣,財(cái)產(chǎn)稅的提出也是為了在減少不平等的同時(shí)增加財(cái)政收入”表明,財(cái)產(chǎn)稅被視為前文所述酒稅、煙稅、碳稅的同類。②句具體說(shuō)明財(cái)產(chǎn)稅如何增加財(cái)政稅收,減少不平等??崭窬?③句) 指出,如果認(rèn)為財(cái)富不平等  34  有害,那么財(cái)產(chǎn)稅在改善杜會(huì)的同時(shí)也  35  政府的金庫(kù)??梢?jiàn),空格句承上總結(jié)財(cái)產(chǎn)稅的作用(抑制有害活動(dòng)、增加政府收入)???4指向財(cái)富不平等“有害社會(huì)”的本質(zhì),即“本質(zhì)上/根本上/內(nèi)在地(有害)”.H正確

35.答案:O)swelling

解析:“空35應(yīng)表“擴(kuò)充/增加( 政府的金庫(kù)/財(cái)政收入)”.O正確。

36.[答案]D  

[精解]D段①②句明確補(bǔ)種時(shí)機(jī):一旦施用了大部分肥料和化學(xué)品,再進(jìn)行補(bǔ)種在經(jīng)濟(jì)上便不可行了。②句中的these回指①句中的the majority of his fertilizer and chemical...,take corrective action呼應(yīng)①句中的conduct...replanti ng,試題是對(duì)該句信息的同義改寫(xiě)。

37.[答案]L  

[精解]L段前三句對(duì)比醫(yī)藥與農(nóng)業(yè),強(qiáng)調(diào)后者環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)“不受控制的”。試題是對(duì)二者區(qū)別的概括,differs from體現(xiàn)了①句By comparison、③句But所體現(xiàn)的比較之意;medical science明確了①句our bodies(呼應(yīng)上段medicinc)所暗指的對(duì)象。

38.[答案]E  

[精解]E段描述專業(yè)軟件的性能,其中③句表明農(nóng)學(xué)家對(duì)其軟件性能的信心:(由于軟件開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)所使用的作物品種及實(shí)驗(yàn)條件均相同/似)該軟件將會(huì)得出近乎精確的結(jié)果。試題是對(duì)該句信息的同義改寫(xiě),a near accurate count of plant population 對(duì)應(yīng)a near accurate result(result指代該段首句a plant population count map)。

39.[答案]N  

[精解 ]N段明確在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用人工智能的問(wèn)題所在:人工智能技術(shù)的實(shí)測(cè)、驗(yàn)證和上市都遠(yuǎn)比其他大多數(shù)行業(yè)耗時(shí)費(fèi)力。試題是對(duì)該內(nèi)容的概括,application對(duì)應(yīng)deploying。

40.[答案]F  

[精解]F段②句揭示專業(yè)軟件所得結(jié)果:一看到屏幕上的數(shù)據(jù),農(nóng)學(xué)家立馬知道植株數(shù)量不對(duì);種植戶也發(fā)現(xiàn)不對(duì),雖然他們對(duì)如何解讀遙感地圖了解有限。試題是對(duì)該句信息的整合概括,Even對(duì)應(yīng)原文even with their limited understanding of how to read remote sensing maps,強(qiáng)調(diào)“計(jì)算結(jié)果錯(cuò)誤過(guò)于明顯連身為非專業(yè)人士的種植戶都能看出來(lái)”。

41.[答案]Q  

[精解]Q段①句順承上文內(nèi)容指出一味道求速見(jiàn)成效的后果:產(chǎn)品失敗,市場(chǎng)對(duì)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的適用性產(chǎn)生懷疑。試題是對(duì)該句的同義改寫(xiě),句中This回指上段所述“一味求快”的行業(yè)亂象,The pressure for quick results是對(duì)此內(nèi)容的概括。

42.[答案]H 

[精解]H段介紹遙感器在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的潛能,其中④句指出使用遙感器的目的/作用;讓種植戶能夠利用這種人工智能在田間做出更好的決策,從而達(dá)到增加收成的目的。試題是對(duì)該句信息的整合,are aimed to help farmers...同義改寫(xiě) the aim is that farmers can....

43.[答案]C  

[精解]C段說(shuō)明種植戶對(duì)專業(yè)軟件效用的期待,①句提出期待“專業(yè)軟件提供準(zhǔn)確的植林?jǐn)?shù)量”,②句解釋說(shuō)明期待“由此確定是否有田塊需補(bǔ)種”。試題是對(duì)兩句信息的提煉,expects對(duì)應(yīng)are looking to,tell him  whether...對(duì)應(yīng)determine  if...。

44.[答案]K  

[精解]K段②句指出農(nóng)業(yè)是最難統(tǒng)計(jì)量化的領(lǐng)城之一,③句以“即使是在同一片農(nóng)田內(nèi)部,每個(gè)地段的環(huán)境條件都在時(shí)刻發(fā)生變化”凸顯農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境“變化莫測(cè)”的特點(diǎn),說(shuō)明其量化難度之大。試題是對(duì)兩句大意的概括,because of是對(duì)兩句間暗含因果關(guān)聯(lián)的明確。

45.[答案]M  

[精解]M段①句指出一項(xiàng)播種和施肥計(jì)劃在美國(guó)中西部的效果與其在澳大利亞、南非等地的效果互不相干,即同樣的計(jì)劃可能在不同地區(qū)產(chǎn)生完全不同的效果。試題是對(duì)該句大意的概括,completely different明確unrelated的內(nèi)涵,outeomes 改寫(xiě)What may occur。

46.[定位]本題考查“盧浮宮的景象”的本質(zhì)。由the Louvre定位至首段。

[答案解析]B。該段②③句描述盧浮宮內(nèi)的場(chǎng)景:盧浮宮要求參觀者只能在《蒙娜麗莎》前停留一分鐘,而在這寶貴的一分鐘中,很多游客只顧著拍照,而且是以畫(huà)像為背景給自己拍照,并非把畫(huà)作拍下來(lái)。第二段  ①句作者對(duì)這種場(chǎng)景作出評(píng)價(jià)。我們現(xiàn)在將旅游和觀展變得太過(guò)普及,以至于根本無(wú)法欣賞奔波前往觀看的  作品,即在大眾旅游時(shí)代欣賞藝術(shù)愈發(fā)困難,可見(jiàn)B正確。該項(xiàng)The near impossibility同義轉(zhuǎn)述 effectively impossible,an age of mass tourism 概括we have  democratised tourism...so much所展現(xiàn)的時(shí)代特點(diǎn)。

47.[定位]本題考查“Wollheim長(zhǎng)時(shí)間欣賞畫(huà)作”的原因。由RichardWollheim定位至第三段②至⑤句。

[答案解析]A。第三段②句首先明確Wollheim的事例為極端例子(就此追溯至①句觀點(diǎn)句“工業(yè)化的倉(cāng)促和快旅游風(fēng)尚使旅游及觀展品質(zhì)降低”,并判斷②句Wollheim事例意在以過(guò)去情形之“慢”凸顯當(dāng)今情形之“快”),③句進(jìn)而描述事例本身“Wollheim會(huì)在畫(huà)作前停留四個(gè)小時(shí)之久”,④⑤句接著援引Wollheim本人話語(yǔ)說(shuō)明原因:第一個(gè)小時(shí)是為消除誤解,后面三個(gè)小時(shí)才開(kāi)始逐漸領(lǐng)悟畫(huà)作真諦。A正確。

48.[定位]本題考查“鳥(niǎo)菲茲美術(shù)館事例”的寫(xiě)作目的,可定位至第三段⑨句(并追溯至⑥句觀點(diǎn)句)。

[答案解析]C。第三段⑥句指出“Wollheim 式的深度參觀(即長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停留欣賞畫(huà)作以領(lǐng)悟其真諦)可通過(guò)組織管理來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)”,①⑧句指出“博物館人滿為患、資源配置不當(dāng)、游客倉(cāng)促參觀的原因是管理不善或正處修整期”,⑨句介紹烏菲茲美術(shù)館做法“通過(guò)巧妙的管理極大地縮短了入場(chǎng)排隊(duì)時(shí)間”。綜合可知,文章提及鳥(niǎo)菲茲美術(shù)館的事例是為了說(shuō)明“良好的管理可應(yīng)對(duì)大批游客,為其提供更多空間及時(shí)間來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)深度參觀”,C正確。

49.[定位]本題考查“奧拉維爾 ·埃利亞松的展覽”的相關(guān)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié),可定位至第四段。

[答案解析]B。第四段先指出“埃利亞松的展覽看起來(lái)不過(guò)是一場(chǎng)娛樂(lè)活動(dòng),滿是嬉鬧的孩子”,后轉(zhuǎn)而指出“這次展覽不止于此,埃利亞松娛樂(lè)大眾,也給人以嚴(yán)肅之感,整個(gè)展覽意在警示人類行為對(duì)環(huán)境的影響”。綜合可知,該展覽表明“娛樂(lè)消遣和欣賞嚴(yán)肅藝術(shù)可以很好地結(jié)合起來(lái)”,B正確。

50.[定位]本題考查馬塞爾·普魯斯特對(duì)于“藝術(shù)的作用”的觀點(diǎn),由Marcel Proust可定位至末段。

[答案解析]C。末段①句引用普魯斯特之言指出“唯有通過(guò)藝術(shù),我們才能超脫自我,了解他人如何看待天地萬(wàn)物”。由此可知,普魯斯特認(rèn)為“藝術(shù)可以幫助我們超越自身的固有認(rèn)知,從另一個(gè)角度看世界”,C正確。

51.[定位]本題考查一些研究者惱怒于美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的膳食指南的原因,根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞some

researchers irritated at the USDA's 2016-2020 Dietary Guidelines定位至第一段末句(..s.ome researchers are annoyed that new dietary recommendations of the USDA...)。

[答案解析]D。第一段末句指出,一些研究者惱怒的是美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的新版膳食建議似乎完全忽視了“食物選擇會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成諸多影響”這一事實(shí)(that fact的具體所指),故D正確。

52.[定位]本題考查作者的觀點(diǎn)。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Why...contributed a lot to lowering the climate cost 定位至第三段④⑤句(...could have donea lot to lower that climate cost.Not just because of...)。

[答案解析]A。第三段④句指出政府(USDA) 的膳食指南本可以為降低氣侯成本作出巨大貢獻(xiàn),⑤句進(jìn)而點(diǎn)明原因:這些指導(dǎo)方針不僅僅象征著權(quán)威,還可通過(guò)各種形式的聯(lián)邦計(jì)劃推動(dòng)數(shù)十億美元的糧食生產(chǎn)。由此可推斷,美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部不僅有能力(具有威望)、也有財(cái)力(享有財(cái)政資源)去降低氣候成本,A符合文意。

53.[定位]本題考查膳食指南咨詢委員會(huì)科學(xué)報(bào)告的具體內(nèi)容。由題干關(guān)鍵詞the Dietary Guidelines Advisory  Committee's scientific report 可初步定位至第五段首句,再根據(jù)首句中these points的回指功能最終鎮(zhèn)定第四段。

[答案解析]D。第四段末向指出,糧食生產(chǎn)是自然資源枯竭的主要原因,D中most of、consumes.. natural resources分別對(duì)應(yīng)句中major contributor、using up natural resources。

54.[定位]本題考查作者對(duì)“膳食指南為何忽略可持續(xù)性”的看法,由題干關(guān)鍵詞What may account for the neglect of sustainability定位至第六段及之后的內(nèi)容(So what happened?...sustainability falls toofar outside...)。

[答案解析]C。第七段①句中作者先概述指出,負(fù)責(zé)草擬膳食決議的官方機(jī)構(gòu)(USDA)與其本應(yīng)監(jiān)管的行業(yè)走得過(guò)近,后于③句明確本應(yīng)被監(jiān)管行業(yè)的具體所指“美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)公司”,可見(jiàn)C正確。

55.[定位]本題考查文中人物所提的建議。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞David Wallinga定位至第入段②③句。

[答案解析]B。第八段③句大衛(wèi)·沃林加指出,美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部若想在未來(lái)保障糧食安全,就必頻關(guān)注氣候影響和未來(lái)可持續(xù)性,意即美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部要想實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食安全,就必須考慮農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展/糧食生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)性,B正確。

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