英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題,不僅強(qiáng)化詞匯與句型理解,更提升閱讀速度與綜合分析能力。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,讓考生熟悉題型變化,掌握解題技巧,是沖刺六級(jí)高分不可或缺的寶貴資源。今天,小編將分享2019年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案(卷三)相關(guān)內(nèi)容,希望能為大家提供幫助!
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying— first it was your phone, then your cat, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre is it sounds, under certain 26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.
Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends— unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the participants’ phones 31 substituted for real friends.
At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own“ beliefs and 32 .”
So how do people assign trails to n object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans wide faces are 33 with dominance. Similarly, people rated curs, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant- looking than narrow- faced ones, and preferred them— especially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(護(hù)柵) that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a car's friendliness.
A) alleviate
B) apparently
C) arrogant
D) associated
E) circumstances
F) competitive
G) conceded
H) consciousness
I) desires
J) excluded
K) feature
L) lonely
M) separate
N) spectacularly
O) warrant
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information gi ven in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Why More Farmers Are Making The Switch to Grass- Fed Meat and Dairy
A) Though he didn't come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass- fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him. He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.
B) Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass- fed y ogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass- fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass- fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass- fed y ogurt and kefir(發(fā)酵乳飲品), on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total y ogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph's top priority became getting his hands on enough grass- fed milk to keep customers satisfied. since his own 64- cow her d wasn't going to suffice.
C) His first partnership was with Paul and Phylli s Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Amburghs, too, were true believer s in grass- fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85- head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass- fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass- fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.
D) All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began, with no end in sight.Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open- minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dair y farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up. tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass- fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland's natural seed bank, and fertilized by the cows' own fertilizer.
E) Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass- fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial(微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass- fed dair y and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.
F) In the grass- fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag- time it takes to add more cows to a her d to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass- fed is a safe refuge,a way for family- scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they' re doing is not working. That's when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individu al farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principle s of pasture management. Map le Hill signs a con tract pledging to buy the farmer's milk at a guaranteed base price. plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter- fat and other solids.
G) While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands- on and comprehensive, it's just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer- to- peer learning a core piece of the company's culture. Last summer, Massachusetts grass- fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass- fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he's received a steady st ream of inquiries from interested farmers.
H) Smith says he' ll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on- farm workshops on holistic(整體的) management, to one- on- one hand- holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above- market price for each animal and a calf- to- customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.
I) Though advocates port ray grass fed products as a win- win situation for all, they do have downsides.Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20% above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non- organic conventional yourt , consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass- fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass- fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass- fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%.
J) And not every farmer has the option of going grass- fed. For both beef and dairy production, it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass- fed beef production tends to be more labor- intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government com subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass- fed is the more cost- effective model.“ The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,” he says.
K) Another grass- fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat- based protein bars.Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they' re advocates of grass- fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC's most successful product— the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar— Collins and Forres t found they'd exhausted their sources for bison(北美野牛) raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bi son is actually grass- fed. The rest is feed- lot confined and fed grain and com.
L) But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin- based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5million worth of young bi son that will be raised according to its grass- fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is,“ You car Purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I'm guaranteeing you today you' ll have 1,000 bi son on it.' We' re bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,” Collin s explains.
36. Farmers going grass- fed are not affected by the ever- changing milk prices of the global market.
37. Over the years, Tim Joseph's partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass- fed.
38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost- effectiveness of grass- fed farming.
39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass- fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.
40. Tim Joseph's grass- fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.
41. Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.
42. One problem with grass- fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.
43. Grass- fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.
44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass- fed products fell short of demand.
45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass- fed bison meat was scarce.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A). B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Schools are not just a microcosm(縮影) of society: they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside— at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).
Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime — treks in Bomeo, a sports tour to Barbados— appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can't afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startling ly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better- off children can tap up rich er aunts and neighbours.
Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children's passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life's possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A- level tests . In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life- changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole- school fundraising, with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel com munity spirit.
But f3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over£30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pu ll their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.
The Department for Education's guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single- handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.
46. What does the author say best schools should do?
A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.
B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.
C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.
D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.
47. What does the author think about school field trips?
A) They enable students from different background s to mix with each other.
B) They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.
C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.
D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.
48. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?
A) Events aiming to improve community services.
B) Activities that help to fuel students' ingenuity.
C) Events that require mutual understanding.
D) Activities involving all students on campus.
49. What do we learn about low- income parents regarding school field trips?
A) They want their children to participate even though they don't see much benefit.
B) They don't want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.
C) They don't want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.
D) They want their children to experience adventures but they don't want them to run risks.
50. What is the author's expectation of schools?
A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity.
B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.
C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.
D) Giving poor students preferential treatment.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的) waters around the Antaretic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study. The study's report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world's last great wilderness,70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds.
Co- author Céline Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned:“ If there' re no actions aimed at halt ing or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human- induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may soon disappear.” The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic. Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill(磷蝦) population in Antaretic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins. But today's report is the starkest warning yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antaretic's delicate ecosystems.
Le Bohec said:“ Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins—1.1 million breeding pairs— will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100.” King penguins are the second- largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea. As the ocean warms,a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front— an upward movement of nutrient- rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life— is being pushed further south. This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and kill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer. And as the distance between their breeding, grounds and their fool prows, entire colonies could be wiped out.
Le Bohee said:“ The plight of the king penguin should serve as a war ning about the future of the entire marine environment in the Antarctic. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio- indicators of their ecosystems.” Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems. As such, they are key species for understanding and predict ing impacts of global change on Antaretic and sub- Antaretic marine ecosystems. The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce. Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.
51. What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?
A) King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.
B) Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antaretic.
C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antaretic wildemess.
D) The pristine waters around the Antaretic will disappear forever.
52. What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?
A) Shrinking kri ll population and rising temperatures could force Antaretic whales to migrate.
B) Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antaretic region in recent years.
C) Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antaretic species.
D) Kri ll fishing in the Antaretic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.
53. What does the passage say about king penguins?
A) They will turn out to be the second- largest species of birds to become extinct.
B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.
C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of kri ll in the Antaretic Polar Front.
D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.
54. What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?
A) Many baby king penguins can't have food in time.
B) Many king penguins could no longer live on krill.
C) Whales will invade king penguins' breeding grounds.
D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.
55. What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?
A) The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.
B) Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.
C) It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguin.
D) Only a few of its islands can serve as luge breeding grounds for king penguins.
26. E) circumstances
語(yǔ)義判斷: 前半句提到 even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, 表示讓步假設(shè), 由此可知,后半句是說(shuō)“在某些情況下,盡管聽起來(lái)很奇怪,人們還是會(huì)習(xí)慣性地將日常物品人格化”,故circumstances符合語(yǔ)境, under certain circumstances為固定短語(yǔ), 意為“在某些情況下”, 本題應(yīng)選E。
27. L) lonely
語(yǔ)義判斷:上一段結(jié)尾提到,盡管聽起來(lái)很奇怪,人們還是會(huì)習(xí)慣性地將日常物品人格化,本段對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋,由下文中提到的 loneliness可判斷,此處應(yīng)填 lonely,句意為“有時(shí)候,我們將物品人格化是因?yàn)槲覀儠?huì)感到孤獨(dú)”,故本題選L。
28. H) consciousness
語(yǔ)義判斷:此處說(shuō)在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,聲稱感到孤獨(dú)的人比其他人更有可能將……賦予各種電子設(shè)備,聯(lián)系上文中提到的人們將物品人格化是因?yàn)槿藗兏械焦陋?dú)。將備選名詞代入原文,只有 consciousness(意識(shí))符合語(yǔ)境,即“將意識(shí)賦予電子設(shè)備”, 和“將物品人格化”相對(duì)應(yīng),故本題選H。
29. A) alleviate
語(yǔ)義判斷:前文提到,人們往往會(huì)不自覺(jué)地將物品人格化,而這么做是因?yàn)槿藗児陋?dú),由此可知,此處是說(shuō),反過(guò)來(lái),感覺(jué)和物品親近會(huì)“緩解”孤獨(dú)感,備選項(xiàng)中只有 alleviate符合語(yǔ)境,故本題選A。
30. J) excluded
語(yǔ)義判斷:此處提到,當(dāng)大學(xué)生們想起以前在社交過(guò)程中??的時(shí)候,他們會(huì)通過(guò)夸大朋友的數(shù)量來(lái)進(jìn)行(心理上的)補(bǔ)償( they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends) , 由此可知, 前半句是說(shuō)他們受到排擠、被孤立的時(shí)候,故excluded符合語(yǔ)境,本題應(yīng)選J。
31. B) apparently
語(yǔ)義判斷:前文提到,他們會(huì)通過(guò)夸大朋友的數(shù)量來(lái)進(jìn)行心理上的補(bǔ)償——除非他們先被要求做一些與手機(jī)進(jìn)行互動(dòng)的任務(wù),他們要把手機(jī)當(dāng)作具有人類特性的物品。將兩個(gè)備選副詞代入原文,可知此處是說(shuō),手機(jī)“顯然”代替了真正的朋友,故本題選B。
32. I) desires
語(yǔ)義判斷:本段提到,我們將物品人格化是為了努力理解它們,一項(xiàng)研究表明,四分之三的調(diào)查對(duì)象會(huì)對(duì)著他們的電腦大喊大叫。將備選名詞代入原文,可知 desires可與beliefs構(gòu)成語(yǔ)義上的并列關(guān)系,即“信仰和渴求”,故本題應(yīng)選I。
33. D) associated
語(yǔ)義判斷:本段開頭以問(wèn)答的形式指出,人類在一定程度上靠物品的外表賦予物品人類特性,下文指出,人們常常會(huì)認(rèn)為那些有著“寬臉”的汽車、時(shí)鐘和手表比“窄臉”的看起來(lái)更加霸氣。將備選項(xiàng)代入原文,可知此處是說(shuō),人們常常將寬臉和支配性力量“聯(lián)系”在一起,be associated with為固定搭配,意為“與??聯(lián)系在一起”,故本題應(yīng)選D。
34. F) competitive
語(yǔ)義判斷:前面提到,人們常常會(huì)認(rèn)為那些有著“寬臉”的汽車、時(shí)鐘和手表比“窄臉”的看起來(lái)更加霸氣,也會(huì)更加青睞前者, 既然是“霸氣”,那么將備選形容詞代入原文,可判斷此處是說(shuō)“尤其是在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的情況下”,故本題應(yīng)選F。
35. K) feature
語(yǔ)義判斷:前文提到,一項(xiàng)對(duì)德國(guó)汽車銷量的分析表明, 那些護(hù)柵向上翹像是在“微笑”的汽車賣得最好。將兩個(gè)備選名詞代入原文,可知此處應(yīng)該是說(shuō),購(gòu)買者會(huì)覺(jué)得這個(gè)特點(diǎn)能增加汽車的“友善度”, 即 feature符合語(yǔ)境, 故本題選K。
36.答案: F
解析: 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息 are not affected和 the ever- changing milk prices of the global market。文章段落中論及農(nóng)民不受國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格波動(dòng)影響的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在F段。該段首句指出,在草飼系統(tǒng)中,農(nóng)民也不受國(guó)際商品市場(chǎng)牛奶價(jià)格劇烈波動(dòng)的影響。由此可見(jiàn),題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的 are not affected 對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 are not subject to; 題干中的 ever- changing對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 wildly fluctuating;題干中的 the global market對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 the international commodity market。
37.答案: C
解析: 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息 helped many dairy farmers和 switch to grass- fed。文章段落中論及蒂姆·約瑟夫的合作伙伴幫助其他奶農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐圆萘衔桂B(yǎng)奶牛的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在C段。該段最后一句話指出,自2010年以來(lái),這對(duì)夫婦已經(jīng)幫助了125家小型奶牛場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)型為草飼奶牛場(chǎng), 其中超過(guò)80%的奶牛場(chǎng)是在過(guò)去兩年中加入該行業(yè)的。該句中提到的“這對(duì)夫婦”指的是蒂姆·約瑟夫的第一個(gè)合作伙伴:保羅和菲利斯·阿姆伯格。由此可見(jiàn),題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的 many da iry farmers對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的125 small dairy farms; 題干中的 switch對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 convert; 題干中的 helped屬于原詞重現(xiàn)。
38.答案: J
解析: 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息 One advocate和 many other benefits。文章段落中論及倡導(dǎo)者提到應(yīng)該考慮草飼的諸多好處的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在J段。該段最后兩句話提到,史密斯反駁說(shuō),如果把政府對(duì)玉米的補(bǔ)貼、環(huán)境惡化、人類健康狀況惡化和動(dòng)物福祉下降的隱性成本考慮在內(nèi),草飼是更劃算的模式?!疤?yáng)能提供了最低的生產(chǎn)成本和最便宜的肉類,”他說(shuō)。原文G段中明確提到了史密斯是草飼牛肉倡導(dǎo)者,由此可知,作為草飼的倡導(dǎo)者, 史密斯認(rèn)為在評(píng)估草飼農(nóng)業(yè)的成本效益時(shí), 應(yīng)該考慮它的諸多益處,可見(jiàn), 題干是對(duì)原文J段的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的 taken into consideration對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 factor in; 題干中的 cost- effectiveness對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 cost- effective。
39.答案: D
解析: 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息 were persuaded和 advantage in terms of profits。文章段落中論及奶農(nóng)出于經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)的原因轉(zhuǎn)而使用草料飼養(yǎng)奶牛的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在D段。該段第二句和第三句提到, 約瑟夫明白了一個(gè)農(nóng)民必須要有一種特定的心態(tài)才能成功轉(zhuǎn)變。但從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度出發(fā)的話,說(shuō)服思想開明的乳品業(yè)人士其實(shí)并沒(méi)有那么難。隨后緊接著具體介紹了奶農(nóng)改為采用草飼的經(jīng)濟(jì)原因,包括草飼牛奶價(jià)格更高、谷物飼料價(jià)格上漲, 但是草飼不受飼料價(jià)格上漲的影響等。與此同時(shí), 該段第一句提到了奶農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)為采用草飼幫助楓樹山公司每年的營(yíng)業(yè)額增長(zhǎng)40%~50%,而且看不到有結(jié)束的跡象, 凸顯了改為采用草飼的奶農(nóng)數(shù)量之多。由此可見(jiàn),題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的 persuaded對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 convincing;題干中的 saw its advantage in terms of profits 對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 look at the economics。
40.答案: G
解析: 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息 only one example和 American farming practice is changing。文章段落中論及蒂姆·約瑟夫的草飼項(xiàng)目只是美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐變化的例證之一的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在G段。該段首句指出,雖然楓樹山公司的農(nóng)場(chǎng)改造項(xiàng)目非常容易上手, 而且涉及的范圍非常廣泛, 但它只是越來(lái)越多致力于緩慢改變美國(guó)農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式的企業(yè)之一。由此可見(jiàn), 題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。蒂姆·約瑟夫的公司名字中| Maple Hill, 因而題干中的 Tim Joseph's grass- fed program對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 Map le Hill's conversion program; 題干中的 only one example對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 just one of a growing number of businesses;題干中的 changing屬于原詞重現(xiàn)。
41.答案: A
解析: 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息 was fascinated和 the notion that sunlight brings energy and we alth to mankind。文章段落中論及蒂姆·約瑟夫?qū)﹃?yáng)光為人類帶來(lái)能量和財(cái)富的想法感興趣的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在A段。該段第三句指出,所有的能量和財(cái)富都來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的想法確實(shí)引起了他十足的興趣。由此可見(jiàn),題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的 was fascinated by對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 really intrigued; 題干中的 notion對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 idea; 題干中的 energy and wealth屬于原詞重現(xiàn)。
42.答案: Ⅰ
解析:注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息 problem和 more expensive。文章段落中論及草飼產(chǎn)品的缺點(diǎn)在于其價(jià)格比傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品更貴的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在I段。該段首句提到草飼產(chǎn)品確實(shí)存在缺點(diǎn),緊接著第二句指出價(jià)格就是一個(gè)問(wèn)題,并在后面的內(nèi)容中進(jìn)行了列舉。約瑟夫說(shuō)他的產(chǎn)品比有機(jī)酸奶貴10%~20%,至于肉類,史密斯說(shuō)他的草飼漢堡將比傳統(tǒng)的同類漢堡貴20%~25%。但是只要看一下生鮮直達(dá)食品網(wǎng)上的價(jià)格就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),任何地方的草飼產(chǎn)品溢價(jià)都在35%~60%之間。由此可見(jiàn), 題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的 problem對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 downsides, downside意為“缺點(diǎn), 不利的方面”; 題干中的 more expensive對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 are priced 10-20% above和 pay a premium of 30-50% or more。
43.答案: E
解析: 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息 have proved和 healthier and more nutritious。文章段落中論及草飼產(chǎn)品更有益于健康和更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在E段。該段最后一句指出,事實(shí)證明, 草飼乳制品和肉類中的某些營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素和健康脂肪含量更高。由此可見(jiàn),題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的 have proved對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的have been shown; 題干中的 healthier and more nutritious對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 higher in certain nutrients and health y fats。
44.答案: B
解析: 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息 started his business和 fell short of demand。文章段落中論及蒂姆·約瑟夫創(chuàng)辦公司不久后就發(fā)現(xiàn)草飼產(chǎn)品供不應(yīng)求的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在B段。該段第二句和第三句指出,2009年,他和妻子勞拉在紐約北部創(chuàng)辦了楓樹山乳制品廠,這是一家生產(chǎn)有機(jī)全草飼酸奶的公司。他很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)了市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)表明的事實(shí):目前草飼產(chǎn)品供不應(yīng)求。由此可見(jiàn),題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的 started his business對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 launched Maple Hill Creamery; 題干中的 grass- fed products fell short of demand對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 Demand for grass- fed products currently exceeds supply。
45.答案: K
解析: 注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息A snack bar producer和 supply of purely grass- fed bi son meat was scarce。文章段落中論及零食棒生產(chǎn)商發(fā)現(xiàn)純草飼野牛肉供應(yīng)不足的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在K段。該段首句指出,另一個(gè)促使農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)而采用草料喂養(yǎng)的支持者是美國(guó)的肉制品加工公司EPIC,該公司生產(chǎn)以肉為原料的蛋白質(zhì)棒。隨后緊接著提到在EPIC公司最為成功的產(chǎn)品——野牛培根蔓越莓蛋白質(zhì)棒——發(fā)布后不久,柯林斯和福雷斯特發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)耗盡了肉類的來(lái)源:專門在牧場(chǎng)上飼養(yǎng)的北美野牛。當(dāng)他們開始研究供應(yīng)鏈時(shí),他們發(fā)現(xiàn)所有野牛中, 只有2%~3%的野牛是真正用草料喂養(yǎng)的。由此可見(jiàn),題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的A snack bar producer 對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的EPIC, which makes meat- based protein bars;題干中的 purely grass- fed bison meat was scarce對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 only 2-3% of all bi son is actually grass- fed。
46.定位:根據(jù)題干信息詞 best schools,可以把答案線索定位到第一段第二句。
解析:該句指出,最好的學(xué)校尋求減輕學(xué)生的外部壓力,同時(shí)讓他們更好地了解和應(yīng)對(duì)外部世界——同時(shí)保護(hù)他們,并拓寬他們的視野。句中的 alleviate the externa l pressures替換B項(xiàng)中的 protect… from social pressures, 句中的 better to understand and handle the world outside替換B項(xiàng)中的 enable them to face the world, 由此可知B項(xiàng)符合文意,是正確答案。第一段最后一句提到了階層分化的不平等的社會(huì),但并沒(méi)有提及學(xué)校應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備好挑戰(zhàn)和改變這樣的社會(huì),A項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有, 故排除。第三段的第一句和第二句提到了出游可以提高孩子們的技能( skills),有助于聰明( bright)但經(jīng)濟(jì)條件不好的學(xué)生在A級(jí)考試中取得更好的成績(jī),但并沒(méi)有提及最好的學(xué)校應(yīng)該激發(fā)學(xué)生的聰明才智,文中也沒(méi)有提到發(fā)展學(xué)生的體能, C項(xiàng)屬于主觀推斷,故排除。第一段第三句提到這(尋求減輕學(xué)生的外部壓力,同時(shí)讓他們更好地了解和應(yīng)對(duì)外部世界——同時(shí)保護(hù)他們,并拓寬他們的視野)在任何情況下都是一個(gè)宏偉( ambitious)的目標(biāo),并沒(méi)有提及最好的學(xué)校應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生有雄心壯志,D項(xiàng)屬于主觀推斷,故排除。
47.定位: 根據(jù)題干信息詞 the author和 school field trips,可知該題考查的是作者對(duì)學(xué)校組織的實(shí)地考察旅行的態(tài)度,文章后四段都有體現(xiàn)。
解析:第三段提到,學(xué)習(xí)性質(zhì)的出游有助于聰明但經(jīng)濟(jì)條件不好的學(xué)生在A級(jí)考試中取得更好的成績(jī),但緊接著第四段首句提出轉(zhuǎn)折( But),該段第二句提到,這樣的旅行計(jì)劃將許多(旅行費(fèi)用占家庭平均收入比例較高的)學(xué)生拒之門外。第五段第二句提到許多學(xué)校似乎對(duì)教育部出臺(tái)的在旅行方面有利于貧困學(xué)生的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)不予理睬, 并且該指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)也沒(méi)有涵蓋異國(guó)旅行, 即費(fèi)用較高的旅行。綜上所述,作者認(rèn)為學(xué)校組織的實(shí)地考察旅行會(huì)擴(kuò)大經(jīng)濟(jì)條件優(yōu)越和經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的學(xué)生之間的差距,故B項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句可知,學(xué)校不能憑一己之力使各個(gè)社區(qū)(即不同經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的學(xué)生家庭)融合,但不應(yīng)助長(zhǎng)社會(huì)分化和排斥那些處于貧困中的人。因此A項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷,故排除。第三段第一句提到實(shí)地考察旅行可以讓學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中的各種可能,并且有助于提高經(jīng)濟(jì)困難家庭學(xué)生的成績(jī),但這不是作者的態(tài)度,由第三段中的a good case可知,這是家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校的想法,C項(xiàng)屬于答非所問(wèn),故排除。第二段最后一句提到富裕的孩子可以找到富有的阿姨和鄰居幫忙,是指經(jīng)濟(jì)條件好的孩子可以向更富有的阿姨和鄰居求助來(lái)獲得捐款,從而達(dá)到校方的募捐要求,實(shí)現(xiàn)全校學(xué)生旅行的計(jì)劃,因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
48.定位:根據(jù)題干信息詞 community spirit, 可以把答案線索定位到第三段最后兩句。
解析:第三段最后兩句提到, 學(xué)校確保所有學(xué)生都能抓住可能真正改變?nèi)松臋C(jī)會(huì),全校募捐等方式有助于激發(fā)集體主義精神, 其中 whole- school和 all their pupils與D項(xiàng)中的 all students on campus屬于同義替換,因此D項(xiàng)是正確答案。需要注意的是正確答案中出現(xiàn)了表意絕對(duì)的 all,雖然一般情況下選項(xiàng)中如果包含絕對(duì)的信息,則不選,但本題的絕對(duì)詞能夠在原文中找到依據(jù),即原文中有同樣絕對(duì)的信息出現(xiàn),因此看到表意絕對(duì)的詞時(shí),我們要依據(jù)原文做出判斷。A項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)原文均未提及,故均排除。
49.定位: 根據(jù)題干信息詞 low- income parents, 可以把答案線索定位到第四段。
解析:第四段首句中的“家庭的平均收入剛剛超過(guò)3萬(wàn)英鎊”提示接下來(lái)提到的 parents指的是低收入的家長(zhǎng)。最后一句提到,即使是那些認(rèn)為旅行只不過(guò)是聚會(huì)或者慶?;顒?dòng)的父母,也會(huì)因?yàn)楹⒆颖宦湓诤竺娑械絻?nèi)疚,即這些家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為旅行沒(méi)有多大的好處,但也希望孩子參加,故A項(xiàng)是正確答案。原文第四段第三句提到了一些家長(zhǎng)因?yàn)橘M(fèi)用昂貴的實(shí)地考察旅行而把孩子從學(xué)校帶走,但沒(méi)有提及他們很難阻止孩子參加旅行,故B項(xiàng)屬無(wú)中生有,應(yīng)排除。C項(xiàng)利用 cost作為干擾詞,但與文中出現(xiàn) cost的兩處信息均無(wú)關(guān),屬于無(wú)中生有,故排除。D項(xiàng)是利用第二段首句中的 adventure設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng),與原文提到的許多成年人認(rèn)為的人生中的冒險(xiǎn)旅行在一些公立學(xué)校幾乎成了常規(guī)這一信息沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián),故排除。
50.定位:根據(jù)題干信息詞expectation,可以把答案線索定位到第五段最后一句。
解析:該句指出, 至少我們應(yīng)該期待的是,學(xué)校不會(huì)助長(zhǎng)社會(huì)分化,排斥那些已經(jīng)處于貧困中的人。題干中的 the author's expectation與原文中的 we should expect屬于同義替換, C項(xiàng)中的 avoid... gaps與原文中的 do not foster divisions都表示否定分化加劇,故C項(xiàng)是正確答案。第五段倒數(shù)第二句提到我們不能指望學(xué)校單槍匹馬把各個(gè)社區(qū)團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái), 故A項(xiàng)屬于正反混淆, 并且原文中指的是將多個(gè)社區(qū)團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái),而非將一個(gè)社區(qū)聚集在一起,故排除。B項(xiàng)原文未提及,故排除;D項(xiàng)的給予貧困學(xué)生優(yōu)待是教育部的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn),不是作者的期望,應(yīng)排除。
51.定位:根據(jù)題干中的信息詞 by 2100,答案線索可以定位到文章第三段。
解析:文章第三段首句是一個(gè)直接引語(yǔ):“除非目前溫室氣體排放量下降,否則70%的王企鵝(110萬(wàn)對(duì)處于繁殖期的金鵝)將被迫遷移繁殖地,或者將于2100年滅絕?!庇纱丝芍?,選項(xiàng)A是該引語(yǔ)后半句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述, 故為正確答案。其中原文中的 face extinction等同于選項(xiàng)A中的 be on the verge of dying out,by 2100屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。文章首段首句提到南極周圍未受污染水域的氣溫在上升,而不是海平面上升,且水溫上升不是2100年才會(huì)發(fā)生的事情,故排除選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)C是出題者故意根據(jù)文中出現(xiàn)的個(gè)別單詞設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng),ice cover出現(xiàn)在第三段,great wilderness出現(xiàn)在第一段,但文中沒(méi)有信息表明兩者之間的關(guān)系, 故很容易排除。選項(xiàng)D也是出題者故意根據(jù)文中出現(xiàn)的個(gè)別單詞設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng),文中首句只提到南極周圍未受污染水域的水溫在上升, 并未提到其是否會(huì)消失, 也很容易排除。
52.定位:根據(jù)題干中的信息詞a separate study,答案線索可以定位在文章第二段。
解析:文章第二段第三句提到:“本月早些時(shí)候,另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),氣候變化加上工業(yè)捕魚正威脅南極海域的磷蝦種群,對(duì)鯨魚、海豹和企鵝可能造成災(zāi)難性的影響。”由此可知,選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)該部分內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié), 故為正確答案。原文中的 is threatening和a potentially disastrous impact on與選項(xiàng)C中的 be fatal to屬于同義轉(zhuǎn)述, climate change和 industrial fishing是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。原文提到, 氣候變化和工業(yè)捕魚正威脅南極海域的磷蝦種群,未提到南極鯨魚遷徙,故排除選項(xiàng)A。選項(xiàng)B屬于常識(shí)判斷,并非a separate study(另一項(xiàng)研究)的發(fā)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容在文中沒(méi)有提到, 屬于無(wú)中生有,故均排除。
53.定位:本題的題干信息詞是 king penguins,信息比較籠統(tǒng),而且全文都在圍繞王企鵝進(jìn)行敘述,所以考生很難精確定位答案線索所在段落。這時(shí)我們可以根據(jù)出題順序和文章段落順序基本一致的原則,將答案線索暫時(shí)定位在第三段。
解析:文章第三段第一句提到:“除非目前溫室氣體排放量下降,否則70%的王金鵝(110萬(wàn)對(duì)處于繁殖期的企鵝)將被迫遷移繁殖地”。由此可知,選項(xiàng)D是對(duì)該部分內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故為正確答案。其中原文中的70 percent對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D中的 the majority of, 原文中的 relocate their breeding grounds對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D中的 find new breeding grounds。第三段提到王企鵝是體型第二大的企鵝種類,而不是滅絕的鳥類中體型第二大的,選項(xiàng)A明顯不符合原文,故排除。第三段提到王金鵝目前只在南大洋的特定孤島上繁殖,選項(xiàng)B明顯不對(duì)。第三段提到王企鵝以魚和磷蝦為食,而不是只吃某幾種磷蝦,故也排除選項(xiàng)C。
54.定位:根據(jù)題干中的信息詞 sea levels rise,答案線索可以定位在文章第三段。
解析:文章第三段提到,隨著海洋變暖,一片被稱為“南極極地鋒”的水域正被進(jìn)一步往南推移。接著該段倒數(shù)第二句提到:“這意味著,在這片水域以魚和磷蝦為食的王企鵝,必須去更遠(yuǎn)的地方覓食,而它們的企鵝寶寶餓肚子的時(shí)間就會(huì)更長(zhǎng)?!庇纱丝芍?,選項(xiàng)A是對(duì)該部分內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故為正確答案。其中原文中的 chicks和選項(xiàng)A中的 baby king penguins屬于同義替換。選項(xiàng)B、C在文中沒(méi)有提到, 故排除。文中提到王企鵝必須去更遠(yuǎn)的地方覓食,而不是鯨魚,故也排除選項(xiàng)D。
55.定位:根據(jù)題干中的信息詞 Southern Ocean,答案線索可以定位在文章最后一段。
解析:文章最后一段最后一句提到:“南大洋只有少數(shù)島嶼適合大型繁殖群體的生存?!焙茱@然,選項(xiàng)D是對(duì)該句話的同義改寫,故為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒(méi)有提到,直接排除。最后一段提到,企鵝是我們了解和預(yù)測(cè)全球變化對(duì)南極和亞南極海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響的關(guān)鍵物種,但并沒(méi)有指出保護(hù)南大洋是南極物種可持續(xù)繁殖的關(guān)鍵,故排除選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)C在文中也沒(méi)提到, 直接排除。
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