大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解100篇:氣候環(huán)境

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　　In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror-the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents che heat from escaping.

　　According to a weather expert's prediction. the atmosphere will be 3C warmer m the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to bum fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt. thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly re9ulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food-growing zones.

　　In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

　　Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

　　However. most of the fuel is burnt in the northern Hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude. therefore. that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

　　One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days. it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on che distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles. che latest trend being, downward.

　　Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that che models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (慣性) of the earth's climate. If this is right. the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counterbalance to the sun’s diminishing heat.

　　1. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would______.

　　A) prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

　　B) mean a warming up in the Arctic

　　C) cause great climate changes in the northern hemisphere

　　D) raise the temperature of the earth's surface

　　2.The article was written io explain____________.

　　A) the greenhouse effect.

　　B) che sola:r effects on the earth.

　　C) the models of solar-weather interactions.

　　D) the causes affecting weather.

　　3.Why is the fuel consumption greater in the northern hemisphere. but temperatures there seem to be falling?

　　A) Mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising.

　　B) Possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting.

　　C) Because the inertia of the earth's climate take effect.

　　D) Partly because the output of solar energy varies.

　　4.On the basis of their models. scientists are of the opinion that_______.

　　A) the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

　　B) it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

　　C) the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects

　　D) the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

　　5.If the assumption about the delayof a new Ice Age is correct,___________.

　　A) the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels

　　B) ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere

　　C) the increased levels of carbon dioxide could warm up the earth quickly.

　　D) the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth.

　　答案：

　　1.可以推斷出，大氣中二氧化碳的集中將__________。

　　A)阻止太陽(yáng)的光線到達(dá)地表

　　B)意味著北極的升溫

　　C)導(dǎo)致北半球大的氣候改變

　　D)導(dǎo)致地表溫度升高

　　[D]從第1段對(duì)二氧化碳造成溫室效應(yīng)的原理描述，即可判斷本題答案為D項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第4段第3句“這種情況符合二氧化碳使地球變暖的理論”也可判斷D項(xiàng)符合題意。此外，本題也可以根據(jù)有關(guān)溫室效應(yīng)的常識(shí)求解。

　　2.作者撰寫這篇文章，是為了解釋____________。

　　A)溫室效應(yīng)

　　B)地球受到的太陽(yáng)效應(yīng)

　　C)太陽(yáng)與氣象相互作用的模型

　　D)影響天氣的因素

　　[D]文章前半部分(前四段)講燃燒產(chǎn)生二氧化碳使地球產(chǎn)生溫室效應(yīng)，后半部分(后三段)講太陽(yáng)對(duì)地球的影響使地球溫度降低。尤其值得注意的是第5段提出的問題Which natural cause has most effect on the weather? 使我們推出本文旨在解釋影響氣候變化的原因。故D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　3.為什么北半球燃油消耗更大，但是它的溫度看似卻下降了?

　　A)主要是因?yàn)?大氣中)二氧化碳含量上升了。

　　B)可能是因?yàn)闃O地的冰蓋正在融化。

　　C)因?yàn)榈厍驓夂虻膽T性起作用了。

　　D)一定程度上是因?yàn)樘?yáng)能的輸出變化了。

　　[D]從第5段最后一句給出的設(shè)問可知，第6段的首句是考點(diǎn)之所在，即：“一種可能性(自然因素)是變化無(wú)常的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)”。由此可以判斷，D項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容符合題意。A項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是人為的因素，即溫室效應(yīng)。事實(shí)上，A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)是作為兩個(gè)影響氣候的對(duì)立因素出現(xiàn)的，同時(shí)也是本文論及的兩個(gè)分話題，由此也可以直接判斷D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　4.根據(jù)他們的模型，科學(xué)家們持這一觀點(diǎn)：

　　A)全球的氣候應(yīng)該變冷。

　　B)地球氣候的慣性需要幾千年才起作用。

　　C)人為的升溫效應(yīng)助推太陽(yáng)效應(yīng)。

　　D)新的冰河時(shí)代將因溫室效應(yīng)而被推后。

　　[A]最后一段的第2句提到“科學(xué)家們研究的結(jié)果應(yīng)該是地球進(jìn)入新的冰川時(shí)期，然而卻沒有出現(xiàn)這種情況”，這與A項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容吻合。D項(xiàng)為本題的強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，根據(jù)文章，該項(xiàng)的含義正確。但就本題而言，題干針對(duì)的是models(模型)，因而判斷范隔只能針對(duì)solar-weather interactions.即太陽(yáng)的作用。

　　5.如果關(guān)于新冰河時(shí)代延遲的設(shè)想是正確的，那么__________。

　　A)戰(zhàn)勝變冷效應(yīng)的最好辦法是燒更多的燃料

　　B)北半球?qū)⒑芸毂槐└采w

　　C)(大氣中)二氧化碳含量的增加會(huì)致使地球迅速升溫

　　D)溫室效應(yīng)將良性地作用于地球

　　[D]文章最后一句中的a useful counter-balance是指有益的抵消作用，即二氧化碳產(chǎn)生的熱效應(yīng)可以抵消太陽(yáng)熱量減少使地球變冷的傾向，這對(duì)地球的熱量平衡是有利的。這與D項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相吻合。