2015年大學(xué)英語六級閱讀長難句分析(19)

　　1. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. (1999. 閱讀. 6. Text 1)

　　【譯文】但是如果動物面臨它們自己無法控制的情況，那么此后它們在面對自己可以控制的情況時(shí)就會表現(xiàn)得消極。

　　【析句】復(fù)合句。主句是they later behave passively,主句前是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，they have no control over作定語從句修飾situations。主句后面是when引導(dǎo)的省略了主語、系動詞的時(shí)間狀語從句，而時(shí)間狀語從句中experiences后有they can control定語從句修飾。

　　2. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. (1999. 閱讀. 6. Text 1)

　　【譯文】1975年羅徹斯特大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的心理學(xué)家羅伯特·阿德在使小白鼠對排斥糖精形成條件反射的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，喂食老鼠的同時(shí)給它們注射一種抑制免疫系統(tǒng)還會引起腹痛的藥劑。

　　【析句】復(fù)合句。主句是Robert Ader conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by...。比較復(fù)雜的是by引導(dǎo)的方式狀語，by feeding and injecting...,體現(xiàn)了介詞后的動詞要用ing形式。而inject them with a drug后that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾a drug,并且定語從句中，that caused stomach upsets作主句，while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。

　　3. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. (1999. 閱讀. 6. Text 1)

　　【譯文】為了消除小白鼠對于糖精的排斥，阿德再次讓小白鼠接觸糖精，但這次不再注射藥物。他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些在之前的條件反射訓(xùn)練中攝取糖精量最大的小白鼠都死了。

　　【析句】復(fù)合句。主句是Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, and was astonished to find that..., 可以看出，主句由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句組成，前一句為簡單句，in order to extinguish...在第一句中作目的狀語，this time without the drug作伴隨狀語。后一句中，find后有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，those mice died,而賓語從句的主語those mice后又有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。