英語四級閱讀，作為大學英語能力的重要評估指標，不僅檢驗了學生對詞匯、語法的掌握，更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下，提升這一能力對于拓寬視野、增進跨文化交流至關重要。今天，小編將分享2024年6月大學英語四級閱讀真題以及答案（卷一）相關內(nèi)容，希望能為大家提供幫助！
Section A
Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
It's well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health.Yet whereas most countries have 26 evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise 27 for various physical health benefits,such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood. This is 28 due to a lack of necessary evidence.However,a new systematic review brings us usefully up to-date on the current findings in this area.
Before 29 into some of the key take-aways,an important 30 made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic.The former 31 such things as walking,jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy.In contrast,anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such 32 intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaksdown glucose(葡萄糖)in your blood or muscles.
Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the mood benefits of aerobic exercise,the researchers,led by John Chan at Shenzhen University,found 33 resultsfrom 19 relevant studies.Some favoured higher intensity,others low,while seven studies found that intensity made no 34 to mood benefits.
In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise,however,the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳選擇)for improving mood is 35 intensity,perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasan.
A)constitutes
B)contradictory
C)decision
D)detailed
E)difference
F)dipping
G)distinction
H)falling
I)involves
J)moderate
K)notified
L)partly
M)required
N)traditionally
O)vigorous
Section B
Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Why DoAmericans Work So Much?
A)How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week?That was the question that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”in 1930.Over the next century,he predicted,the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all.For a while,it looked like Keynes was right.In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours in the United States.But by 1970,the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39.
B)But then something changed.Instead of continuing to decline,the duration of the working week remained stable.It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades.So what happened?Why are people working just as much today as in 1970?
C)There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power oftechnology to increase the economy's productivity,which he thought would lead to a standard ofliving “between four and eight times as high as it is today.”But Keynes got that right:Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M.Friedman,an economistat Harvard,the U.S.economy isright ontrack to reach Keynes's eight-fold(八倍)multiple by2029.That is a century after the last data Keynes wouldhave had access to.
D)In a new paper,Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time.Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied,always wanting more money to buy the next new thing.This is a theory that appeals to many economists.“This argument is,at best,far from sufficient,” he writes.If that were the case,why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?
E)Another theory Friedman considers is that,in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effectiveopportunities for personal connections and relationships,people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work.There is support for this theory.Many people today consider colleagues as friends.But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive.Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family,rather than at work.Furthermore,this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S.working week in the 1970s.
F)A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman.That is:American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone.In other words,most Americans are too poor to work less.Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers,this one fits chronologically(按年代).Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II,along with the duration of the working week.But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically.
G)Keynes's prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone.But Friedman says that this is not what has happened.Although Keynes's eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole,it is not at all the case for the median(中位數(shù)的)American worker.For them,output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing.This is a bit below his four-to eight-fold predicted range
H)This can be seen in the median worker's income over this time period,complete with a shift in 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking.According to Friedman,between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles)in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy.But by 2013 the average hourly wage for ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power.Thus,though American incomes may have gone up since 1973,the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down.For most Americans,then,the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973.Thus,they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living
I)What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do somuch.In Keynes's vision,the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure.But Friedman says that,for Americans,reality is much darker.Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education—are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get.This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that,for half of hourly workers,their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little.This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much.Rather,we can assume it is because they need the money.
J)This explanation leaves an important question.If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes's time—can afford to work less,why do they continue to work so much?(Indeed,research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.)Friedman believes that for many top earners,work is a labor oflove.They are doing work they care about and are interested in,and doing more ofit is not necessarily a burden.For them,it may even be a pleasure.These top earners derive meaning from theirjobs and work is an important part of how they think ofthemselves. And,of course,they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.
K)Friedman concludes that the prosperity(繁榮)Keynes predicted is here.After all,the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected.But for most Americans,that prosperity is nowhere to be seen.And,as a result,neither are those shorter working weeks.
36.Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.
37.As ordinary American workers'average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity,they had to work just as manyhours as before to keep their living standards.
38.American workers'average weekly workingtime has not changed for nearly half a century.
39.Friedman believes inequality in the U.S.largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours.
40.Many economists assume people's thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time.
41.An economist'sprediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century.
42.In the U.S.labor market,the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid.
43.Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.
44.Many ofthe highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing
45.According to Keynes,there would be a shorter working week with everyone's standard ofliving continuing torise.
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Eachpassage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Lao Zi once said,“Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” People-pleasing,or seeking self-worth through others'approval,is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life.Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves?If it's true that you can't please all people all of the time,wouldn't it make sense to stop trying?
Unfortunately,sense often isn't driving our behavior.For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked,and caring about the effect we have on others,is healthy and allows us to make connections.However,where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone's approval or not.
This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and werecompletely dependent on others to take care of us:Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate,they are alsotrying to learn how the world works.We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others so,to a four-year-old,if Mommy or Daddy doesn't like him or her,there is the danger that they will abandon them.We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approveof us,it's being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.
As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek,your need for external validation will start to vanish,leaving you stronger,more confident,and yes,happier in your life.Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrainour authentic selves in an effort to be liked.
If we base our worth on the opinions of others,we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves,becauseultimately,there is no difference.So embrace the cliché(老話)and loveyourself as it's highly doubtful that you'll regret it.
46.What can we conclude from Lao Zi's quotation?
A)We should seethrough otherpeople's attempt to make a prisonerof us.
B)We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.
C)We can never be truly free if taking to heart others'opinion of us.
D)We should care about other people's view as much as they care about our own.
47.What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people's approval?
A)Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.
B)Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting.
C)Our identity as social beings will be affected.
D)Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.
48.What may account for our need to be liked or approved of?
A)Our desperate longing for interactions with others.
B)Our understanding of the workings of the world.
C)Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment.
D)Our early childhood fear of being deserted.
49.What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval?
A)Enjoy a happier life.
B)Exercise self-restraint.
C)Receive more external validation.
D)Strengthen our power of imagination.
50.What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?
A)Embrace life for ourselves and for others.
B)Base our worth on others'opinions.
C)See our experiencesas assets.
D)Love ourselves as we are
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom.However,a growing body of research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible.In reality,education does an aging brain good.
Throughout life,people's brains constantly renovate themselves.In the late 1960s,British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions ofrats through an electron microscope;their brains were forging new connections.This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.
Of course,that doesn't mean the brain isn't affected by the effects of time.Just as height usually declines over the years,so does brain volume:Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s.But that reduction doesn't necessarily make people think slower;as long as we are alive and functioning,we can alter our brains with new information and experiences.
In fact,scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences,facts,and skills can keep people's minds more flexible.New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure,even as the brain shrinks.
Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability.Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.
A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower.Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease.Openness—a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge—may also help folks pass brain tests.Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world atitude,but those who aren't as genetically gifted aren't necessarily out of luck.While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things,a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences,which can,in turn,refresh the brain.That's why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says “It's not that old dogs can't learn new tricks.It's that maybe old dogs don't realize why they should.”
51.What do some people think of aging adults?
A)Their wisdom grows as time goes by.
B)Their memory gradually deteriorates.
C)They can benefit from late-in-life learning.
D)They are likely to have mental health issues.
52.What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman's finding?
A)Brain damage seriously hinders one'slearning.
B)Brain power weakens slower than we imagine.
C)Brains can refresh and improve with learning.
D)Brains forge connections under new conditions
53.What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks?
A)Doing daily routines by conventional means.
B)Avoiding worrying about our mental durability.
C)Imitating old dogs'way of learning new tricks.
D)Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways.
54.What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function?
A)Being curious and desiring knowledge.
B)Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age.
C)Rising to life's challenges and avoiding risks.
D)Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases
55.What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging?
A)Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one's reasoning power.
B)Playingnumber games unexpectedly stimulates one's memory.
C)Desiring new experiences can help to renovate thebrain.
D)Learning new tricks shouldnot beconfined to old dogs only.
26. D) detailed (adj.詳盡的, 詳細的v.詳細說明, 詳述)
語義判斷 本段綜合闡述目前關于運動強度、運動類型和情緒之間關系的研究成果。前后半句表意相反，后半句轉折表述目前還沒有關于運動與情緒的指導方針，前半句則表述目前存在有益于身體健康的運動類型和強度的指導方針，指導方針詳細且有證據(jù)支持，故detailed符合語境。
27. M) required (v.需要 adj.必需的)
語義判斷 此處闡述大多數(shù)國家已存在詳細的、有證據(jù)支持的關于各種有益于身體健康所需的運動類型和強度的指導方針, 故required符合語境。
28. L) partly(adv.在某種程度上; 部分地)
語義判斷 上文提到“目前還沒有關于運動和情緒的指導方針”，此處闡述原因，即“這_____由于缺乏必要的證據(jù)”, 故partly符合語境。
29. F) dipping(v.浸, 蘸; 伸進, 伸入)
語義判斷 前文提及“一項新的系統(tǒng)綜述為我們提供了該領域中有用的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)”，本段進一步闡述這一最新發(fā)現(xiàn)。該句意為“在_____一些關鍵要點之前，綜述中提出的一個重要_是有氧運動和無氧運動”。dip into意為“把手伸進; 瀏覽”, 故dipping符合語境。
30. G) distinction (n.差別, 區(qū)分)
語義判斷 下文具體介紹了有氧運動和無氧運動的本質(zhì)區(qū)別，故綜述中應該是提到了二者的區(qū)別。故distinction符合語境。
31. I) involves(v.包含; 涉及)
語義判斷 空格前面的the former(前者) 指代前一句中的aerobic exercise(有氧運動), 本句中所列舉的散步、慢跑、騎自行車都屬于有氧運動的范疇，前后是所屬關系，故involves符合語境。
32. O) vigorous(adj.劇烈的; 強度大的; 強壯的; 精力充沛的)
語義判斷 與散步、慢跑、騎自行車等低強度的運動相比， 舉重則是一種高強度的運動， vigorous intensity意為“高強度”, 故vigorous符合語境。
33. B) contradictory(adj.相互矛盾的, 對立的)
語義判斷 本段提及運動強度對有氧運動情緒影響的相關研究。首句提到從其益處開始研究，末尾提及研究結果顯示無論高強度還是低強度，對情緒益處并無影響，這說明研究結果與一開始的預想相矛盾。因此contradictory符合語境。
34. E) difference(n.差異, 不同之處)
語義判斷 從運動強度對有氧運動情緒益處的影響開始研究，卻得出了相互矛盾的結果，即有氧運動強度的高低對情緒益處并無影響。make no difference意為“沒有區(qū)別, 沒有影響”, 故difference符合語境。
35. J) moderate(adj.中等的v.緩和, 使適中n.溫和派)
語義判斷 本段闡述無氧運動的強度對情緒益處的影響。由下文“這可能是因為低強度太沉悶，而高強度太令人不快”可知，無氧運動中，中等強度是改善情緒的最佳選擇，故moderate符合語境。
36.題干譯文 有些人把在工作場所的社交視為發(fā)展人際關系的機會。
答案解析 E。由題干關鍵信息view... as a chance、socializing at the workplace和develop personal relationships定位到E段。E段前兩句提到，弗里德曼考慮的另一個理論是，在這個時代，社會環(huán)境能夠提供的有效的人際關系機會越來越少，人們可能更加珍視在工作中的社交時間。這個理論是有一定依據(jù)的，因為很多人現(xiàn)在把同事當作朋友。題干是對這兩句的概括,其中socializing at the workplace與原文中的socializing thathappens at work同義, view... as a chance對應原文中的place more value on, develop personal relationships對應原文中的consider colleagues as friends, 故答案為E。
37.題干譯文 盡管生產(chǎn)力不斷提高，但美國普通工人的平均時薪卻在下降，他們不得不像以前一樣工作很長時間來維持生活水平。
答案解析 H。由題干關鍵信息ordinary American workers'、average hourly pay、decreased和work just as manyhours as before定位到H段。H段提到，從1947年到1973年， 美國普通工人的平均時薪的購買力幾乎翻了一番。但到了2013年，普通工人的平均時薪的實際購買力與1973年相比下降了5%。提高生產(chǎn)力的魔力在1973年左右就不再起作用了。為了維持生活水平，他們不得不繼續(xù)努力工作。題干是對這幾句的概括，其中ordinary American workers' average hourly pay與原文中的the average hourly wage for normal workers同義, had decreased與原文中的had fallen同義, had to work just as many hours as before與原文中的 had to keepworking just as much同義, to keep their living standards與原文中的 in order to maintain their standard of living 同義，故答案為H。
38.題干譯文 美國工人的每周平均工作時間近半個世紀都沒有變化。
答案解析 B。由題干關鍵信息average weekly working time、has not changed 和 nearly half a century定位到B段。B段前兩句提到，(美國工人的)每周工作時長不但沒有繼續(xù)下降，反而保持穩(wěn)定。在近五十年的時間里,它一直保持在略低于40個小時。題干是對這兩句的概括, 其中American workers'average weeklyworking time與原文中的the duration of the working week同義, has not changed與原文中的 remained stable同義, for nearly half a century與原文中的for nearly five decades同義(decade意為“十年”), 故答案為B。
39.題干譯文 弗里德曼認為，美國的不平等在很大程度上解釋了為什么生產(chǎn)力的提高并沒有導致工作時間的減少。
答案解析 F。由題干關鍵信息inequality in the U. S.、increasing productivity和has not resulted in定位到F段。F段前三句提到，對弗里德曼來說，第三種可能性更具有說服力。那就是，美國社會的不平等意味著生產(chǎn)力提高所帶來的利益并未被所有人廣泛共享。換言之，大多數(shù)美國人太貧窮，無法減少工作時間。題干是對這三句的概括,其中inequality in the U. S.與原文中的American inequality同義, increasing productivity hasnot resulted in reduced working hours對應原文中的 the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone和most Americans are too poor to work less, 故答案為F。
40.題干譯文 許多經(jīng)濟學家認為，人們對物質(zhì)的渴望阻礙了他們享受更多的閑暇時間。
答案解析 D。由題干關鍵信息Many economists、people's thirst for material things和leisure time定位到D段。D段前三句提到，在一篇新論文中，弗里德曼試圖了解為什么產(chǎn)值的提升并未轉化為更多的休閑時間?？赡苁侨藗冇肋h不會在物質(zhì)上感到滿足，總想要更多的錢去買下一樣新東西。這種理論也吸引了很多經(jīng)濟學家。題干是對這三句的概括,其中people's thirst for material things對應原文中的people just never feelmaterially satisfied, assume對應原文中的figure out why, has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time 對應原文中的has not translated into increased leisure time, many economists是原詞復現(xiàn),故答案為D。
41.題干譯文 一位經(jīng)濟學家關于每周平均工作時間縮短的預測，在20世紀的一段時間內(nèi)似乎是正確的。
答案解析 A。由題干關鍵信息prediction、a shorter average working week、correct和for a time定位到A段。A段提到，英國經(jīng)濟學家凱恩斯在1930年預測，在接下來的一個世紀里，經(jīng)濟會變得非常高效(生產(chǎn)率更高)，人們幾乎不需要工作。有一段時間，看起來凱恩斯是對的。美國人平均每周的工作時間在1930年是47個小時， 但到了1970年， 已經(jīng)下降到不足39個小時。題干是對本段內(nèi)容的概括，其中An economist對應原文中的the British economist John Maynard Keynes, prediction about a shorter average working week對應原文中的he predicted.. people would barely need to work at all, correct與原文中的right同義, for a time對應原文中的for a while, in the 20th century對應原文中的in 1930和by 1970(1930是指20世紀30年代, 1970同理), 故答案為A。
42.題干譯文 在美國勞動力市場上，受教育程度較低、技能較少的人最關心的是找到一份工作，即使報酬很低。
答案解析 I。由題干關鍵信息labor market、people with less schooling and fewer skills和low-paid定位到I段。I段第五旬提到，在美國目前的勞動力市場上，數(shù)以百萬計的人——那些技能較少、教育程度較低的人——正在尋找他們所能找到的任何工作，不管收入有多低。題干是對這句的同義轉述，其中l(wèi)abor market是原詞復現(xiàn), people with less schooling and fewer skills對應原文中的those with fewer skills and less education, tose cure any employment對應原文中的seeking... work they can get, even if it is low-paid對應原文中的 whatever poorly paid, 故答案為I。
43.題干譯文 凱恩斯正確地預測了技術將使經(jīng)濟的生產(chǎn)力大大提高。
答案解析 C。由題干關鍵信息right、predicting、technology和 make the economy much more productive定位到C段。C段第二句提到，但凱恩斯預測得很準：科技確實讓經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)力大幅度提升了。題干是對這句的同義轉述, 其中Keynes was right與原文中的Keynes got that right同義, 原文冒號后面的內(nèi)容就是凱恩斯預測對了的內(nèi)容: Technology has made the economy massively more productive,題干中的technology would make theeconomy much more productive與這句原文同義, 故答案為C。
44.題干譯文 許多收入最高的人對自己所做的事情有著濃厚的興趣和熱愛。
答案解析 J。由題干關鍵信息the highest earners, keen interest和love定位到J段。J段中間提到, 弗里德曼認為，對于許多高收入者來說，工作是一種熱愛的勞動。他們正在做他們關心和感興趣的工作，做更多的工作未必是一種負擔。題干是對這兩句的概括,其中many of the highest earners對應原文中的 many topearners, have a keen interest in…what they are doing對應原文中的they are doing work they care about and are interested in, love for what they are doing對應原文中的 for many top earners, work is a labor of love,故答案為J。
45.題干譯文 凱恩斯認為，隨著每個人的生活水平不斷提高，每周工作時間將縮短。
答案解析 G。由題干關鍵信息Keynes、a shorter working week、the standard of living和continuing to rise定位到G段。G段開頭提到，凱恩斯預測每周工作時長將會減少，這種預測是基于每個人的生活水平會持續(xù)提高的想法。題干與這句同義,其中According to Keynes對應原文的Keynes's prediction of, a shorter workingweek為原詞復現(xiàn), with everyone's standard of living continuing to rise與原文中的 the standard of living would continue rising for everyone同義, 故答案為G。
46.從老子的引語中我們可以得出什么結論?
A)我們應該看穿別人要把我們當囚徒的企圖。
B)即使竭盡全力，我們也永遠無法真正取悅別人。
C)如果把別人對我們的看法放在心上，我們就永遠不可能真正自由。
D)我們應該在乎別人的觀點，就像他們在乎我們的觀點一樣。
定位：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Lao Zi's quotation可以將答案定位到第一段。
解析：文章第一段指出，老子曾經(jīng)說過：“在意別人怎么想，你將永遠是他們的囚徒。”很明顯，老子的意思是，讓我們不要在意別人的看法，在意他人的看法就禁錮了自己。選項C與原文意思一致，故本題選C。選項A明顯錯誤，原文中“囚徒”是一種比喻，意思是我們被別人的想法禁錮，不是別人真的企圖把我們當囚徒。選項B與原文意思不一致，老子的話是讓我們不要在乎別人的看法，不是說我們怎么努力都無法真正取悅別人。選項D與老子的話意思相反。
47.如果我們把自我價值建立在別人的認可之上，會發(fā)生什么?
A)我們對于被愛的渴望將得到滿足。
B)我們的生活將是徒勞無益和令人疲憊的。
C)我們作為社會人的身份將受到影響。
D)我們的自我意識將得到磨礪和增強。
定位：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞base our self-worth on other people's approval可以將答案定位到第二段第一句。
解析：第二段第一句指出，取悅他人，或者從他人的認可中尋求自我價值，是徒勞的，是一種令人疲憊的生活方式，換句話說，把自我價值建立在別人的認可之上，我們的生活將是徒勞和疲憊的，故本題選B。其他三項均與原文不符，都排除。
48.什么或許可以解釋我們需要被喜歡或被認可的原因?
A)我們迫切地渴望與他人互動。
B)我們對世界運作方式的理解。
C)我們對被拋棄之痛的認識。
D)我們童年時害怕被拋棄的感覺。
定位：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞account for our need to be liked or approved of 可以將答案定位到第四段最后一句。題干中的account for與原文中的driven by對應。
解析：第四段最后一句指出，我們需要明白，當我們迫切希望有人能夠認可我們時，這是由我們內(nèi)心那個仍然害怕被拋棄的小孩所推動的，也就是說，小時候那種害怕被拋棄的感覺導致我們長大之后，希望能夠被別人認可, 故本題選D。選項中的fear of being deserted與原文中的terrified of abandonment屬于同義替換。選項C比較容易誤選，其中出現(xiàn)了定位句中的abandonment一詞，但是文中說的是我們害怕被拋棄，并未提及我們對被拋棄之痛的認識，故排除。其他兩個選項雖然含有原文詞匯，但是表達的意思與原文不符，均排除。
49.當我們能夠更好地為自己提供自己想要的認可時，我們能做什么?
A)享受更快樂的生活。
B)保持自我克制。
C)接受更多的外部認可。
D)增強我們的想象力。
定位：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞better able to provide ourselves with the desired approval可以將答案定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句。題干中的better able to provide 與原文中的more capable of providing屬于同義替換。
解析：倒數(shù)第二段第一句指出，當你變得越來越有能力為自己提供你所尋求的認可時，你對外部認可的需求將開始消失，這會讓你更加強大、自信，而且理所當然地，你的生活會更加快樂，故本題選A。本題如果找到了定位句，比較容易答對。其余三個選項原文未提及，均排除。
50.作者在最后一段建議我們做什么?
A)為自己和他人擁抱生活。
B)將我們的價值建立在他人的意見之上。
C)將我們的經(jīng)歷視為財富。
D)愛我們自己本來的樣子。
定位：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞advise us to do in the last paragraph可以將答案定位到最后一段, 最后一句以so開頭, 是作者的建議。
解析：最后一句段最后一句指出，欣然接受這句老話并愛自己吧，這樣做你不太可能會后悔。該句與全篇表達的意思一致，作者建議大家不要在乎別人的意見，要愛自己，故本題選D。選項B明顯與全文表達的意思相反，比較容易排除。選項A和C在原文最后一段沒有提及，也可以排除。
51.有些人對老年人的看法是什么?
A)他們的智慧隨著時間的流逝而增長。
B)他們的記憶力逐漸下降。
C)他們可以從晚年的學習中受益。
D)他們可能會有心理健康問題。
定位：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞some people和aging adults可以將答案定位到第一段第一句。
解析：第一段第一句指出，有些人說，衰老更像走向健忘的衰退過程，而不是通往智慧的旅程。由此可知，有些人認為老年人的記憶力是逐漸下降的，故選項B正確。答對本題，大家需要能看懂more…than(與其說，不如說)這個句型,其中的forgetfulness如果不認識,可以根據(jù)構詞法進行猜測, forget(忘記)+ful(容易??的)+ness(名詞后綴)，合在一起就是“健忘”。選項A與原文意思相反，可以排除。選項C雖然出現(xiàn)了原文中的late-in-life learning， 但是原文是說在晚年學習是有可能的， 選項C含義與此不符， 且文章并未提及它是一些人對老年人的看法，故排除。選項D文章中沒有提及，故排除。
52.我們可以從杰弗里·雷斯曼的發(fā)現(xiàn)中得出什么結論?
A)腦損傷嚴重阻礙了一個人的學習。
B)腦力減弱的速度比我們想象的要慢。
C)大腦可以通過學習重新充滿活力并有所改善。
D)大腦在新的條件下建立聯(lián)系。
定位：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Geoffrey Raisman's finding可以將答案定位到第二段第二句和第三句。
解析：第二段第二句指出，在20世紀60年代后期，英國腦科學家杰弗里·雷斯曼通過電子顯微鏡在老鼠大腦的受損區(qū)域發(fā)現(xiàn)了生長的跡象；它們的大腦正在建立新的聯(lián)系。這句是實驗的現(xiàn)象，下一句點出了實驗的結論：這意味著每當一個人學習新東西時，他的大腦都可能會發(fā)生變化。這里雖然沒有明確說具體的變化是什么，但是根據(jù)實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦有生長的跡象可知，大腦的變化是正向的。這與選項C表達的意思一致，通過學習大腦可以重新充滿活力并改善，故C正確。另外，根據(jù)本段首句“在一生當中，人們的大腦不斷地進行自我修復”也可以得出此結論。選項A和B原文沒有提及，可以排除。選項D中出現(xiàn)了原文詞匯forgeconnections，原文是說實驗中老鼠受傷的大腦區(qū)域產(chǎn)生了新的聯(lián)系，并不是實驗得出結論——大腦在新的條件下建立聯(lián)系，故排除。
53.即使在大腦萎縮的情況下，有助于維持我們大腦健康的一件事是什么?
A)通過常規(guī)的方式進行日?；顒?。
B)避免擔心我們大腦的持久力。
C)模仿老狗學習新把戲的方式。
D)以新穎的方式處理日常任務。
定位：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks可以將答案定位到第四段第二句。
解析：第四段第二句指出，新的路徑能夠強化我們不斷變化的腦部精神結構，即使大腦在萎縮。這里的新路徑具體指什么呢?可以繼續(xù)往下讀。第五段第二句指出，換一條不同的路線去雜貨店，或去一個新的地方度假，即便是像這樣簡單的事情也可以保持大腦健康。對比四個選項，可知選項D“以新穎的方式處理日常事務”符合原文，為正確答案。選項A明顯與原文意思相反，排除。選項B和C的說法原文都沒有提及，均可以排除。
54.作者說什么有助于改善大腦功能?
A)保持好奇心和求知欲。
B)渴望在老年時通過大腦測試。
C)迎接生活中的挑戰(zhàn)并規(guī)避風險。
D)提高對嚴重精神疾病的免疫力。
定位：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞contribute to the improvement of brain function可以將答案定位到最后一段。
解析：最后一段前兩句指出，渴望接受新的挑戰(zhàn)，比如老年人創(chuàng)辦新企業(yè)，對大腦功能的改善有所幫助。接下來繼續(xù)指出，開放性——保持好奇心和對知識的渴望，也可以幫助人們通過大腦測試；最后指出，完成拼圖和數(shù)字游戲等推理任務可以增強人們對新體驗的渴望，這反過來可以使大腦重新充滿活力?？偨Y來看，接受新挑戰(zhàn)、保持好奇心和求知欲、渴望新體驗，這些都能使大腦重新充滿活力，故選項A正確。選項C錯在原文沒有提及“規(guī)避風險”，雖然前半句迎接生活中的挑戰(zhàn)是符合原文的，也不能選。選項B和D原文沒有提及，排除。
55.2012年發(fā)表在《心理學與衰老》雜志上的研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么?
A)希望解決難題可以增強一個人的推理能力。
B)玩數(shù)字游戲會出乎意料地刺激一個人的記憶力。
C)渴望新的體驗可以幫助改善大腦。
D)學習新把戲不應該僅限于老狗。
定位：根據(jù)題干關鍵詞2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging可以將答案定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句。
解析：最后一段倒數(shù)第二句指出，2012年發(fā)表在《心理學與衰老》雜志上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，完成拼圖和數(shù)字游戲等推理任務可以增強人們對新體驗的渴望，這反過來可以使大腦重新充滿活力(refres h the brain)。由此可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，推理任務可以增強人們對新體驗的渴望，這種對新體驗的渴望又會幫助改善大腦，故選項C正確。選項C中的renovate與原文中的refresh是同義替換。其他三個選項都與原文不符，可以排除。
