2020年7月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀真題以及答案

英語四級閱讀，作為大學(xué)英語能力的重要評估指標(biāo)，不僅檢驗(yàn)了學(xué)生對詞匯、語法的掌握，更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下，提升這一能力對于拓寬視野、增進(jìn)跨文化交流至關(guān)重要。今天，小編將分享2020年7月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀真題以及答案，希望能為大家提供幫助！

section A

Directions:  In this section,  there is a passage with ten blanks.  You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.  Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices.  Each choice in the bankis identifiedby a letter.  Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

"science and everyday life cannot and should not Be separated." Those  were the words uttered by pioneering British scientist Rosalind Franklin, who firmly believed that the pursuit of science should be 26 to all.

As a woman working in the first half of the 20th century, Franklin's  contriButions to some of the greatest scientific discoveries of our time including the structure of DNA  were  sadly  27  in  her lifetime .

More than 60 years  after  Franklin's  death, we  are  28  living in a different world, where women play an important part in every echelon  (階層)  of our society  not  least in science,  innovation,  higher  education  and  research.  Uk  universities  are  world  leaders  when  it  comes to advancing  and  29  gender equality.

In the past decade , we have seen a  30  increase in England in the number of women accepted on to full-time undergraduate degrees in science,technology,engineering and maths (stem suBjects) . And in the  last  academic  year,women  31  for more than half of all stem  postgraduates  at  Uk universities.

Data shows us the 32 to success gets harder for women to climb the further up they go.Although women make up the majority of undergraduates in our universities,just under half of academic staff are female.At 33 levels,only a quarter of professors are women,and black women make up less than 2% of all female academic staff.

There are also stark differences in pay across grades.The gender pay gap based on median salaries across the sector in 2016 2017 was 13.7%.  34 there is still some way to go to ensure women are rising through the ranks to higher grade positions and being paid  35

A)accessible    F)effective   K)promoting

B)accounted    G)ladder     L)senjor

C)adaptation    H)misrcad   M)submission

D)appropriately  D nomination   N)suggesting

E)considerable     J overlooked   O)thankf ully

答案詳解

26.【考點(diǎn)】語義推斷題

A)【語法判斷】空格位于that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，從句的主語是the pursuit of science,謂語是shouldbe______,因此應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)或者填入形容詞。

【語義判斷】文章首句是富蘭克林的觀點(diǎn)：科學(xué)和日常生活不能也不應(yīng)該被分開。空格所在賓語從句表達(dá)的是富蘭克林堅(jiān)信的觀點(diǎn)。sth.beaccessible to all表示“所有人都可以使用/獲得某物”,將accessible填入空格符合語義，故為答案。

27.【考點(diǎn)】語義推斷題。

J)【語法判斷】空格所在句的主語為Franklin'scontributions,主語后面的tosomeof the greatestscientificdiscoveriesof our time和including thestructure of DNA均為后置定語，修飾主語?？崭裎挥谥^語were sadly _______中，因此應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)或者填入形容詞。

【語義判斷】空格所在句的主干指出，說來遺憾，富蘭克林的貢獻(xiàn)在她的一生中都被_______了。空格前的sadly表示“不幸地，遺憾地”,有負(fù)面含義。備選項(xiàng)中的overlooked填入空格，表示她的貢獻(xiàn)被忽視了，符合句意，故為答案。

28.【考點(diǎn)】副詞辨析題。

O)【語法判斷】空格位于be動(dòng)詞are之后，現(xiàn)在分詞living之前，且句子基本成分完整，因此空格處需要填入一個(gè)副詞來修飾living。

【語義判斷】由上一段可知，富蘭克林生活在她的貢獻(xiàn)被忽視的年代，而空格所在句指出我們生活在不同的世界，女性在各個(gè)階層發(fā)揮著重要作用，由此可知空格處應(yīng)填入正向的詞。結(jié)合備選副詞可知，thankfully“慶幸地，滿懷感激地”符合文義。

29.【考點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。

K)【語法判斷】and連接advancing“推進(jìn)”和空格所填單詞，表示并列，因此推斷空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。

【語義判斷】本句中的advancing.…genderequality表示“推進(jìn)……性別平等”,因此空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)與“推進(jìn)”意思相關(guān)的詞，表達(dá)英國大學(xué)為推進(jìn)性別平等所做的努力。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)可知，promoting“促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)”符合句意。

30.【考點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析題。

E)【語法判斷】空格位于不定冠詞a和名詞increase之間，應(yīng)填入形容詞性的詞來修飾increase。

【語義判斷】上一段提到英國大學(xué)在推進(jìn)和促進(jìn)性別平等方面處于世界領(lǐng)先地位，并列舉了其取得的成就。此處提到，在過去的十年里，我們看到英國攻讀科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)(Stem學(xué)科)全日制本科學(xué)位的女性人數(shù)_________增加。結(jié)合所給形容詞性選項(xiàng)，considerable“相當(dāng)大的”符合語義，故為答案。

31.【考點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析題。

B)【語法判斷】空格所在句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，故判斷應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞。由句首的時(shí)間狀語in the lastacademic year可推斷本句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，故此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的過去式。

【語義判斷】句首And說明本句句意與上句是并列或順承的關(guān)系。上一句提到，在過去的十年里，英國攻讀Stem學(xué)科的女性人數(shù)增加。由此可推斷本句順承上一句指出Stem學(xué)科女性研究生在英國大學(xué)中的占比。空格填入accounted與空后的for搭配，account for“占(一定數(shù)量或比例)”符合句意，故為答案。

32.【考點(diǎn)】名詞辨析題。

G)【語法判斷】由空格前的定冠詞the可推斷空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。

【語義判斷】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處作climb的賓語，即to climb _____to success getsharder。結(jié)合備選名詞選項(xiàng)可知，ladder既可以作“梯子”講，又可以意為“(在機(jī)構(gòu)、專業(yè)或社會(huì)中晉升的)階梯，途徑”,代入原文符合語境，故為答案。

33.【考點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析題。

L)【語法判斷】空格位于介詞At和復(fù)數(shù)名詞levels之間，應(yīng)填入形容詞性的詞修飾levels.

【語義判斷】本段旨在說明越往上，攀登通往成功的階梯對女性來說就越艱難?？崭袂耙痪渲赋觯噪m然在本科生中占大多數(shù)，但在學(xué)術(shù)人員中占比不到一半。接下來應(yīng)該是講在另一個(gè)層面上，女性人數(shù)不多，由professors可知，這個(gè)層次是更高的層次，故選senior。

34.【考點(diǎn)】語義推斷題。

N)【語法判斷】空格前后句子基本成分均完整，因此空格處應(yīng)填入連詞或分詞形式。

【語義判斷】空前句意為：2016年至2017年，基于全行業(yè)薪酬中位數(shù)的性別薪酬差距為13.7%。空格后是要說明該數(shù)據(jù)所表明的問題或意義，結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)，suggesting“顯示，表明”符合此處語境，故為答案。

35.【考點(diǎn)】副詞辨析題。

D)【語法判斷】空格所在分句句子基本成分完整，應(yīng)該填入副詞修飾being paid.

【語義判斷】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，rising throughtheranks to higher grade positions和being paid語法和語義上是并列的，即社會(huì)應(yīng)給予女性的權(quán)利，一個(gè)是晉升到更高級別的職位，一個(gè)是獲得________薪酬。結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)可知，appropriately符合句意，故為答案。

Section B

Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statemenis atlached to it.Each Slatement conlains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Ans ver the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

How to Eat Well

A)Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food.the stuff that is correctly called junk(垃圾)and should really carry warning labels?

B)It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by.Supermarkets offer more variety than ever,and there are over four times as many farmers' markets in the US as there were 20 years ago.Nor is it for lack of available information.There areplenty of recipes(食譜),how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer,smartphone or television.If anything,the information is overwhelming.

C)And yet we aren't cooking.If you eat three meals a day and be have like most Americans,you probably get at least a third of your daily calories(卡路里) outside the home.Nearly two-thirds of us grab fast food once a week,and we get almost 25% of our daily calories from snacks.So we're cating out or taking in,and we don't sit down or we do,but we hurry.

D)Shouldn't preparing and consuming food be a source of comfort,pride,health,well-being,relaxation,sociability?Something that connects us to other humans?Why would we want to outsource(外包) this basic task,especially when outsourcing it is so harmful?

E)When I talk about cooking,I'm not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science projects.I'm talking about simple,easy,everyday meals.My mission is to encourage green bands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves.That means we need modest,realistic expectations,and we need to teach people to cook food that's good enough to share with family and fricnds.

F)Perhaps a return to real cooking needn't be far off.A recent Harris poll revealed that 79% of Americans say they enjoy cooking and 30%“l(fā)ove it”;14% admit to not enjoying kitchen work and just 7% won't go near the stove at all.But this doesn't necessarily translate to real cooking,and the result of this survey shouldn't surprise anyone:52% of those 65 or older cook at home five or more times per week;only a third of young people do.

G)Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in houscholds where Mom cooked virtually every night.The intention to put a home-cooked meal on the table was pretty much universal.Most people couldn't afford to do other wise.

H) Although frozen dinners were invented in the,40s,  their  popularity didn,t Boom until televisions Became popular a decade or so later .  since then,  packaged,  pre-prepared meals have Been what,s for dinner.  The microwave and fast-food chains were the Biggest catalysts  (催化劑),  But  the  Big food companies    which want to sell anything except the raw ingredients that go into cooking    made the home cook an endangered species .

I) still,  I find it strange that only a third of young people report preparing meals at home regularly.  Isn,t this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn,t this the generation who say they,re concerned aBout their health and the well-Being of the planet? If these are truly the values of many young people,  then their Behavior doesn,t match their Beliefs.

J) There have been half-hearted but well-puBlicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods,  but the standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of  the healthy,  mostly  plant- Based  diet  that  just  about  every  expert  says  we  should  Be  eating.  considering  that  the  government,s standards are not nearly ambitious enough,  the picture is clear:  by not cooking at home ,  we're not eating the right things,  and the consequences are hard to overstate .

K) To help quantify  (量化)  the costs of a poor diet,  I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food,  the burger  (漢堡包) .  I concluded that the profit from burgers is more than offset  (抵消)  by the damage they cause in health proBlems and environmental harm.

L) Cooking real food is the best defense   not to mention that any meal you,re likely to eat at home contains aBout 200 fewer calories than one you would eat in a restaurant.

M) To those Americans for whom money is a concern ,  my advice is simple:  Buy what you can afford,  and cook it yourself.   The  common  prescription  is  to  primarily  shop  the  grocery store ,   since  that,s where  fresh produce,  meat and seafood,  and dairy are .  And to save money and still eat well you don't need local,  organic ingredients;  all you need is real food.  I'm not saying local food isn,t Better;  it is .  But there is plenty of decent food in the grocery stores .

N) The other sections you should get to know are the frozen foods and the canned goods . Frozen produce is still produce;  canned tomatoes are still tomatoes .  Just make sure you,re getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar .  Ask yourself,  would Grandma consider this food? Does it look like something that might occur in nature? It's pretty much commonsense :  you want to buy food,  not unidentifiaBle foodlike objects .

O) You don't have to hit the grocery store daily,  nor do you need an aBundance of skill.  Since fewer than half of Americans say they cook at an intermediate level and only 20% descriBe their cooking skills as advanced,  the crisis is one of confidence. And the only remedy for that is practice . There's nothing mysterious about cooking the evening meal.  You just have to do a little thinking ahead and redefine what qualifies as dinner .  Like any skill,  cooking gets easier as you do it more ;  everytime you cook,  you advance your level of skills .  someday you won't even need recipes .  My advice is that you not pay attention to the numBer of steps and ingredients,  because they can be deceiving.

P) Time,  I realize ,  is the biggest obstacle to cooking for most people .  You must adjust your priorities to find time to cook.  For instance,  you can move a TV to the kitchen and watch your favorite shows while you're standing at the sink.  No one is asking you to give up activities you like,  but if you,re watching food shows on TV,  try cooking instead.

36.  Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.

37.  Abundant information aBout cooking is available either online or on TV.

38.  Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days . 

39.  Cooking skills can be improved with practice .

40.  In the mid-20th century,most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.

41.  Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and their family. 

42.  Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences .

43.  To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves . 

44.  we get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks .

45.  The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food. 

答案詳解

36.【定位】由connect with oneanother定位到D)段前兩句。

D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句都是反問句，這兩句的真實(shí)意思是說，烹飪和享用食物會(huì)讓人們感到

舒適、驕傲、健康、幸福、休閑以及與人交往的快樂，能夠?qū)⑽覀兣c他人聯(lián)系在一起。題干是對這兩句的歸納總結(jié)，故答案為D)。

37.【定位】由題干中的information、online和TV定位到B)段后三句。

B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位段前半部分說明，在美國，購買用于烹飪的食材非常方便。定位句提到，信息也是足夠充足，只要有電腦、智能手機(jī)或電視，任何人都可以接觸到大量的食譜、教學(xué)視頻和烹飪課程，應(yīng)該說，此類信息鋪天蓋地。題干是對這三句的歸納總結(jié)，故答案為B)。

38.【定位】由題干中的Young people和the elderly定位到F)段末句。

F)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位段中通過數(shù)據(jù)提示了目前美國人對于在家做飯這件事情的態(tài)度，最后涉及年輕人和上年紀(jì)的人做飯的不同頻率：在65歲及以上年齡的人群中，有52%的人每周至少在家做五次飯；而年輕人中，只有三分之一的人這樣做。不到三分之一與52%相比，明顯要少。題干是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為F)。

39.【定位】由題干中的practice定位到O)段第三句。

O)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位段開頭就指出，做飯不需要擁有大量的技巧，并在定位句中明確指出，唯一的辦法就是實(shí)踐。后面提到，每做一頓飯，烹飪水平就會(huì)提高一點(diǎn)，故答案為O)。

40.【定位】由題干中的mid-20th century定位到G)段。

G)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位段中指出，20世紀(jì)50年代，在我們大多數(shù)人成長的家庭中，媽媽幾乎每天晚上都會(huì)做飯。將家常飯菜擺上桌是非常普遍的想法。當(dāng)時(shí)大多數(shù)人沒有出去吃的經(jīng)濟(jì)能力。也就是說，那時(shí)大多數(shù)家庭都不會(huì)外出就餐，而是自己在家做飯吃。題干中的mid-20thcentury是對原文中1950s的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干是對該段的歸納總結(jié)，故答案為G)。

41.【定位】由題干中的short of time or money、encouraged和family定位到E)段第三、四句。

E)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，對于新手和那些沒時(shí)間或沒錢的人來說，也應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)他們自

己喂飽自己，學(xué)會(huì)烹飪，與家人和朋友分享做好的食物。題干中的short of是對原文中l(wèi)acking的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為E)。

42.【定位】由題干中的consequences定位到J)段末句。

J【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，政府對于食品安全的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并不十分嚴(yán)格，如果人們再不注意，還是大量食用非家庭烹制的食品，其后果十分嚴(yán)重，而且再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)后果的嚴(yán)重性都不過分。也就是說，會(huì)造成極其嚴(yán)重的后果，題干中的cause serious consequences是對原文中theconsequences are hard to overstate的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為J。

43.【定位】由題干中的eat well、save money和cook it themselves定位到M)段前三句。

M)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位段開頭就指出，對于那些經(jīng)濟(jì)上不怎么寬裕的美國人來說，作者的建議很簡單：購買那些能買得起的東西，自己做飯。接下來，作者向人們推薦了銷售新鮮食材的小型雜貨店，說想要既省錢又吃好，不見得要去購買有機(jī)食材，只要是真正的食物就可以了。題干是對這三句的歸納總結(jié)，故答案為M)。

44.【定位】由題干中的calories和snacks定位到C)段第二、三句

C)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位段中通過數(shù)字說明了快餐和零食所含的高熱量。根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)，人們每日卡路里攝入量中，可能至少有三分之一不是來自家常飯菜。有將近三分之二的人一周吃一次快餐，我們從零食中獲取的卡路里幾乎能達(dá)到日?？防飻z入量的將近25%。題干是對定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為C)。

45.【定位】由題干中的popularity,TV和frozenfood定位到HD段首句。

H)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。由定位句可知，雖然在20世紀(jì)40年代就發(fā)明了冷凍食品，但直到十幾年之后，它們才在電視機(jī)普及后受到人們的大肆歡迎。題干是對原文theirpopularity didn'tboom until televisions became popular的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為HD。

section C

Directions! There are 2 passages in this section .  Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements .  For each of them there are four choices markedA),B), C) andD) .  You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre . 

passage one

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the foLLowing passage.

The wallet is heading for extinction .  As a day-to-day essential , it will die off with the generation who read print  newspapers .  The  kind  of  shopping   where  you  handover  notes  and  countout  change  in return   now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters , like buying a Bar of chocolate or a pint of  milk,  from  a  corner  shop.  At  the  shops  where  you  spend  any  real  money,  that  money  is increasingly abstracted.  And  this  is  more  and more  true, the higher up the scale you go .  At  the most cutting-edge retail stores   Victoria Beckham on Dover street, for instance   you don't go and stand at any kind of cash register, when you decide  to pay.  The staff are equipped with ipads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa .

which is nothing more or less than excellent service , if you have the money.  But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy.  Maybe I'm just old-fashioned.  But earning money isn't quick or easy for most of us .  Isn't it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼)  of an eye? Doesn't a wallet   that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness   represent something that matters*

But I'll leave the economics to the experts . What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment.  Everything about the look and feel of a wallet   the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets    is  the very opposite of what our world is becoming.  The opposite of  a wallet is a smartphone or an ipad.  The rounded edges , cool  glass, smooth and unknowable  as  a  pebble   (鵝 卵 石) .  Instead  of  digging  through  pieces  of  paper  and  peering  into corners , we move our fingers left and right.  No more counting out coins .  show your wallet, if  you still have one .  It may not be here much longer . 

46. What is happening to the wallet

A)  It is disappearing. 

B)  It is being fattened. 

C)  It is becoming costly.

D)  It is changing in style .

47. How are business transactions done in big modern stores?

A) Individually.                                                           

B) Electronically.  

C) In the abstract.                                                        

D) via a cash register.

48. What makes the author feel uncomfortaBle nowadays?

A) Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.

B) The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading. 

C) Earning money is getting more difficult.

D) Spending money is so fast and easy.

49. Why does the author choose to write aBout what,s happening to the wallet?

A) It represents a change in the modern world.

B) It has something to do with everyBody,s life.    

C) It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition . 

D) It is the concern of contemporary economists.

50. What can we infer from the passage about the author?

A) He is resistant to social changes.

B) He is against technological progress.

C) He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.  

D) He feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world.

答案詳解

46.【定位】由題干中的happening to the wallet定位到首段第一句。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。首段開篇點(diǎn)明，錢包正在走向滅絕。因此，A)“它正在消失”符合文義，故答案為A)。

【避錯(cuò)】文章第二段末句提到了fatness,作者在此描述了歷來錢包里厚厚的一沓錢所帶來的美好感覺，而非錢包的現(xiàn)狀，故排除B);文章指出，錢包正在走向滅絕，即使用的人越來越少，由此可知，錢包的價(jià)格應(yīng)隨著銷售量減少而降低，不大可能變得昂貴，文中也未提及錢包是否變得昂貴，故排除C);文中未提及錢包的風(fēng)格是否發(fā)生改變，故排除D)。

47.【定位】由題干中的in big modernstores定位到首段最后兩句。

B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，在高端的維多利亞·貝克漢姆商店里，人們不需要站在收銀臺(tái)前付款，在沙發(fā)上休息時(shí)用電子設(shè)備即可付款。因此，答案為B)。

【避錯(cuò)】文中未提及商品交易是否單獨(dú)完成，故排除A);C)是根據(jù)首段第四句中money is increasingl yabstracted設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，這里是說錢變得越來越抽象，而不是商業(yè)交易的方式變得抽象，故排除C);定位句提到，當(dāng)你決定付錢的時(shí)候，不需要站在任何收銀臺(tái)前，即不需要使用收銀機(jī)，故排除D)。

48.【定位】由題干中的uncomfortable定位到第二段第二至五句

D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。第二段介紹作者的看法。定位句指出，現(xiàn)金概念的抽象化使作者感到不安。究其原因是作者認(rèn)為掙錢不容易，而花錢卻在一眨眼的瞬間。D)“花錢如此快速輕松”符合文義，故答案為D)。

【避錯(cuò)】文中未提及存錢的改變，故排除A);第二段最后一句提到了周五晚上愉快的感覺，但沒有指出這種感覺是否在消逝，故排除B);第二段第四句提到，對于大多數(shù)人來說，掙錢并不是迅速簡單的事，但沒有提及掙錢是否變得更加困難，故排除C)。

49.【定位】由題干中的Why和what's happeningtothe wallet定位到第三段第二句。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。what's happening to thewallet指的是錢包正在走向滅絕這一趨勢。定位句提到，錢包的消失給作者帶來的困擾是關(guān)于它所代表的在客觀環(huán)境中發(fā)生的改變。因此，A)“它代表現(xiàn)代世界的變化”符合文義，故答案為A)。

【避錯(cuò)】B)“它與每個(gè)人的生活有關(guān)”和C)“它標(biāo)志著一個(gè)歷史悠久的傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)束”是原文提到的事實(shí)，但并不是作者寫作的原因，因此排除；第三段首句提到把經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)留給專家，暗指作者要表述的錢包問題不屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)范疇，D)“它是當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家所關(guān)心的事”是對本句的曲解，因此排除。

50.【定位】由題干中的infer from thepasage定位到整篇文章。

C)【精析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了隨著科技的發(fā)展，錢包逐漸消失的問題。文章最后一句指出，如果你還有錢包的話就展示出來吧。它也許不會(huì)長存于世了。這表達(dá)了作者不愿意舍棄傳統(tǒng)錢包，因此答案為C)。

【避錯(cuò)】通讀全文可知，作者只是表達(dá)了由于科技迅速發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)支付方式被逐漸取代的不安和擔(dān)憂，并沒有抵制社會(huì)改變或反對科技進(jìn)步，也沒有表達(dá)在瞬息萬變的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中沒有安全感，故可

排除A)、B)和D)。

passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the foLLowing passage.

It's late in the evening:  time to close the book and turn off the computer . You're done for the day. What you may not realize ,  however,  is that the learning process actually continues  in your dreams.

It might  sound  like  science  fiction,  but  researchers  are  increasingly  focusing  on  the  relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and  the  fragmented ,  often bizarre imaginings they  generate  at  night.   scientists  have  found  that  dreaming  about  a  task  we've  learned  is associated with improved performance in that activity ( suggesting that there's some truth to the popular notion that we're “ getting” a foreign language once we Begin dreaming in it) .  what's more,  researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding ,  organizing and retaining what we learn.

While we sleep ,  research  indicates,  the  brain  replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours,  allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural (神經(jīng)的)  virtual reality.  A vivid example of such replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders.  They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking ,  in which the sleeper engages in the kind physical movement that does not normally occur during sleep.  They then videotaped the subjects as they slept.  Lying in bed,  eyes  closed,  one  female patient on the  tape performs the dance moves she learned earlier.

This shows  that  while  our  bodies  are  at  rest,   our  brains  are  drawing  what,s  important  from  the information and events we,ve recently encountered ,  then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know.  In a 2010 study,  resear chers at Harvard Medical school reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze (迷宮) task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to find their way through the maze compared with participants who did not dream about the task.

Robert stickgold,  one  of  the  Harvard  researchers,  suggests  that  studying  right  before  bedtime  or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material.  Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.

51.  What is scientists, finding about dreaming?

A) It involves disconnected, weird images.

B) It resembles fragments of science fiction.

C) Dreaming about a learned task bettersits performance.

D) Dreaming about things being learned disturbs one's sleep.

52. What happens when one enters a dream state?

A) The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake.

B) The neural activity of the brain will become intensified.

C) The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game. 

D) The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.

53. What does the brain do while we are sleeping?

A) It systematizes all the data collected during the day.

B) It substitutes old information with new data.

C) It processes and absorbs newly acquired data.

D) It classifies information and places it in different files.

54.What does Robert stickgold suggest about enhancing learning? 

A) Having a little sleep after studying in the day.

B) staying up late before going to bed.

C) Having a dream about anything.

D) Thinking about the odds of dreaming about the material.

55.What can be inferred about dreaming from the passage?

A) We may enhance our learning through dreaming.

B) Dreaming improves your language aBility.

C) All sleepwalkers perform dance moves when they are sleeping.

D) Taking a nap after learning can help you find the way through the maze.

答案詳解

51.【定位】由題干中的scientists'finding aboutdreaming定位到第二段第二句。

C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，夢到我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過的一項(xiàng)任務(wù)與在該活動(dòng)中的表現(xiàn)有所提高有關(guān)。由此可知，夢到一項(xiàng)學(xué)過的任務(wù)會(huì)改善它的表現(xiàn)，故答案為C)。

【避錯(cuò)】本段第一句提到，研究人員越來越關(guān)注我們的大腦在白天吸收的知識(shí)和技能與它們在夜間產(chǎn)生的零碎的、經(jīng)常是奇異的想象之間的關(guān)系。由此可知，我們的大腦會(huì)在夜間產(chǎn)生零碎的、奇異的想象，而不是夢到不連貫的、奇異的圖像，故排除A)“它包括不連貫的、奇異的圖像”;本段開頭提到，這聽起來可能像科幻小說，但研究人員正越來越關(guān)注我們的大腦在白天吸收的知識(shí)和技能與它們在夜間產(chǎn)生的零碎的、經(jīng)常是奇異的想象之間的關(guān)系。由此可知，作者并不認(rèn)為做夢像科幻小說，而是指大腦在夜間產(chǎn)生的想象與白天的經(jīng)歷有關(guān)這一點(diǎn)像科幻小說，故排除B)“它就像科幻小說的片段”;文中并未提及D)“夢到正在學(xué)習(xí)的東西會(huì)干擾睡眠”,故排除。

52.【定位】由題干中的a dream state定位到第三段第一句。

D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，當(dāng)我們進(jìn)入睡眠，大腦回放它在我們清醒時(shí)所經(jīng)歷的活動(dòng)的模式，使我們進(jìn)入一種某位心理學(xué)家稱為神經(jīng)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的狀態(tài)。由此可知，當(dāng)我們睡著時(shí)，大腦會(huì)再到學(xué)習(xí)一次體驗(yàn)白天的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)，故答案為D)。

【避錯(cuò)】文中并未提及A)“身體繼續(xù)像睡眠者醒著一樣活動(dòng)”、B)“大腦的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)會(huì)變得更加活躍”和C)“大腦像在玩虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)電子游戲”,故均排除。

53.【定位】由題干中的brain和sleeping以及選項(xiàng)定位到第四段第一句。

C)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句提到，當(dāng)我們的身體處于休息狀態(tài)時(shí)，我們的大腦會(huì)從我們最近接觸到的信息和事件中提取重要信息，然后將這些信息整合到我們已知的大量信息中。提取、整合信息的過程也就是處理、吸收信息的過程。由此可推斷，在睡眠狀態(tài)下，大腦處理和吸收新獲得的信息，故答案為C)。

【避錯(cuò)】定位句提到，大腦提取重要的新信息，并整合到已有的大量信息中，但并不是將所有信息都系統(tǒng)化，故排除A):定位句說的是大腦將新信息整合到已知信息中，而不是替代已知信息，故排除B);文中并沒有提到大腦將信息分類并把它放在不同的文件中，故排除D)。

54.【定位】由題干中的Robert Stickgold和suggest定位到文章最后一段第一句。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，羅伯特·斯蒂克戈?duì)柕陆ㄗh，在睡覺前學(xué)習(xí)或者在下午學(xué)習(xí)后小睡一會(huì)兒，可能會(huì)增加夢到這些材料的可能性。由此可知，白天學(xué)習(xí)后小睡一會(huì)兒可能會(huì)增加夢到學(xué)習(xí)材料的可能性，進(jìn)而提高學(xué)習(xí)能力，故A)為答案。

【避錯(cuò)】定位句說的是在睡覺前學(xué)習(xí)可能會(huì)增加夢到學(xué)習(xí)材料的可能性，而不是說睡前熬夜到很晚，故排除B);定位句指出，在學(xué)習(xí)前或?qū)W習(xí)后睡覺可能會(huì)增加夢到學(xué)習(xí)材料的可能性，并不是說夢到什么都可以，故排除C);定位段最后一句順承前文指出，當(dāng)你的頭碰到枕頭的時(shí)候，想一想這個(gè)，即想一想這個(gè)建議，而不是想一想夢到學(xué)習(xí)材料的可能性，故排除D)。

55.【定位】本題需要統(tǒng)覽整篇文章得出答案。

A)【精析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了幾個(gè)與做夢相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，指出做夢可能使人們提高學(xué)習(xí)能力，故答案為A)。

【避錯(cuò)】文章第二段第二句提到了一個(gè)流行觀點(diǎn)，即一旦開始夢到外語，我們就正在“掌握”這門外語。作者通過介紹科學(xué)家的發(fā)現(xiàn)證明這個(gè)流行觀點(diǎn)是有一定道理的，但并不能證明做夢可以提高語言能力，故排除B);文章第三段提到了研究人員拍攝的一段關(guān)于睡眠障礙的視頻，他們教一組有諸如夢游等癥狀的病人跳一連串的舞蹈動(dòng)作。在夢游狀態(tài)下，病人會(huì)做一些在睡眠中通常不會(huì)出現(xiàn)的身體動(dòng)作。研究人員對受試者的睡眠過程進(jìn)行了錄像，發(fā)現(xiàn)一位女病人閉著眼睛躺在床上，做著她之前學(xué)過的舞蹈動(dòng)作。由此可知，這位病人是在刻意學(xué)習(xí)了舞蹈動(dòng)作以后才出現(xiàn)了在睡夢中做舞蹈動(dòng)作的行為，而非所有夢游者都會(huì)出現(xiàn)這一行為，故排除C);文章最后一段提到羅伯特·斯蒂克戈?duì)柕碌慕ㄗh：在睡覺前學(xué)習(xí)或者在下午學(xué)習(xí)后小睡一會(huì)兒，可能會(huì)增加夢見這些材料的可能性。但并不能由此推出學(xué)習(xí)后小睡一會(huì)兒會(huì)幫助你在迷宮中找到路，故排除D)。