英語(yǔ)四級(jí)難度提升閱讀訓(xùn)練 Text 8

Text 8

When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group — the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) — has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.

NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.

In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning." Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.

NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still "up in the air".

1.We can learn from the first paragraph that_______.

A.federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans

B.the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning

C.NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique

D.the White House has got the panel's recommendations on cloning

2.The panel agreed on all of the following EXCEPT that_______.

A.the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law

B.the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control

C.it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning

D.it would be against ethical values to clone a human being

3.NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because_______.

A.embryo research is just a current development of cloning

B.the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research

C.an embryo's life will not be endangered in embryo research

D.the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law

4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_______.

A.some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely

B.a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time

C.privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal

D.the issue of human cloning will soon be settled

5.The best title for this article is "________".

A.Legislation for Opposing Human Cloning　B.Draft of Anti-human Cloning

C.Complete Ban on Human Cloning　　　　D.No Funding Used for Human Cloning

長(zhǎng)難例句分析

［長(zhǎng)難例句］Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.

［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］本句中，主語(yǔ)是he，兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)是ordered和asked。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although no one had proposed to do so作為補(bǔ)充成分，對(duì)前面的句子進(jìn)一步加以限定，說明克林頓對(duì)此事極為重視。chaired by...作定語(yǔ)修飾independent panel of experts。前面的Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因。

［參考譯文］他宣稱反對(duì)利用這種特殊的畜牧業(yè)技術(shù)克隆人類，同時(shí)下令禁止使用聯(lián)邦基金做這種實(shí)驗(yàn)——雖然還沒有人提出要這樣做。他要求成立一個(gè)由普林斯頓大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)哈Harold Shapiro領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立專家小組，在90天內(nèi)就關(guān)于克隆人的國(guó)家政策問題寫出報(bào)告，向白宮匯報(bào)。

全文參考譯文

當(dāng)蘇格蘭的一個(gè)研究小組透露3個(gè)月前他們已克隆了一只成年綿羊時(shí)，世界為之震驚，克林頓總統(tǒng)立即作出反應(yīng)。他宣稱他反對(duì)利用這種特殊的畜牧業(yè)技術(shù)去克隆人類，同時(shí)下令禁止使用聯(lián)邦基金做這種實(shí)驗(yàn)——雖然還沒有人提出要這樣做。他要求成立一個(gè)由普林斯頓大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)Harold Shapiro領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立專家小組，在90天內(nèi)就關(guān)于克隆人的國(guó)家政策問題寫出報(bào)告，向白宮匯報(bào)。這個(gè)專家組名為全國(guó)生物倫理道德顧問委員會(huì)（NBAC），此后它一直在積極而熱情地為之工作，集眾所長(zhǎng)，寫出報(bào)告。在5月17日的一次會(huì)議上，委員們就將近定稿的報(bào)告書達(dá)成了共識(shí)。

NBAC將要求克林頓總統(tǒng)在有關(guān)聯(lián)邦基金不能用于克隆人的90天禁令無限期延長(zhǎng)，并就此立法?？蒒BAC委員們計(jì)劃在提案的言辭上更為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，以防止給克隆人體DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）或細(xì)胞等方面研究帶來更多的限制——因?yàn)樵诜肿由飳W(xué)中這種研究屬于常規(guī)研究項(xiàng)目。但是。這個(gè)專家組在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題上還未達(dá)成共識(shí)，即是否建議立法，規(guī)定利用私人基金克隆人應(yīng)視為犯罪。

在5月17日開會(huì)討論的報(bào)告序言草稿中，Shapiro表示專家們已達(dá)成廣泛的共識(shí)，認(rèn)為“試圖用成人細(xì)胞核去克隆嬰兒是違背倫理道德的”。他在會(huì)議期間解釋說，倫理道德上禁止的主要原因是擔(dān)心對(duì)嬰兒的健康產(chǎn)生危害。隨后，專家們非正式地達(dá)成幾種一般的結(jié)論，盡管有些細(xì)節(jié)還未解決。

NBAC計(jì)劃號(hào)召持續(xù)禁止出于任何目的使用聯(lián)邦政府基金利用人體細(xì)胞核來克隆嬰孩。原因是現(xiàn)行聯(lián)邦政府法律已經(jīng)禁止使用聯(lián)邦基金創(chuàng)造供研究用的胚胎（即人類后代出生前的萌芽階段）或潛意識(shí)地危害胚胎的生命，但NBAC的報(bào)告將并不反對(duì)胚胎的研究。

NBAC成員宣稱：他們要呼吁由私人出資的研究人員和機(jī)構(gòu)不要嘗試通過利用人體細(xì)胞核克隆人?？伤麄?cè)谑欠襁M(jìn)一步要求聯(lián)邦政府用法律強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行完全禁止克隆人這一問題上存在分歧。Shapiro和大多數(shù)委員贊成此觀念，可在電話采訪中他透露，這仍是個(gè)“懸而未決”的問題。

題目答案與解析

1.我們從第一段可以了解到，________。

A.聯(lián)邦基金已經(jīng)被用于一個(gè)克隆人的項(xiàng)目　B.白宮對(duì)有關(guān)克隆的消息反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈

C.NBAC被授權(quán)控制濫用克隆技術(shù)　　　　　D.白宮已經(jīng)得到專家小組有關(guān)克隆問題的建議

【答案】B

【解析】從文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，一個(gè)蘇格蘭研究小組披露他們克隆了一只成年羊后，克林頓總統(tǒng)迅速采取行動(dòng)；他宣稱他反對(duì)利用這種畜牧業(yè)技術(shù)克隆人類，并下令禁止聯(lián)邦基金用于此類實(shí)驗(yàn)，要求一個(gè)獨(dú)立專家小組在90天內(nèi)向白宮提交報(bào)告，為國(guó)家有關(guān)克隆人類的政策提出建議；該小組將其明智的看法寫成公文，在5月17日舉行的會(huì)議上，小組成員一致同意這份差不多是定稿的建議報(bào)告。據(jù)此可知，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)對(duì)有關(guān)克隆的消息反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈，并迅速采取行動(dòng)。B項(xiàng)與文章的意思相符，因此為正確答案。

2.除_______之外，專家小組對(duì)下面所有說法都同意。

A.聯(lián)邦基金不得用于克隆人類的禁令應(yīng)該被制定成為法律

B.克隆人類的DNA將不會(huì)受到更多控制

C.使用私人基金克隆人類的行為是犯罪行為

D.克隆人類將違背道德價(jià)值觀

【答案】C

【解析】從文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知，專家小組對(duì)是否建議將私人基金用于克隆人類的行為法定為犯罪行為，尚未達(dá)成一致意見；從第三段的內(nèi)容可知，Shapiro暗示，“從道義上講，試圖克隆成人的細(xì)胞核以克隆出嬰兒的做法令人難以接受”，專家小組在這一點(diǎn)上已達(dá)成共識(shí)。據(jù)此可知，只有C項(xiàng)與文章第二段最后一句話的意思不符，因此C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.NBAC將不討論胚胎的研究問題，因?yàn)開_______。

A.胚胎研究只是克隆的流行發(fā)展

B.嬰兒的健康不是胚胎研究主要關(guān)心的問題

C.在胚胎研究中，胚胎的生命不會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)

D.這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)得到法律的清晰陳述，并被載入法律之中

【答案】D

【解析】本題可參照文章的第四段。從中可知，因?yàn)槟壳暗穆?lián)邦法律已經(jīng)禁止聯(lián)邦基金用于克隆胚胎以進(jìn)行研究或故意危害胚胎的生命，所以NBAS將對(duì)胚胎研究不發(fā)表意見。據(jù)此可知，NBAC之所以不討論胚胎研究問題，是因?yàn)槁?lián)邦法律已經(jīng)禁止將聯(lián)邦基金用于胚胎研究。D項(xiàng)與文章的意思相符，因此為正確答案。

4.可以從最后一段推知，________。

A.一些NBAC成員對(duì)完全禁止克隆人類猶豫不決

B.一項(xiàng)禁止克隆人類的法律將馬上被通過

C.受私人基金資助的研究人員將積極響應(yīng)NBAC的呼吁

D.克隆人類的問題將很快得到解決

【答案】A

【解析】本題可參照文章的最后一段。從中可知，對(duì)于是否進(jìn)一步要求制定一項(xiàng)完全禁止克隆人類的聯(lián)邦法律，NBAC的成員意見不一致；Shapiro和大多數(shù)成員贊成要求制定這樣的法律，但在一次電話采訪中，他說，這個(gè)問題仍然“懸而未決”。據(jù)此可知：并不是所有的NBAC成員都贊成完全禁止克隆人類。A項(xiàng)與文中的意思相符，因此為正確答案。

5.本文的最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是“______”。

A.為反對(duì)克隆人類而立法　　B.反對(duì)克隆人類的草案

C.完全禁止克隆人類　　　　D.不為克隆人類而投資

【答案】B

【解析】本文講述的是克林頓政府對(duì)克隆技術(shù)作出的反應(yīng)。核心是防止克隆技術(shù)用在人類身上，但是到底是否要為此立法，沒有統(tǒng)一意見。因此，所做的草案是主要結(jié)果，它包含了是否為克隆人類立法的問題，所以B選項(xiàng)比A選項(xiàng)更貼切。