英語(yǔ)四級(jí)難度提升閱讀訓(xùn)練 Text 1

Text 1

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, mark

Y(for YES)　　　　if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N(for NO)　　　　　if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG(for NOT GIVEN)　if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online

Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.

The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims, of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized.

Identity theft is "all absolute epidemic," states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy. "It's certainly picked up in the last four or five years. It's worldwide. It affects everybody, and there's very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can't detect it until it's probably too late."

Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, your personal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims' names. In many eases, a victim's losses may include not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible.

According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to a successful online job search is learning to manage the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the Internet.

1.Cheek for a Privacy Policy

If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search site you are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerBuilder.com. The policy should spell out how your information will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice about posting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors（推銷員）.

When reviewing the site's privacy policy, you'll be able to delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You won't necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive.

2.Take Advantage of Site Features

Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objectives and the level of risk you are willing to assume.

CareerBuilder.com, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadest employer audience possible.

The second is anonymous（匿名的）posting. This allows job seekers the same visibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose which pieces of contact information to display.

The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post a resume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear on CareerBuilder.com without retyping their information.

3.Safeguard Your Identity

Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic（泛指的）identifier, such as "Intranet Developer Candidate" or "Experienced Marketing Representative”.

You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use a general description of the company such as "Major auto manufacturer", or "International packaged goods supplier."

If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned by your employer.

4.Establish All Email Address for Your Search

Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someone you don't know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others.

Using an email address specifically for your job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn't contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as [email protected].

5.Protect Your References

If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. There's no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references.

6.Keep Confident（rmation Confidential

Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver's license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Don't provide this even if they say they need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book—don't fall for it.

1.Robert Ellis Smith believes identity theft is difficult to detect and one can hardly do anything to prevent it.

2.In many cases, identity theft not only causes the victims' immediate financial losses but costs them a lot to restore their reputation.

3.Identity theft is a minor offence and its harm has been somewhat overestimated.

4.It is important that your resume not stay online longer than is necessary.

5.Of the three options offered by CareerBuilder.com in Suggestion 2, the third one is apparently most strongly recommended.

6.Employers require applicants to submit very personal information on background checks.

7.Applicants are advised to use generic names for themselves and their current employers when seeking employment online.

8.Using a special email address in the job search can help prevent you from receiving_______________.

9.To protect your references, you should not post online their___________________________________.

10.According to the passage, identity theft is committed typically for____________________________.

1.【答案】Y

【解析】依據(jù)第三段末句“It affects everybody, and there's very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can't detect it until it's probably too late.”通過(guò)這句話可知，身份信息被竊取會(huì)影響到每一個(gè)人，人們對(duì)此卻無(wú)能為力。最糟糕的是，當(dāng)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)身份信息被竊取時(shí)，可能為時(shí)已晚。據(jù)此判斷，本題答案是Y。

2.【答案】Y

【解析】依據(jù)第四段末句“In many cases, a victim's losses may include not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated...”通過(guò)這句話可知，在許多情況下，受害人必須承受的損失不僅是金錢上的實(shí)際損失，而且還包括受害人試圖恢復(fù)其在公眾中的聲譽(yù)、修正其不良信息時(shí)，不得不承擔(dān)的其他大量的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。據(jù)此判斷，本題答案是Y。

3.【答案】N

【解析】依據(jù)第五段首句“According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet.”通過(guò)這句話可知，根據(jù)FBI的調(diào)查結(jié)果，個(gè)人信息欺詐是網(wǎng)上欺詐行為最多的一種。第二段最后兩句“A recent...estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime...”通過(guò)這兩句話可知，根據(jù)總會(huì)計(jì)署的報(bào)告，在美國(guó)。每年身份信息被竊取的人數(shù)高達(dá)75萬(wàn)。這有可能只是保守估計(jì)，因?yàn)橛行┤思词贡桓`取了身份信息，也不去報(bào)警。據(jù)此判斷，本題答案是N。

4.【答案】Y

【解析】依據(jù)第一小標(biāo)題第二段第二句“You won't necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job.”通過(guò)這句話可知，一旦自己找到了工作，就不必再將簡(jiǎn)歷發(fā)布在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上了。據(jù)此判斷，本題答案是Y。

5.【答案】NG

【解析】依據(jù)第二小標(biāo)題首段第二句“Before posting your resume, carefully consider your job search objectives and the level of risk you are willing to assume.”通過(guò)這句話可知，在發(fā)布簡(jiǎn)歷之前，要仔細(xì)考慮自己的求職目標(biāo)以及自己愿意承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度。接下來(lái)分別介紹三種保護(hù)隱私的簡(jiǎn)歷發(fā)布形式。據(jù)此判斷，本題答案是NC。

6.【答案】N

【解析】依據(jù)第六小標(biāo)題第二句“Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application.”通過(guò)這句話可知，真正的雇主在求職者初次申請(qǐng)工作時(shí)并不需要這些信息。據(jù)此判斷，本題答案是N。

7.【答案】Y

【解析】依據(jù)第三小標(biāo)題首段末句“Replace your name on your resume with a generic identifier, such as...”通過(guò)這句話可知，在簡(jiǎn)歷上改換名字，使用一些泛指的稱呼，如"企業(yè)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)開(kāi)發(fā)員職位應(yīng)聘人"或者"經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的營(yíng)銷業(yè)務(wù)代理"等。又據(jù)第二段首句“You should also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer.”通過(guò)這句話可知，求職者應(yīng)該考慮刪除現(xiàn)在雇主的姓名和地址。據(jù)以上內(nèi)容判斷，本題答案是Y。

8.【答案】unwelcome emails

【解析】依據(jù)第四小標(biāo)題第二段首句“Using an email address specifically for your job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox.”通過(guò)這句話可知，開(kāi)立一個(gè)專門(mén)用來(lái)進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上求職的電子郵件賬戶還能使自己的常用郵箱免受垃圾郵件的騷擾。據(jù)此判斷，本題答案是unwelcome emails。

9.【答案】names and contact information／private contact information

【解析】依據(jù)第五小標(biāo)題“If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references, take it out. There's no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references.”通過(guò)這段話可知，如果你的簡(jiǎn)歷上包含介紹證明人的姓名和聯(lián)系信息的部分，一定要?jiǎng)h除。想要保護(hù)自己的個(gè)人信息，卻公開(kāi)自己證明人的聯(lián)系信息，這樣做是不對(duì)的。據(jù)此判斷，本題答案是names and contact information／private contact information。

10.【答案】economic gain

【解析】依據(jù)第一段“Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to...in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.”通過(guò)這段話可知，“竊取身份信息”和“身份信息欺詐”這兩個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)指各種類型的通過(guò)欺詐等不正當(dāng)方式，尤指以獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)利益為目的，非法獲取和使用他人身份信息的犯罪行為。據(jù)此判斷，本題答案是economic gain。

參考譯文

網(wǎng)上求職請(qǐng)注意保護(hù)個(gè)人隱私

“竊取身份信息”和“身份信息欺詐”這兩個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)指各種類型的通過(guò)欺詐等不正當(dāng)方式，尤指以獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)利益為目的，非法獲取和使用他人身份信息的犯罪行為。

最近，與竊取身份信息相關(guān)的數(shù)字不斷增長(zhǎng)。來(lái)自總審計(jì)局的一份最近的報(bào)告估計(jì)美國(guó)每年身份信息被竊取的人數(shù)高達(dá)75萬(wàn)。這有可能只是保守估計(jì)，因?yàn)橛行┤思词贡桓`取了身份信息，也不去報(bào)警。

Robert Ellis Smith是一位令人尊敬的作家，同時(shí)也是“尊重個(gè)人隱私”的倡導(dǎo)者。他說(shuō)：身份信息被竊取“絕對(duì)是普遍存在的。在過(guò)去的四、五年里，其蔓延速度非常驚人，并且是全球性的，會(huì)影響到我們每一個(gè)人。然而人們對(duì)此卻是無(wú)能為力。最糟糕的是，當(dāng)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的身份信息被竊取時(shí)，可能為時(shí)已晚?！?/p>

每個(gè)人的指紋都是不同的，別人無(wú)法據(jù)為己有。而個(gè)人信息則不同。個(gè)人信息，尤其是個(gè)人的社保號(hào)碼、銀行賬戶或信用卡號(hào)碼、電話卡號(hào)碼以及其他有價(jià)值的個(gè)人身份信息，一旦落入壞人之手，都可能被用來(lái)謀取利益，這當(dāng)然是以你的損失為代價(jià)。比如在美國(guó)和加拿大，許多人報(bào)告說(shuō)，有人未經(jīng)授權(quán)就已經(jīng)從他們的銀行賬戶或金融賬戶中支取了資金，甚至更為嚴(yán)重的是，同時(shí)竊取了他們的身份信息，盜用受害人的名號(hào)高筑債臺(tái)或進(jìn)行犯罪活動(dòng)。在許多情況下，受害人承受的損失不僅是金錢上的實(shí)際損失，而受害人在試圖恢復(fù)其在公眾中的聲譽(yù)、修正其不良信息時(shí)，還必須承擔(dān)大量其他的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。而這些損失的成本應(yīng)該是由犯罪分子承擔(dān)責(zé)任的。

聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的調(diào)查顯示，個(gè)人信息欺詐是最多的一種網(wǎng)上欺詐行為。那么，求職者們不斷在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷時(shí)，又該如何保護(hù)自己呢？成功進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上求職的關(guān)鍵在于學(xué)會(huì)如何應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。下面介紹一些有益的方法來(lái)幫助大家確保網(wǎng)上求職時(shí)的安全。

1.檢查隱私保護(hù)條款。

如果你打算在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷，一定要確保自己所考慮的求職網(wǎng)站必須和CareerBuilder.com網(wǎng)站一樣有隱私保護(hù)條款。隱私條款應(yīng)當(dāng)明確說(shuō)明個(gè)人信息將被如何使用、如何存儲(chǔ)以及是否會(huì)被共享。在決定把個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷發(fā)布到能夠自動(dòng)與他人共享信息的網(wǎng)站上之前，一定要三思而后行，因?yàn)槿绻@樣的話，個(gè)人信息將被公開(kāi)，甚至可能會(huì)不斷接到推銷員們的騷擾電話。

要反復(fù)查看網(wǎng)站的隱私保護(hù)條款，確保自己既能自如地發(fā)布簡(jiǎn)歷，也能夠自如地刪除簡(jiǎn)歷。一旦自己找到了工作，就不必再將簡(jiǎn)歷發(fā)布在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。一定要記住：簡(jiǎn)歷在網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的時(shí)間越久，自己的隱私信息暴露得就會(huì)越多，當(dāng)然這種暴露既包含積極的因素，也含有不很積極的因素。

2.充分利用網(wǎng)站的特色。

合法的求職網(wǎng)站能夠提供不同級(jí)別的隱私保護(hù)。在發(fā)布簡(jiǎn)歷之前，要仔細(xì)考慮自己的求職目標(biāo)以及自己愿意承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度。

例如，CareerBuilder網(wǎng)站就提供了三種不同級(jí)別的隱私保護(hù)條款，以供求職者進(jìn)行選擇。第一種是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)布。選擇這種發(fā)布方式可以使最大可能范圍內(nèi)的雇主群體看到求職者的簡(jiǎn)歷。

第二種是匿名發(fā)布。選擇這種發(fā)布方式所能達(dá)到的目標(biāo)群體和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)布相同，只不過(guò)不需要發(fā)布個(gè)人的任何聯(lián)系信息。希望匿名但又想分享一些其他信息的求職者可以選擇發(fā)布任意一種個(gè)人聯(lián)系方式。

第三種是秘密發(fā)布。選擇這種發(fā)布方式可以幫助求職者發(fā)布簡(jiǎn)歷，同時(shí)又能不被現(xiàn)在的雇主搜索到。秘密發(fā)布給求職者帶來(lái)的好處在于，他們能夠快速便捷地申請(qǐng)CareerBuilder網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的招聘信息，而不需要重復(fù)輸入他們的相關(guān)信息。

3.保護(hù)自己的身份信息。

職業(yè)專家們認(rèn)為，求職者們?nèi)绻朐诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)搜尋職位的同時(shí)保證安全，最好的方法之一就是隱藏個(gè)人的身份信息。在簡(jiǎn)歷上改換名字，使用一些泛指的稱呼，如“企業(yè)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)開(kāi)發(fā)員職位應(yīng)聘人”或者“經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的營(yíng)銷業(yè)務(wù)代理”等。

應(yīng)該考慮刪除現(xiàn)在雇主的姓名和所在地址。一旦提供現(xiàn)在所在公司的名稱，通過(guò)查看你在公司的頭銜，確定你的身份應(yīng)該不會(huì)是一件很難的事情。可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在的公司進(jìn)行一般化的描述，比如“重要的汽車生產(chǎn)商”或“國(guó)際包裝產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)商”。

如果你的頭銜名稱比較奇特，可以考慮使用一些普通的但意義相同的頭銜，而不使用雇主所規(guī)定的完全一樣的頭銜。

4.申請(qǐng)一個(gè)專供求職使用的電子郵箱。

網(wǎng)上求職時(shí)保護(hù)個(gè)人隱私的另一種方法是開(kāi)立一個(gè)專門(mén)用來(lái)進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上求職的電子郵件賬戶。如果出現(xiàn)陌生人掌握了你的這個(gè)電子郵件地址，并且與別人分享的情況，這樣做可以保護(hù)你現(xiàn)有的電子郵箱。

開(kāi)立一個(gè)專門(mén)用來(lái)進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上求職的電子郵件賬戶還能使自己的常用郵箱免受垃圾郵件的騷擾。為新的電子郵件地址命名時(shí)，要確保其中沒(méi)有自己的姓名和其他會(huì)泄漏個(gè)人身份的信息。最好的解決方法是選取一個(gè)與你所申請(qǐng)的工作相關(guān)的電子郵件地址，比如[email protected].

5.保護(hù)你的證明人。

如果你的簡(jiǎn)歷上包含介紹證明人的姓名和聯(lián)系信息的部分，一定要?jiǎng)h除。想要保護(hù)自己的個(gè)人信息，卻公開(kāi)自己證明人的聯(lián)系信息，這樣做是不對(duì)的。

6.機(jī)密的信息一定要機(jī)密。

在任何情況下都不能泄漏自己的社保號(hào)碼、駕照號(hào)碼、銀行賬號(hào)和其他個(gè)人信息，如種族、眼睛顏色等。真正的雇主在求職人初次申請(qǐng)工作時(shí)并不需要這些信息。即使有的雇主聲稱他們需要你的這些信息進(jìn)行身份背景核查，也堅(jiān)決不能提供。這是書(shū)本上最老套的把戲了，千萬(wàn)不要中了它的圈套。