Directions：In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to choose one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding lette for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Climate change has claimed its latest victim：Limacina helicina，a planktonic，predatory(捕食的)sea snail that’s a member of the taxonomic group more(36)__________ known as sea butterflies.(The name is(37)__________ from the wing-like lobes(葉瓣)the tiny creatures use to get around.)In a study(38)__________ published in joumal Proceedings of the Royal Society B，a group of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)and Oregon State University have fQund that the Pacific Ocean’s decreasing pH—its acidifying(酸化)，in other words-is dissolving L.helicina’s thin shells.
The researchers collected sea butterfly(39)__________ from 13 sites along the Pacific coast(between Washington and southern CaliforniA.，going over each with a scanning electron microscope.More than half of the shells(53%)from onshore individuals(40)__________ signs of“severe dissolution damage，”while 24%of(41)
__________ individuals suffered dissolution damage.The study’s(42)__________ investigator,Dr.NinaBednarsek of NOAA，described the affected L.helicina shells as having a texture not unlike“cauliflower”or“sandpaper.”
According to the paper，there was a“strong positive(43)__________ ”between the proportion of sea butterflies with severe shell dissolution damage and“the percentage of undersaturated(未達到飽和的)water”near the ocean’s surface.The researchers conclude“shell dissolution owing to(human.caused ocean(44)_________has doubled in near shore habitats since pre.industrial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by 2050，”a truly(45)__________ prediction.Moreover,the broader implications for ecosystem are unclear,as damaged shells make it harder for L.helicina to fight infections，stay buoyant，and protect themselves from predators.
A.showed
B.recently
C.protected
D.commonly
E.derived
F.samples
G.offshore
H.principal
I.noticed
J.correlation
K.encouraging
L.seaward
M.acidification
N.grim
O.pollution
氣候變化已公布了其最新的受害者：鯱螺(學名Limacina helicina)，一種捕食性浮游海螺，被(36)普遍稱為海蝴蝶分類組中的一員(“海蝴蝶”之名(37)來源于微小生物用來游走的翼狀葉瓣)。在 (38)最近《皇家學會學報B》刊載的一項研究報告中，來自美國國家海洋和大氣管理局(NOAA)及俄勒岡州立大學的科學家們指出：太平洋的PH正在不斷下降一換句話說，海水的酸化正在溶解鯱螺的薄殼。
研究人員收集了太平洋沿岸(從華盛頓到南加州之間)13個地點的海蝴蝶(39)樣本，并用掃描電子顯微鏡對其一一進行深入檢查。來自海岸的個體樣本中有一半以上(53%)的貝殼都(40)呈現(xiàn)出“嚴重溶解”的跡象，而在來自(41)海面上的個體樣本中僅有24%的貝殼受到溶解破壞。該研究的(42)首席研究員，來自NOAA的Nina Bednarsek指出那些受到影響的鯱螺的貝殼都擁有“菜花”狀或者“砂紙”狀的紋理。
據(jù)該研究報道，嚴重損傷的貝殼數(shù)量與海洋表面附近 “欠飽合海水”百分率之間呈現(xiàn)出“強烈的正(43)相關(guān)”。研究人員推斷出，“自該區(qū)域工業(yè)化時代以前的海洋條件算起，近海棲息地(由于人為導致的海洋 (44)酸化)引起的貝殼溶解已經(jīng)翻了一倍，到2050年可能會增至三倍，這真是個(45)糟糕的預言。此外，這對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的更廣泛影響并不明確，因為受傷的外殼會讓鯱螺更難以抵御感染、保持浮力及逃脫捕食者的獵殺。
