2014年12月英語四級(jí)沖刺精講-選詞填空（二）

考試真題演練

EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信風(fēng)), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃(degrees centigrade).

The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮濕的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51 .

EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.

Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.

其選項(xiàng)如下：

A) estimate;　B) strength;

C) deliberately;　D) notify;

E) tropical; F) phenomenon;

G) stable; H) attraction;

I) completely; J) destructive;

K) starvation; L) bringing;

M) exhaustion; N) worth;

O) strike

解題方法

一、辨析詞性

把十五個(gè)選項(xiàng)按詞性分別歸入名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等類別。

縱觀樣題和真題，我們知道15個(gè)詞匯都屬于最重要的四類實(shí)詞。我們要學(xué)會(huì)每種詞匯的基本搭配和基本用法。

辨性要注意下面幾點(diǎn)。

1.遇到動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行二次分類：確定時(shí)態(tài)，確定是第三人稱單數(shù)還是非第三人稱單數(shù);但應(yīng)注意動(dòng)詞+ed型的有兩種可能性，動(dòng)詞或形容詞;遇到名詞要確定單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。

2.不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，看后綴。構(gòu)詞法中，前綴表明意思，后綴表明詞性。所以看一個(gè)詞的后綴，往往能大致分出詞性。

3.詞性一時(shí)無法確定的，暫時(shí)擱置，不必糾纏，影響全局。

4.作出相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記?？芍苯佑米约鹤钋宄姆?hào)清楚標(biāo)在每個(gè)詞前后。不清楚的都標(biāo)問號(hào)。

以真題為例辨詞性

A) estimate; B) strength;

C) deliberately; D) notify;

E) tropical; F) phenomenon;

G) stable; H) attraction;

I) completely; J) destructive;

K) starvation; L) bringing;

M) exhaustion; N) worth;

O) Strike

名詞：B,F,H,K,M

(B的后綴th, H、K、M的tion都是名詞后綴)

謂語動(dòng)詞：A,D,O

(A的-ate極可能是動(dòng)詞，D的-fy為動(dòng)詞后綴)

非謂語動(dòng)詞：L(-ing結(jié)尾)

形容詞：E, G, J

(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容詞后綴)

副詞：C和I(ly加在形容詞后為副詞后綴)

注意：即使從沒見過，也想辦法看能否判斷其詞性，詞的性質(zhì)有時(shí)比詞義還重要。詞的性質(zhì)并不總是固定的，有些不認(rèn)識(shí)的或無法確定的，如N) worth (adj./n.)，可先擱置，不要過度糾纏。

二、綜合解題

將選項(xiàng)分類之后，就得從文章中來尋找對(duì)應(yīng)的線索了。選項(xiàng)與文章匹配的因素有兩個(gè)，第一是詞性，第二是詞義。所以在讀文章時(shí)，要通過各種手段來確定空格的詞性與意義。

(一)確定詞性，確定選項(xiàng)的選擇范圍

1)關(guān)于動(dòng)詞的判斷

前后都是名詞短語，中間是動(dòng)詞 。

根據(jù)一句(包括從句)有且只有一個(gè)謂動(dòng)的原則，其它地方如無謂語動(dòng)詞，則需要謂語動(dòng)詞;反之則不需要謂語動(dòng)詞。

Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but.

(will后面必然是原形動(dòng)詞，一起構(gòu)成謂語)

55. O strike

Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.

(此句后只有一個(gè)to be，是非謂語動(dòng)詞，故空格必為謂語動(dòng)詞;且空格前后均為名詞性，也基本確定它是動(dòng)詞。)

54. A estimate

一個(gè)完整的句子之后再跟逗號(hào)，后面一般是非謂語動(dòng)詞短語。

The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.

(前面是一個(gè)完整的句子，逗號(hào)后跟的，一般是非謂語動(dòng)詞短語。此題選項(xiàng)中非謂語動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè)，故直選之。)

50. L bringing

2)其它詞的判斷

形容詞或名詞修飾名詞，限定詞(the, this, that, a, my之類)后必有名詞

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

47. F phenomenon

The hot, humid (潮濕的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.

49. E tropical

El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.

(前面是最高級(jí)的修飾語，自然是形容詞。)

52. J destructive

副詞修飾形容詞或動(dòng)詞

…, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修飾形容詞sure, 當(dāng)為副詞)

56. I completely

謂語動(dòng)詞前有名詞主語

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

(happens是謂語動(dòng)詞，也可知前面為名詞短語，缺一個(gè)核心名詞。)

47. F phenomenon

介詞后面必有名詞

As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

(在介詞in的后面，當(dāng)為名詞無疑，此處整個(gè)短語來修飾lessen減少，當(dāng)為在某個(gè)方面減少。)

48. B strength

(二)句里句外，猜測(cè)詞義

一看搭配：主謂賓、主系表與修飾 詞直接的搭配關(guān)系決定著詞的意義。所以先看它被誰修飾，與誰形成主謂賓關(guān)系。看一種關(guān)系不行就看另一個(gè)，靈活處之。

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

strange修飾47，也許看不出來是什么，再看47與happen形成主謂關(guān)系，能夠發(fā)生的是什么?最好的當(dāng)然是現(xiàn)象。

47. F phenomenon

二看邏輯：

1.句內(nèi)(狀語從句，解釋，并列等)

As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

此句有一個(gè)狀語從句，as表示的時(shí)間或因果關(guān)系，是重要的解題線索。風(fēng)的什么減少，溫度就上升，當(dāng)然是風(fēng)的速度或風(fēng)力。

48. B strength

So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.

空格與前面兩個(gè)名詞并列，意味著意思相近。與干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易選出starvation饑荒.

51. K starvation

2.前文(指代等、句間連詞)

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

This告訴我們，此處是重提前面講到過的某個(gè)東西。前面講到過的核心概念就是El Nino, 無疑是一種天氣“現(xiàn)象”。

47. F phenomenon

表示可從前文找相應(yīng)線索的有兩類。

與this一大類的還有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。

還有就是表示邏輯關(guān)系的句間連詞，或者叫連接副詞。主要的如下。

遞進(jìn)：Moreover/furthermore/what’more/besides/in addition/even/also

轉(zhuǎn)折：however/but/rather/instead

因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence

3.后文

El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.

段落開始部分，提出一個(gè)總的概括性的說法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟帶來的是什么樣的天氣，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。

52. J destructive (dead , damage)

三看習(xí)慣用法：固定搭配

Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.

53. N worth 此處考的是worth這個(gè)詞的特殊用法。它本是一個(gè)形容詞，但可用…worth of sth, 來表明價(jià)值某物的某東西。

e.g. The fire caused thousands of pounds' worth of damage.

三、帶項(xiàng)檢查

帶入已選答案，重新通讀文章以核對(duì)其是否邏輯語意正確。

1. 名詞后綴

1) -or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或職業(yè)的人或物：worker, debtor

2) -acy, 表示"性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy

3) -ance, -ence表示"性質(zhì)，狀況，行為，過程，總量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience

4) -ancy, -ency, 表示"性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，行為，過程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,

5) -bility, 表示"動(dòng)作，性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,

6) -dom, 表示“等級(jí)，領(lǐng)域，狀態(tài)” freedom, kingdom, wisdom

7) –age: package， shortage， marriage

8) –ant: assistant， accountant， inhabitant

9) -hood, 表示"資格，身份, 年紀(jì)，狀態(tài)" childhood, manhood, falsehood

10) -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行為的過程，結(jié)果，狀況" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

11) -ism, 表示"制度，主義，學(xué)說，信仰，行為" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

12) -ty, 表示"性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度” purity, reality, ability, loyalty， identity

13) -ment, 表示"行為，狀態(tài)，過程，手段及其結(jié)果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

14) -ness, 表示"性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

15) –cy: bankruptcy， literacy， democracy

16) -ship, 表示"情況，性質(zhì)，技巧，技能及身份，職業(yè)” hardship, membership, friendship

17) -th, 表示"動(dòng)作，性質(zhì)，過程，狀態(tài)" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

18) -tude, 表示"性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)

19) -ure, 表示"行為，結(jié)果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手續(xù))

20) -grapy, 表示"……學(xué)，寫法” biography, calligraphy, geography

21) -ic, ics, 表示"……學(xué)……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics

22) -ology, 表示"……學(xué)……論”biology, zoology, technology(工藝學(xué))

23) -nomy, 表示"……學(xué)……術(shù)" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生態(tài)學(xué))

2. 形容詞后綴

帶有“屬性，傾向，相關(guān)”的含義

1) -able, -ible: visible, flexible

2) 名詞-ish: foolish, bookish, selfish

(注意accomplish, vanish)

3) –ive: active, sensitive, productive

4) –like: manlike, childlike

5) 名詞-ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

6) –ory: satisfactory， illusory

7) –ic: realistic， specific， poetic， energetic

8) –ical: physical， classical， economical

9) –some: troublesome, handsome

10) –ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

11) –ous: dangerous, generous, courageous,

12) –ent: violent

13) –most: foremost, topmost

14) -less: 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless

15) –al: personal， internal， critical， accidental，

16) –ary: necessary， primary， secondary

17) –ious: religious， furious， precious

18) –y: dirty， healthy， rainy， thirsty， sunny

3. 動(dòng)詞后綴

1) -ize, ise, 表示"做成，變成，……化“: modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2) -en, 表示"使成為，引起，使有” : quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3) -fy, 表示“使……化, 使成” : beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4) -ish, 表示"使，令”: finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5) -ate, 表示“成為……，處理，作用” : separate, operate, indicate

4. 副詞后綴

(形容詞)-ly：bad→badly嚴(yán)重地/惡劣地，careful→carefully小心地

-wise：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)順時(shí)針方向的(地);like→likewise同樣地

-ward(s)：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地