2009年12月英語四級(jí)聽力選擇題破題技巧

      聽力概況
　　在四六級(jí)考試中，聽力部分從2006年6月起由過去20%的比例上升為35%，是所有部分中唯一比例上漲的題目。(閱讀從過去的40%下降到目前的35%，而過去詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)部分已經(jīng)取消。)有消息稱，國家四六級(jí)出題委員會(huì)即將在2012年左右全面推行計(jì)算機(jī)四六級(jí)考試。其中，聽力部分將達(dá)到70%的內(nèi)容。在現(xiàn)行的四六級(jí)筆考中，聽力部分的比例和題型完全一致，但是在長度、詞匯選擇難度、主題的深度上都有差別。另外，四六級(jí)聽力部分的語速并沒有明顯差別，均維持在90—100詞/每分鐘。語音為美音主導(dǎo)之下的美音與英音的混合。
　　聽力題目構(gòu)成與比例
　　小對(duì)話： 8% 選擇題 共8道對(duì)話，每題長約1分鐘
　　長對(duì)話： 7% 選擇題 共2段對(duì)話，每段長約3分鐘
　　聽力短文： 10% 選擇題 共3篇文章，每篇長約3分鐘
　　復(fù)合式聽寫：10% 聽寫填空 填8個(gè)單詞和三句話，放音三遍，共計(jì)8分鐘
　　聽力位于考試的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。
　　聽力選擇題目的一般性做題規(guī)律
　　小對(duì)話：視聽反向原則、同義替換原則。
　　視聽反向原則是指，在小對(duì)話的題目中，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)被讀到的單詞或短語在選項(xiàng)中明顯出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，此選項(xiàng)更容易是錯(cuò)的。同義替換是指，若發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中的單詞和短語是聽力原文中出現(xiàn)的同義和近義替換，則選項(xiàng)容易為正確。
　　例題：
　　2006年6月四級(jí)考試第9題
　　A.Helen is talkative B. Helen is active C. Helen is sociable D. Helen is quite
　　原文：
　　M：We’ve got three women researchers in our group, Mary, Betty and Helen. Do you know them?
　　W: Sure, Mary is active and sociable. Betty is the most talkative woman I’ve ever met. But guess what?Helen is just the opposite.
　　Q: what do we know from the conversation?
　　解析：可以明顯看出，本題的答案為D.其中，另外三項(xiàng)的形容詞都被讀到，而quite恰好是talkative與opposite組合的一個(gè)同義替換。
　　例題：
　　2008年12月四級(jí)考試第17題
　　A) She wants to get some sleep. B) She needs time to write a paper.
　　C) She has a literature class to attend. D) She is troubled by her sleep problem.
　　原文：
　　M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?
　　W: I'd love to, but I'm exhausted.(疲憊) I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class.
　　Q: Why does the woman decline the man's invitation?
　　解析：準(zhǔn)確答案A。用來替換I'm exhausted(疲倦)，同義替換，聽到的慎選。
　　長對(duì)話和短文聽力：視聽基本一致原則
　　視聽基本一致的含義是指，聽到的原文和看到的選項(xiàng)若基本一致，則選項(xiàng)容易為正確選擇。這一點(diǎn)和短對(duì)話的原則恰恰相反，請(qǐng)考生一定注意。
　　例題：
　　2007年12月四級(jí)考試第2道長對(duì)話：
　　23. A)She is thirsty for promotion. C)She is tired of her present work.
　　B)She wants a much higher salary. D)She wants to save travel expenses.
　　24. A)Translator. C)Language instructor.
　　B)Travel agent. D)Environmental engineer.
　　25. A)Lively personality and inquiring mind.
　　B)Communication skills and team spirit.
　　C)Devotion and work efficiency.
　　D)Education and experience.
　　答案：CAD
　　原文：
　　W：Oh! I’m fed up with my job!(第一次作對(duì)第23題的機(jī)會(huì)，be fed up with sth/sb意思為厭倦某事或某人)
　　M：Hey!There’s a perfect job for you in the paper today. You might be interested.
　　W：Oh?What is it?What do they want?
　　M：Wait a minute…Ah，here it is. The European Space Agency. It’s recruiting translators.(第24題。視聽基本一致)
　　W：The European Space Agency?
　　M：Well，That is what it says. They need an English translator(第24題。視聽基本一致) to work from French or German.
　　W：So they need a degree in French or German，I suppose. Well，I’ve got that. What’s more? I’ve plenty of experience. What else are they asking for?
　　M：Just that.. A university degree，and 3 or 4 years experience as a translator in a professional environment. They also say，the person should have a lively and inquiring mind，effective communication skills，and the ability to work individually，or as a part of the team.(第25題AB項(xiàng)同時(shí)被讀到，于是就都錯(cuò)了。本句含義為，他們同時(shí)說，這個(gè)人需要有活潑好學(xué)的性格，有效的交流技巧，既有個(gè)人能力又可以成為團(tuán)隊(duì)一員。)
　　W：Well，if I stay on my present job much longer，I won’t have any mind or skills left.(作對(duì)第23題的第二次機(jī)會(huì)) By the way，what about the salary?I just hope it isn’t lower than what I get now.
　　M：It’s said to be negotiable. It depends on the applicant’s education and experience.(最后被讀到，第25題準(zhǔn)確答案。視聽基本一致) In addition to basic salary，there’s a list extra benefits. Have a look yourself.
　　W：Em…travel and social security plus relocation expenses are paid. Hey，this isn’t bad，I really want the job.
　　Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard:
　　23. Why is the woman trying to find a new job?
　　24. What position is being advertised in the paper?
　　25. What are the key factors that determine the salary of the new position?
　　例題：
　　2007年12月四級(jí)考試第一篇短文聽力
　　26. A)They care a lot about children.
　　B)They need looking after in their old age.
　　C)They want to enrich their life experience.
　　D)They want children to keep them company.
　　27.A)They are usually adopted from distant places.
　　B)Their birth information is usually kept secret.
　　C)Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information.
　　D)Their adoptive parents don’t want them to know their birth parents.
　　28. A)They generally hold bad feeling towards their birth parents.
　　B)They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents.
　　C)They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents.
　　D)They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search.
　　29. A)Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship.
　　B)Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas.
　　C)Understanding is the key to successful adoption.
　　D)Adoption has much to do with love.
　　答案：A　B　C　D
　　原文：來源：考試大
　　When couples get married，they usually plan to have children，Sometimes，however，a couple can not have a child of their own. In this case，they may decide to adopt a child. In fact，adoption is very common today. There are about 60,000 adoptions each year in the United States alone. Some people prefer to adopt infants. Others adopt older children. Some couples adopt children from their own families，they all adopt children for the same reason. They care about children(第26題) and want to give their adopted child a happy life.
　　Most adopted children know that they are adopted. Psychologists and childcare experts generally think this is a good idea. However，many adopted children or adoptees have very little information about their biological parents. As a matter of fact，it is often very difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents because the birth records of most adoptees are usually sealed. The information is secret，(第27題)so no one can see it.
　　Naturally，adopted children have different feelings about their birth parents. Many adoptees want to search for them，but others do not. The decision to search for birth parents is a difficult one to make.Most adoptees have mixed feelings about finding their biological parents. (第28題)Even though adoptees do not know about their natural parents，they do know that their adoptive parents want them，love them and will care for them.
　　Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.
　　26.According to the speaker，why do some couples adopt children?
　　27.Why is it difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents?
　　28.Why do many adoptees find it hard to make the decision to search for their birth parents?
　　29.What can we infer from the passage?
　　考生需要注意：
　　版面所限，我們將在下期內(nèi)容中繼續(xù)介紹復(fù)合式聽寫需要注意的事項(xiàng)。前邊提到的對(duì)話題目和短文題目都被稱之為聽力理解題目，大部分中國同學(xué)在傳統(tǒng)英語學(xué)習(xí)中習(xí)慣更多使用眼睛而非耳朵，所以，即便是一眼即可看懂的單詞和短語，耳朵卻無法分辨。另外，在聽力過程中一旦出現(xiàn)聽不懂或模糊的情況，請(qǐng)勿緊張。因?yàn)殡y點(diǎn)的部分和模糊的部分反而不會(huì)出題。聽力重要，但是注意力和定力耐力也很重要。由于聽力題目大部分只放音一遍，這要求考生時(shí)刻保證邊看邊聽的同步進(jìn)行。其實(shí)，提高的根本依然在于時(shí)間和精力的付出。給耳朵多少時(shí)間，就等于在聽力上有多少進(jìn)步。
　　本期七個(gè)聽力多義詞匯
　　很多形狀簡單的詞匯經(jīng)常在四級(jí)聽力中變化出一些你意想不到的含義，這需要大家特別注意：
　　Paper
　　在聽力考題中，它最常見的含義是：論文。其次是報(bào)紙。相反，作為“紙”的原始含義很少見到。I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class.(論文。2008年12月第17題)
　　What position is being advertised in the paper? (報(bào)紙。2007年12月第25題)
　　Treat
　　原始含義為對(duì)待，但是聽力中更喜歡考“請(qǐng)客”的含義。
　　You treated me last weekend, now it’s my turn. (2003年1月第1題)
　　Jam
　　請(qǐng)注意，“果醬”不是重點(diǎn)含義，traffic jam (堵車)才是更常見的考點(diǎn)。
　　Charge
　　1) 收費(fèi)。I have to charge you 150 pounds for on night.(2006年12月第1道長對(duì)話原文)
　　2) 負(fù)責(zé)。I am in charge of a team of 8 brokers(經(jīng)紀(jì)人). (2006年6月第1道長對(duì)話原文)
　　Present
　　“禮物”的含義早已不是考點(diǎn)。目前喜歡考及物動(dòng)詞“展示，表達(dá)和呈現(xiàn)”。另外，變成名詞presentation 之后，其含義為演講和展示，是一種很常見的校園課程形式。
　　Its goals were to educate, share ideas and present Indiana’s best products. (2007年12月第3篇聽力原文)
　　Commercial
　　請(qǐng)注意，它的名詞含義是“廣告”。
　　Let
　　請(qǐng)看這句話：I have a room to let.(1998年第10題原文)
　　含義：我有一間房子出租。注意：rent是指租進(jìn)來，而let是租出去。