2021大學(xué)英語四級英語詞根練習(xí)100天(匯總)
1. [詞根辨異]我們又遇到一對異源同形根:tent1(tendere的動名詞詞干,意為to stretch)和tent2(tenere的動名詞詞干,意為to hold)。請指出下列單詞詞根的含義:
attention retention detention ostentation
abstention sustention distention (=distension)
2. [詞根辨識]在下列各對異源同形詞中,有一個(gè)是本族詞。請根據(jù)詞義與詞根含義的關(guān)系,指出這個(gè)本族詞。
① tender1 a.柔軟的 tender2 v.提出;提供
② tent1 n.帳篷 tent2 n.深紅色葡萄酒
③ tense1 a.緊張的 tense2 n.時(shí)態(tài)
3. [同義相連]將左欄中的單詞和右欄中相對應(yīng)的詞義連接起來。
① hypertension a.[解剖學(xué)]伸肌
② tensometer b.高血壓
③ extensor c.張布架
④ tentage d.張力計(jì)
⑤ tenter e.帳篷;宿營裝備
4. [由此及彼]根據(jù)已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
① extensible a.可延伸的;可擴(kuò)展的→inextensible a.
② pretentious a.自負(fù)的;矯飾的→unpretentious a.
5. [尋根問底]指出下列單詞的詞根并領(lǐng)會其詞義的由來。
① tend v.照管;服侍;招待
tender n.照料人;看管人
tendance n.照料;服侍;看護(hù)
② protend v.(使)伸展;(使)伸延
protensive a.延長時(shí)間的;延長的;伸長的
③ superintend v.監(jiān)督;主管;指揮
superintendence n.監(jiān)督;主管;指揮
superintendent n.監(jiān)督人;主管人 a.監(jiān)督的
④ intensifier n. [物] 增強(qiáng)劑
intensification n.增強(qiáng);強(qiáng)化
93. tract [L]=to draw拉,抽
詞根tract的意思與tend正好相反,它來自拉丁動詞trahere的動名詞詞干,意為to draw(拉,抽)。在英語中,tract直接作為名詞,意思為“一片土地”,“地帶”。
attratct [at-(ad-) = towards 向;tract = to draw 拉→] v. draw towards oneself吸引:A magnet attracts iron.磁石吸鐵。
▽attraction [attract;-ion n.] n.吸引;吸引力
attractive [attract;-ive a.] a.有吸引力的
contract [con-(com-)=together一起;tract=to draw拉→“to draw together拉在一起”→]Ⅰv.① draw together and become more compact收縮:Cold contracts metals.金屬遇冷收縮。② draw (two sides) together to make a legal agreement締結(jié)(條約);訂立(合同):The two countries contracted an alliance.兩國締結(jié)了盟約。→Ⅱn. a legal agreement that draws together two sides契約;合同:to sign a contract簽訂契約
▽contraction [contract v.;-ion n.] n.收縮;縮約詞
contracture [contract v.;-ure n.] n. [醫(yī)學(xué)]攣縮
contractive [contract v.;-ive a.] a.收縮的;有收縮性的
contractual [contract n.;-u-;-al a.] a.契約的
extract [ex-=out;tract=to draw抽→]Ⅰv.① draw out or pull out抽出;拔出:to extract a bad tooth拔掉壞牙②draw out or obtain by squeezing抽取;榨取:to extract juice from sugarcanes 從甘蔗榨出糖汁③ draw out or copy imformation from a book, etc.摘錄;引用:to ex-tract a passage from the story 從故事中選出一段→Ⅱn.① anything drawn out 抽出的東西:beef extract 牛肉汁 ② passage copied out摘錄:extracts from newspapers報(bào)刊摘錄
▽extraction [extract;-ion n.] n.抽出(物);提出(物);摘要
extractive [extract;-ive a.] a.抽出的;提取的
retract [re-=back回;tract=to draw抽→] v.① draw back or draw in抽回;縮進(jìn):The cat retracted its claws.貓把爪子縮了回去。② draw back or take back (a remark, promise, etc.)收回;取消(意見、諾言等):He retracted the insult and apologized.他收回?zé)o禮之詞并賠禮道歉。
▽retraction [retract;-ion n.] n.收回;撤消;縮回;縮進(jìn)
retractive [retract;-ive a.] a.縮回的;易縮回的
retractile [retract;-ile a.] a.(爪等)能縮回的;收縮的
detract [de-=away去;tract=to draw抽→] v. draw away or take away a part of (value, reputation, etc.) 減損;貶低:The criticisms do not detract from his merit.批評并不貶低他的功績。
▽detraction [detract;-ion n.] n.減損;貶低
detractive [detract;-ive a.] a.減損的;貶低的
distract [dis-=apart分開;tract=to draw抽,牽引→] v. draw apart (the mind), or divert (the attention)引開(心思);分散(注意力):The noise distracted me form reading.吵鬧聲使我無法專心讀書。
▽distraction [distract;-ion n.] n.精神渙散;精神錯(cuò)亂
protract [pro- = forward 向前;tract = to draw 拉→“to draw the time forward把時(shí)間向前拉”→] v. prolong拖延,延長:Can you protract your stay for two days?你能在這兒多呆兩天嗎?
▽protraction [protract;-ion n.] n.延長;拖延
subtract [sub- = under, down 下;tract = to draw 拉→“to draw down a quantity把數(shù)量拉下”→] v. take away by deducting去掉;減去:to subtract the expenditure裁減開支
▽subtraction [subtract;-ion n.] n.減去;減法運(yùn)算
subtractive [subtract;-ive a.] a.減少性的;帶負(fù)號的
subtrahend [sub-;trah;-end n.] n.減數(shù)
2021大學(xué)英語四級英語詞根練習(xí)100天(匯總)
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