1. [舉一反三]根據(jù)已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
congratulate祝賀→① congratulator n.
→② congratulation n.
→③ congratulatory a.
2. [由此及彼]根據(jù)已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
① grateful a.感激的→ungrateful a.
② gratitude n.感謝→ingratitude n.
3. [尋根問底]指出下列單詞的詞根并領(lǐng)會其詞義的由來。
① gratulatory a.表示高興的；祝賀的
② gratuitous a.沒有報酬的；免費的
4. [節(jié)外生枝]詞根grac是grat的變體，請分析下列單詞義。
① grace n.優(yōu)美；恩惠；感恩禱告
② gracious a.優(yōu)美的；有禮貌的；仁慈的
③ gracile a.纖細優(yōu)美的
④ gracioso n.西班牙喜劇的丑角
5. [望文生義]以下也是grac的同根詞，請分析它們的詞義。
① graceful a.
② graceless a.
③ disgrace n.
④ disgraceful a.
⑤ ungraceful a.
⑥ ungracious a.
45. it [L]=to go走
在常用詞ambition，exit和transit中有個詞根it，它是拉丁動詞ire的過去分詞詞干，與英語代詞it毫不相干。
ambition [amb-=round周圍；it=to go走；-ion n.=-ing表行為→“going round（for votes）（為選票）四方奔走”→] n.① desire to be successful強烈欲望：He is filled with ambition to become famous.他一心想成名。② object of such desire 追求的目標，抱負：She realized her ambitions.她實現(xiàn)了自己的抱負。
▽ambitionless [ambition;-less a.] a.無抱負的
exit [ex-=out出；it=to go走→]Ⅰv. go out出去，離去：He exited in a hurry.他匆匆離去。→Ⅱn.① departure出去，離去：The actor made a graceful exit.演員優(yōu)雅地退場。② way out出口：Exit doors must open outwards.太平門必須朝外開。
transit [trans-=across穿過；it=to go走→“to go across走過”→]Ⅰv. pass across or through通過，越過：Only small ships can transit the canal.只有小船能通過運河。Ⅱn.① the act of going across or through通過，越過：Transit across the bridge is dangerous.過那座橋有危險。② the act of carrying across運輸：The goods were damaged in transit.貨物在運輸途中受損。
▽transition [transit;-ion n.] n.過渡，過渡時期；轉(zhuǎn)變，變遷
transitive [transit;-ive a.] a.過渡的；轉(zhuǎn)變的；[語]及物的
transitory [transit;-ory a.] a.短暫的，曇花一現(xiàn)的；無常的
circuit [circu=ring圓環(huán)；it=to go→“going along a ring沿圓環(huán)走”→] n.① round about movement環(huán)行：We made a circuit of the lake.我們繞湖走了一圈。② line enclosing an area周線，范圍：a 40-kilometer circuit of mountains四十公里方圓的山區(qū)③ path of electric current電路：short circuit短路
▽circuitous [circuit;-ous a.] a.迂回的，繞行的；曲折的
circuity [circuit;-y n.] n.曲折性；迂回，拐彎抹角的行動
circuitry [circuit;-ry n.] n.電路系統(tǒng)；電路元件總稱
initial [in-=in入；it=to go走；-i-;-al a.=of……的→“of going in剛走進的”→]Ⅰa. of or at the beginning開始的，最初的：He failed in his initial attempts.他初試即敗。→Ⅱn. the first letter of one's name首字母：He signed with his initials.他用首字母簽名。
▽initialism [initial n.;-ism n.] n.首字母縮略詞
initialize [initial a.-ize v.] v.（計算機）預置
initiate [in-=in入；it=to go走；-i-;-ate v.=to make使→“to make to go in使走進去”→] v.① set going;begin發(fā)起；開始：to initiate a new programme of reform 開始實施新的改革方案。② introduce into membership介紹（入會）：The old members initiate the new ones.老會員引進新會員。③ intrduce into knowledge傳授，使初步了解：The book initiated him into foreign trade.該書教他外貿(mào)的基本知識。
▽initation [initat(e);-ion n.] n.開始，發(fā)起；入會；傳授
initiator [initiat(e);-or n.] n.創(chuàng)始人，發(fā)起者；傳授者
initiative [initiat(e);-ive a.] a.開始的 n.倡議；首創(chuàng)精神
sedition [sed-(se-)=apart離；it=to go走；-ion n.=-ing表行為→“going apart走開，脫離”→] n. speech or action causing rebellion煽動叛亂的言行：He was charged with sedition.他被控犯有煽動叛亂罪。
▽seditionary [sedition;-ary n.] n.煽動分子
seditionist [sedition;-ist n.] n.煽動叛亂者
seditious [sed-;it;-ious a.] a.煽動叛亂的；煽動性的
obit [ob-=away離開；it=to go走→“going away or passing away離去，去世”→] n. ceremony in memory of the anniversary of one's death周年祭禮：They hold a simple obit to remember him.他們召開了一個簡樸的周年祭禮來追思他。
▽obituary [obit;-u-;-ary n. ] n.訃告
obituarist [obituar(y);-ist n.] n.訃告作者
