1. [詞海垂釣] 從詞典中“釣”出一串同根詞吧。
① trans-(=across)
② e-(ex-)
③ retro-(=backwards)
2. [舉一反三]根據(jù)已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
progress進步 v.→① progressive a.
→② progressist n.
→③ progressional a.
3. [由此及彼]根據(jù)已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
① downgrade v.降低等級→upgrade v.
② postgraduate n.研究生→undergraduate n.(提示:post-=after)
③ aggression n.侵略→nonaggression n.(提示:non-=not)
4. [同義相連]將左欄中的單詞和右欄中相對應的詞義連接起來。
① gradient a.階梯的一級
② gradin b.傾斜計
③ grader c.把東西分類別的人
④ gradiometer d.坡度;斜度
⑤ gradation e.等級;級別
5. [尋根問底]指出下列單詞的詞根并領會其詞義的由來。
① aggrade v.(使)加積;(使)填積
② aggradation n.加積;填積
③ ingress n.進入;入境權 v.進入
④ ingressive a.進入的;(發(fā)音)吸氣的
⑤ gravigrade a.步伐笨重的 n.(大象等)動作笨拙的動物
6. [節(jié)外生枝] grad還有兩個異體gred和gree,主要的派生詞有:
① ingredient n.成分;原料;要素,因素
② degree n.級;程度;階段;學位
43. gram [GK]=written character書寫符號
在grammar,gramophone,program,telegram中,詞根gram來自希臘名詞gramme,意為written or recorded character(書寫或記錄符號),尤指letter of alphabet(字母)。
grammar [gramm=letter字母,文字;-ar n.=thing物→“art of letters文字的技巧”→] n. art or science dealing with the right use of a language文法,語法:English grammar英語語法
▽grammarian [grammar;-ian n.] n.語法學家
grammatical [gramma(r);-tical a.] a.語法的
gramophone [gram=thing for recording記錄用的東西;-o-;phon=sound聲音;-e→“tool for recording sound記錄聲音的工具”→] n. instrument for reproduction of recorded sound in a disc 留聲機:a gramophone record唱片
program [pro-=forward, beforehand向前,事先;gram=letter字母,文字→“letters written beforehand事先寫好的文字”→] n. paper giving a scheme of events beforehand, especially in an entertainment, conference, course of study節(jié)目單;方案;大綱:program of concert音樂會節(jié)目單
▽programmer [program(m);-er n.] n.計劃者;程序編制員
programmatic [program(m);-atic a.] a.綱領性的
telegram [tele-=distant遠的;gram=letter字母,文字→“letters sent to a distant place送往遠方的文字”→] n. message sent by telegraph電報:urgent telegram急電
diagram [dia-=through, across穿過;gram=thing written, or figure書寫的東西,圖形→“figure made of lines going across it由穿行其間的線條構成的圖形”→] n. figure by lines drawn to explain an idea圖表,圖解:a diagram showing daily production表示日產量的圖表
▽diagrammatic [diagram(m);-atic a.] a.圖表的
phonogram [phon=sound聲音;-o-;gram=written character書寫符號→] n. character representing a sound表音符號;音標
cryptogram [crypt=hidden隱密的;-o-;gram=letter字母,文字→“hidden letters隱密的文字”→] n. anything written in cipher密碼文,暗記:numerical cryptograms數(shù)字密碼文
▽cryptogrammic [cryptogram(m);-ic a.] a.密碼的,暗記的
dactylogram [dactyl=finger手指;-o-;gram=thing recorded,or print記錄下的東西,印記→] n. fingerprint指紋:the dactylograms of a criminal罪犯的指紋