1. [詞根辨識]分析下列單詞,指出其中dem(人民)的派生詞。(提示:注意區(qū)分前綴de-跟mo開頭的詞干結合的單詞與詞根demo的派生詞。)
demolish demoralize demobilize
demonstration democratically demote
2. [望文生義]根據所學詞根的知識推測下列單詞的詞義。
① undemocratic a.
② democratization n.
3. [尋根問底]指出下列單詞的詞根并領會其詞義的由來。
① epidemiology n.流行病學
② epidemiologist n.流行病學家
26. dic, dict [L]=to say說
詞根dic是拉丁動詞dicere的不定式詞干;dict是動名詞詞干,意思都相當于to say(說)。在英語中,dic的派生詞較少,dict的派生能力卻很強。
indicate [in-=towards對;dic=to say說;-ate v.→“to say towards some-thing針對某事說話”→] v.① point out;make known指出;表明:The arrow indicates the direction of advance. 箭頭指出前進方向。② show;suggest表示;暗示:High fever indicates severe illnesss.高燒表示病重。
▽indication [indicat(e);-ion n.] n.指示;象征
indicator [indicat(e);-or n.] n.指示者;指示器
indicative [indicat(e);-ive a.] a.指示的;象征的;陳述的
dictate [dict=to say說→saying話;-ate v.=to do做→“to do a saying做一次講話”→] v.①say or read for another to write口述,使聽寫:He dictated a letter to the typist.他向打字員口授一封信。②say commands命令,支配:He will not be dictated to you.他不會聽命于你的。
▽dictation [dictat(e);-ion n.] n.口述;聽寫
dictator [dictate(e) v.命令;-or n.=person人→“person who dictates laws, commands, etc.發(fā)布法令者”→] n. absolute ruler獨裁者,專政者:fascist dictators法西斯獨裁者
▽dictatorship [dictator;-ship n.] n.獨裁;專政
dictatorial [dictator;-ial a.] a.獨裁的;專政的
diction [dict=to say說話;-ion n.=the manner表行為方式→“the manner or art of saying說話的方式或藝術”→] n. choice of words and phrases in speaking措詞,辭令:Bad diction marred the effectiveness of his speech.措詞不當削弱了他講話的效果。
dictionary [diction n. 措詞;-ary n.=thing物→“book for diction措詞用書”→] n. book explaining the use of words in a language詞典,字典:an English-Chinese dictionary英漢詞典
contradict [contra-=against 對抗;dict=to say 說→“to say against 以言相抗”→] v.① speak against反駁:Students may contradict their teachers.學生可以反駁教師。② deny否認:Don't contradict what you just testified.別否認你剛剛證實的東西。③ hold the opposite of同……矛盾:to contradict oneself自相矛盾
▽contradiction [contradict;-ion n.] n.矛盾
contradictory [contradict;-ory a.] a.矛盾的;對立的
dictum [dict=to say說;-um n.=thing done所做的事→“something said有人說過的話”→] n. saying;authoritative saying名言;格言:There is an old dictum that blood is thicker than water.古話說,血濃于水。
edict [e-(ex-)=out from 自……而出;dict=to say說→saying 話→“saying out from(the authorities)(當權者)發(fā)出的話”→] n. order issued by authority法令:the king's edict國王的命令
▽edictal [edict;-al a.] a.法令的
predict [pre-=beforehand事先;dict=to say說→“to say beforehand事先說出”→] v. say what will happen in the future;foretell預言;預告:The weather forecasting center predicted rain for tomorrow.氣象站預告明天有雨。
▽prediction [predict;-ion n.] n.預言;預告
predictive [predict;-ive a.] a.預兆的
benediction [bene=good好;dict=to speak說;-ion n.=-ing表行為→“good speaking說好話”→] n. blessing祝福:sincere benediction誠心的祝福
▽benedictive [bene;dict;-ive a.] a.祝福的
malediction [male=ill, evil壞,惡;dict=to speak說;-ion n.=-ing表行為→] n. evil-speaking;curse誹謗;咒罵:irresponsible malediction不負責任的誹謗
▽maledictive [male;dict;-ive a.] a.誹謗的;咒罵的