非謂語動詞與獨立主格:短語,句子(或者句子,短語)
1.當短語部分有獨立主語,并且該主語不同于句子主語,這時短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1:名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的,正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的,已經(jīng)完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發(fā)出時使用現(xiàn)在分詞,而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。
獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2:with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當于and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵完了,與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵