托福寫作如何寫好論據(jù)

　　個(gè)人角度通常會(huì)涉及到個(gè)人的身體和心理的健康，個(gè)人的動(dòng)機(jī)，夢(mèng)想，興趣愛好，職業(yè)和學(xué)業(yè)，家庭背景，個(gè)人生活方式以及個(gè)人的能力。

　　社會(huì)角度一般包括政府稅收，教育，民族文化，經(jīng)濟(jì)，能源環(huán)境以及社會(huì)秩序。

　　在考生拿到一個(gè)托福作文題目后，無論對(duì)這個(gè)題目持有什么樣的立場(chǎng)，都可以按照以上兩個(gè)方面來構(gòu)思。接下來我們可以通過分析兩個(gè)例題來感受上述方法。

　　1. Government should be responsible for the tuition fee of university students. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

　　題目的意思是政府該不該支付大學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)，針對(duì)這個(gè)題目，無論是同意還是不同意，我們都按個(gè)人和社會(huì)兩個(gè)角度來看一下。

　　同意

　　個(gè)人：For those students who are with great intelligence but from poor families, government surely should be responsible for their tuition fee and provide them opportunities to go to school and then release pressure for their families. 因?yàn)榇祟}討論的是大學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)，正如前面所提到的，個(gè)人的構(gòu)思角度包括"個(gè)人家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)背景"。

　　社會(huì)：As we all know, economy is a master key to a country's development and it is undeniable that students who finish their education are the main force pushing forward social and economic development, for which government should encourage education for the benefits of the whole society. 既然從社會(huì)角度出發(fā)，就要試著往這方面靠攏，首先想想學(xué)生接受教育對(duì)社會(huì)的益處是什么?上文提到，社會(huì)角度包括"經(jīng)濟(jì)"，所以政府支持教育必然對(duì)推進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有好處。

　　不同意

　　個(gè)人：Paying tuition fee for university students can make them access to education easier, therefore, some students may lose motivation without financial pressure and will not cherish the studying opportunities. As a consequence, it is hard to guarantee the quality of university education. 個(gè)人的角度包括"學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)"，政府給大學(xué)生支付學(xué)費(fèi)可能會(huì)讓他們喪失學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)，從而影響教學(xué)質(zhì)量。

　　社會(huì)：Due to the limited financial budget, government is likely to suffer a great pressure if spending too much money on education; as a result, our government will not have extra energy to develop in other fields, such as science and technology, as well as the medical advances, which are also with great significance to society.

　　我們之前也提到，社會(huì)的構(gòu)思角度除了"教育"之外還有其他方面，例如"經(jīng)濟(jì)"或者"文化"或者"環(huán)境保護(hù)"。所以一旦政府在教育上花費(fèi)過多，其他領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展就會(huì)受到限制。

　　2. Machines can do a lot of work for human being, it can bring many benefits. To what extent do you agree or disagree.

　　同意

　　個(gè)人：More work can be done in a relatively shorter time, which can greatly increase the working efficiency and improve quality of life by reducing the working tense; the benefits of this trend also can ensure safety of employees as some work with great danger can rely on machines.

　　個(gè)人角度包括個(gè)人的身體健康(人身安全)和生活方式。所以這里的論據(jù) "減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度"和 "增強(qiáng)安全程度"正是來源于此。而且Reduce the working tense之后就意味著生活將會(huì)更輕松即"改善生活方式"。

　　社會(huì)：The economic development speeds up due to the improvement of productivity by using machines, which never feel tired and are not dependent external factors, such as emotion and weather.

　　社會(huì)包括"經(jīng)濟(jì)"，所以機(jī)器代替人類能夠提高社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，從而促進(jìn)"社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)"發(fā)展。

　　不同意

　　個(gè)人：Relying on machines too much may lead to lack of exercise and then cause human's healthy problems. 個(gè)人角度包含"個(gè)人的健康"問題。因此我們可以想到如果過多的依賴機(jī)器，人們就會(huì)缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)從而導(dǎo)致健康水平下降。

　　社會(huì)：Some handicraft skills cannot be passed on and the traditional culture may die out since the skilled workers have been replaced by machines. Moreover, it is usually more resource consuming and causes environmental problems by using machines in the mass production.因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)包括"傳統(tǒng)文化"，進(jìn)一步我們可以想到機(jī)器工作多了必然導(dǎo)致人們的手工技能或者稱之為傳統(tǒng)文化將會(huì)在社會(huì)中消亡。同時(shí)，社會(huì)包括"環(huán)境問題"。機(jī)器雖然可以提高效率，但是會(huì)消耗能源或者排放一些污染環(huán)境的物質(zhì)，因?yàn)闀?huì)涉及到環(huán)保問題，同樣屬于社會(huì)的構(gòu)思角度。