論證方法實(shí)例分析1
例如:
1. Firstly,the wide application of the Internet dramatically boosts the convenience and efficiency of acquiring knowledge for people.(中心句)2.In the times without the Internet,the main way to be well-educated was attending schools.3.But the scarcity of educational resources enabled only a few elites to do it.4.Thanks to the Internet technology,the knowledge gets across among people regardless of time and space.5.For example,Khan Academy,an innovative online educational company,offers high-quality and free-of-charge cramming courses involving mathematics,physics and other high school subjects.6.Another renowned program called “Coursera” cooperates with top universities and puts online real lectures of top-notch professors for people to learn from at no cost.
整個(gè)段落一共6句話,第一句話是中心句,第二句到第四句是對(duì)比論證(沒(méi)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時(shí)候VS有了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時(shí)候),第五句和第六句是兩個(gè)例子。
論證方法實(shí)例分析2
再如:
1.In the first place,job satisfaction is becoming increasingly important in contemporary society.2.Due to the fierce competition and social pressure,whether workers can attain satisfaction in their positions determines how hardly they work,which also determines how many profits the company will get.3.My brother can be cited as a good example.4.At first,he worked in an international company which cared nothing for its employees but profits.5.He was forced to work for extra hours without extra salary in regular working time, which generated extreme tiredness and dissatisfaction.6.As a result,he soon changed the job into a more satisfying one which has more vacation,better working environment and more friendly relationships between colleagues.7.Now,my brother enjoys his job which creates great job satisfaction for him and works more assiduously.
整個(gè)段落一共7句話,第一句仍然是中心句,第二句用的是因果論證,第三句開(kāi)始舉了具體的個(gè)人例子。
因此,當(dāng)中心句寫(xiě)完之后,到底寫(xiě)點(diǎn)什么來(lái)支撐一個(gè)段落的字?jǐn)?shù),考生可以從論證方法這個(gè)概念去思考。例如Body 1中心句之后可以先用因果論證,帶一下原因,再將結(jié)果層層遞進(jìn)寫(xiě)幾句話,結(jié)束之后字?jǐn)?shù)肯定不夠,那就想一下還有一種論證方法叫舉例論證,能不能編一個(gè)例子出來(lái)。同理,Body 2還是先寫(xiě)中心句,接下來(lái)寫(xiě)一句因果,寫(xiě)一句對(duì)比(正反假設(shè)),最后再來(lái)一組例子。簡(jiǎn)而言之,我們?cè)谒伎嫉臅r(shí)候從論證方法出發(fā),但是呈獻(xiàn)給考官看的還是內(nèi)容。論證方法只是便于我們快速想到寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容的方向,總比絞盡腦汁直接想內(nèi)容要簡(jiǎn)單得多。
如何讓段落邏輯清晰?
在了解了怎樣以最快速度想出理由段寫(xiě)點(diǎn)什么內(nèi)容之后,還需要注意的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是,有些人能“條理清晰地扯”,有些人“扯出了一團(tuán)漿糊”。那么怎樣才能讓考官看著覺(jué)得這個(gè)段落邏輯清晰呢?筆者在看了很多官方范文及學(xué)生的高分文章后,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)規(guī)律,好的文章段落有一個(gè)共同的邏輯層次,即由抽象到具體,上文兩個(gè)段落的層次安排也是按照這樣來(lái)進(jìn)行的,中心句結(jié)束后進(jìn)行解釋,最后搬上例子。這樣看來(lái),文章理由段的寫(xiě)法也非常簡(jiǎn)單,按照上面的安排操作即可,根據(jù)論證方法配以具體的內(nèi)容,一個(gè)段落就能輕松完成了。在此要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,新托福作文中,主體段的例子是非常重要的,考生應(yīng)該做到每一個(gè)段落都要有例子支持,當(dāng)然并不一定是具體某個(gè)人的例子,可以是引用的研究結(jié)果,也可以使用排比的句式寫(xiě)出一組列舉的例子。
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