托福獨(dú)立寫作部分如何拿到高分

　　一、如何簡單快捷寫出漂亮開頭

　　托福獨(dú)立寫作的開頭無外乎介紹背景，引出話題，表明觀點(diǎn)和限定下文發(fā)展四個(gè)方面。背景介紹一定要把握住關(guān)鍵詞，不能跑題。很多學(xué)員死記硬背了一些開頭句式，遇到什么題目都往里面套，結(jié)果當(dāng)然很牽強(qiáng)。很多獨(dú)立寫作的題目完全可以逆向思維，題目說什么往往現(xiàn)實(shí)生活缺什么，可以從相反的方向入手去寫。如：

　　In order to improve teaching quality, colleges and universities should increase professors’ salary. Do you agree or disagree?

　　這個(gè)題目完全可以圍繞教學(xué)質(zhì)量展開，再談到提升教學(xué)質(zhì)量的方法，引入題目觀點(diǎn)，后表明自己立場。從反面入手可以談教學(xué)質(zhì)量下滑令人擔(dān)憂，人們?yōu)樘嵘虒W(xué)質(zhì)量在想各種辦法，有人建議增加教授們的工資作為激勵(lì)手段，考生此時(shí)應(yīng)表明自己的立場及理由。按這樣的思路，第一段可以輕松達(dá)到50詞以上。正如官方指南所講“不要僅僅為了增加文章字?jǐn)?shù)而死記硬背一些冗長的首末段。”

　　Nowadays, the decline of teaching quality has worried the public a lot. Some people suggest that the government should increase salary for professors in college and universities as incentives to improve teaching quality. From my perspective, this is an effective way to make the teaching staff willing to devote to their teaching. I feel this way for two major reasons.

　　這樣的開頭既能很好地交代背景、引出話題又利于下文的展開。

　　二、如何有效地陳述并展開論點(diǎn)

　　根據(jù)OG,評(píng)分人員評(píng)估考生作文的質(zhì)量，即評(píng)估考生如何展開論點(diǎn)，組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)。所以考生要學(xué)會(huì)用包括事例、細(xì)節(jié)、理由等在內(nèi)的各種方式來支持文章的觀點(diǎn)。我的主體段落通常采用總-分-總的思路去寫。主體段落第一句必須是觀點(diǎn)清楚的主題句，這個(gè)段落必須圍繞主題句的controlling idea來展開，否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)不切題的可能。論點(diǎn)的展開我通常會(huì)用到的寫作手法有原因分析法，后果延伸法，反面假設(shè)法或正反對比法以及舉例論證法，最后以歸納總結(jié)作為整個(gè)段落的結(jié)束。運(yùn)用這些方法寫出的文章自然邏輯性強(qiáng)，組織嚴(yán)密，能很好地為主題服務(wù)。以贊同在公共場合禁煙為例，我的主體段落展開如下：

　　Firstly, smoking is detrimental to the health of smokers and people around them. It is because tobacco contains many harmful even poisonous substances such as tar and nicotine, which can give rise to many respiratory diseases, say lung cancer. If smoking is prohibited in public places, people do not need to worry about these terrible diseases. A typical example of this is mu uncle, mu mother’s younger brother, who used to smoke many cigarettes a day, and later he was found to be sick with lung cancer. He had to accept an operation to cut off part of his lung. What’ more, he had to suffer from the subsequent chemical treatment. Thus, for the health of smokers and people around, smoking must be banned in public places.

　　上面這段文章運(yùn)用這些手法比較容易地寫出127個(gè)詞，所以考生在寫主體段落時(shí)一定要有清楚的思路，緊扣中心思想，運(yùn)用上述寫作方法就能較好地把握段落的統(tǒng)一性、漸進(jìn)性和連貫性，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，條理清晰。

　　三、簡單高效的結(jié)尾

　　很多考生在前文糾結(jié)時(shí)間太好，以至于最后沒有時(shí)間去結(jié)尾。沒有結(jié)尾的文章結(jié)構(gòu)是不完整的。結(jié)尾可以從單個(gè)方面入手：concluding phrase, restatement of your standpoint and summary of your ideas. 從這三個(gè)方面入手，考生的構(gòu)思好文章開頭后就可以很快地敲定文章的結(jié)尾。