第一步:牢記基本原則,一個句子只能有一個謂語,一個完整的句子至少包含主語和謂語這兩個句子成分。
*注意:從句和主句分別算作一個句子,謂語本質(zhì)上就是動詞時態(tài)。從句有且僅有一個動詞時態(tài),主句有且僅有一個動詞時態(tài)。時態(tài)包括一般現(xiàn)在時,現(xiàn)在進行時,現(xiàn)在完成時,一般過去時等等。
例句:The sun rises in the east. 太陽從東方升起。(一般現(xiàn)在時)
He gave me a book yesterday. 昨天他給了我一本書。(一般過去時)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. 去年栽下的樹如今長得很好。(現(xiàn)在進行時)
We have been in this room since 9 o’clock. 我們從9點起就在這個房間了。(現(xiàn)在完成時)
注意:劃線部分是謂語動詞
第二步:認識包含從句的復合句。復合句=主句+從句(從句=引導詞+從句其他句子成分)
It was a fault that could not be forgiven. 那是一個不能被寬恕的錯誤。主句從句(其中”that”是引導詞)
I have no idea that he is accepted by a college. 我不知道他被大學錄取這件事情。主句從句
注意:本文專講引導詞“that”引導的從句。
第三步:開始寫句子。
1.主語從句:That+完整句子+謂語(動詞時態(tài))+其他成分
例句:1). That he is going to Beijing upsets me. 他去北京這件事讓我很難過。完整句子
2). That the earth goes around the sun is a truth. 地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)是一個真理。完整句子
*有時為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用“It”代替主語從句放于句首,而把主語從句置于句末。1). It upsets me that he is going to Beijing.2). It is a truth that the earth goes around the sun.
常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that從句……是必須的(重要的/自然的/奇怪的)It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that從句……是一個遺憾(恥辱/不奇怪)It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that從句建議/要求/提議/渴望……
例句:It is necessary that workers in factory are punctual.在工廠里工作的工人必須準時。It is a pity that he got dropped out of school at so young an age.令人遺憾的是他那么小就輟學了。It is proposed that car using in this city should be limited.人們提議汽車的使用應該被限制。
2.賓語從句:主語+謂語(動詞時態(tài))+that+完整的句子注意:這種從句就是謂語動詞后面的句子。“that”沒有實義,但書面語中不省略。例句:He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他告訴我他明天會去上海。注意:“told”這個謂語動詞后面跟了“me”和“that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow”兩個賓語。We must never think that we are good in everything. 我們決不能認為自己什么都好。
3.表語從句:主語+謂語(系動詞)+that+完整的句子系動詞:be, sound聽起來, look看起來,feel摸起來,smell聞起來,taste嘗起來,remain保持,仍是例句:The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。The reality is that she has to quit her job for him. 事實是她必須為了他而辭職。注意:“that”不做成分,書面語中所有的引導詞“that”都不要省略。
4.定語從句:用來修飾名詞或者代詞的句子。先寫一個簡單句,然后在簡單句中的名詞或者代詞后面加個that從句,注意這里的“that”要在從句中做成分。從含義上講,“that”=從句所修飾的詞。例句:It is a novel that you may like to read. 這是一本你也許想看的小說。注意:“that”從句修飾“novel”這個詞。Idon't like the novel that you borrowed yesterday. 我不喜歡你昨天借的那本小說。Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy.任何能夠燃燒的東西都是熱能源。注意:這里的“anything”是不定代詞。
5.同位語從句:名詞+that從句+謂語+其他可用于同位語從句的名詞有:advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。The suggestion that we go abroad to study is given by him.我們?nèi)鈱W習的建議是他給的。