新托福綜合寫作題目解析:面臨滅絕的歐亞河貍

　　閱讀主要觀點提取：

　　總論點：歐亞河貍(Eurasian beaver)由于過度捕殺幾近滅絕。人們嘗試將它們重新引入之前的棲息地，以便增加它們的數(shù)量。然而，這種做法遭到了強(qiáng)烈的反對，理由如下。

　　理由一：河貍會在河流湖泊中修筑水壩，這會阻擋水的流通。水壩會阻擋魚的遷徙，使它們無法到達(dá)交配地點進(jìn)行繁殖，從而減少魚的數(shù)量。

　　理由二：河貍在河堤挖洞會危害農(nóng)業(yè)。河貍在泥里面挖洞，會導(dǎo)致土壤表層松動，導(dǎo)致水土流失。久而久之，便會縮減河流旁可用作農(nóng)耕的土地面積。并且，由于肥沃的表層土壤流失，土壤質(zhì)量變差，減少農(nóng)民的收成。

　　理由三：河貍會破壞樹的生長，影響生態(tài)環(huán)境。河貍的牙齒鋒利，會嚼樹干，導(dǎo)致樹木死亡。然而，樹對英國的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)十分重要，它們?yōu)閯游锾峁┝藯⒌?、食物等。樹減少了，也會導(dǎo)致野生動物減少。

　　聽力主要觀點提取：

　　總論點：閱讀中的觀點是有問題的(problematic)。將歐亞河貍重新引入它們的棲息地有很多好處(benefits)。

　　理由一：修筑的水壩不會減少魚的數(shù)量。河貍并不是在所有的河流湖泊中修建水壩，所以魚還是可以到達(dá)繁殖地繁衍后代。另外，河貍修筑的水壩不但可以為小魚提供充足的食物，還是躲避捕殺者。所以，水壩的存在，可以讓一些魚的數(shù)量增加。

　　理由二：總的來說，河貍在地底下挖洞會減少水土流失(erosion)。因為，水土流失取決于河流湖泊的水流速度是否較快。河貍沿著河流挖洞，會降低該區(qū)域的水流速度，所以會減少水土流失，可用作農(nóng)耕的土地也不會減少。

　　理由三：河貍確實會傷害一些樹木，但是這反而會增加生態(tài)的多樣性(diverse ecosystem)。當(dāng)河貍損毀一部分樹的時候，會使一部分地區(qū)得到足夠的光照。這就給那些需要充足光照才能生長的植物提供了機(jī)會，如低矮灌木(low shrubs)。這些植物會吸引一些新的物種，所以增加了該區(qū)域生物的多樣性。

　　新托福綜合寫作范文:

　　The idea that reintroducing Eurasian beavers to their former habitats is opposed by the writer with three reasons. Whereas the lecturer demonstrates that thereintroducing has some benefits.

　　First, according to the passage, the dams that the beavers build would block the flow of water, and therefore prevent the migration and reproduction of some fishes. The lecture, however, announces that the beavers build their dams merely in some rivers, and fishes can still swim to their breeding grounds. What’ more, the ponds created by dams will supply habitats for young fish to find food and hide for predators.

　　Second, the passage puts forward that the beavers’ digging behavior would harm the farmland. On contrary, the professor illustrates that digging holes would decrease the overall erosion. Erosion happens when the rivers and streams move fast. While the holes the beavers created would slow down the flow of river whichmeans less erosion of riverbanks. As a result, the farmers will loss less farmland.

　　Finally, the passage claims that beavers chew through wood will kill the trees and harm the ecosystem. In contrast, the professor points out the beavers do harm some trees but not enough to damage the whole ecosystem. Chopping down some trees creates small space exposed to sunlight, and the small space could grow some new types of vegetation which could attract new species of insects, and new species of birds would come to feed on the insects. As a result, the ecosystem would become more diversity.