很多初次接觸托??荚嚨膶W生總是非常擔心托福綜合寫作部分,也就是我們說的小作文。他們常提出這樣的疑問:“怎么考得這么變態(tài)啊?讀了又聽再寫!”其實大家完全不必為此如此焦慮,等看完下面的文章,讀完下面的四大必殺技,我相信你一定會豁然開朗!
首先,summarize,也就是概括閱讀和聽力文章的主要內容和各三個分論點。這其實就是Introduction要寫的內容,掌握了概括,第一段就不成問題咯!
其次,Paraphrase,也就是改寫。掌握好了改寫句子,你寫起文章來將會感覺到如魚得水,游刃有余。 改寫其實主要有下面的兩種方法:
第一,使用不同的詞匯
a.使用同義詞,比如以下的一些寫作高頻詞匯的同義詞,你一定要掌握,出現的尤為頻繁。
important→essential, crucial, vital, significant
think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out
nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years, these days
b.改變詞性,這是一種稍微難一些的方法,要求你的語法基礎非常好,你才能靈活自如的運用。
n. → v.
Eg:When we look at a comparison
between A and B…
When we compare A and B…
Adj. → n.
There are a variety of solutions to the problem.
There are various solutions to the problem.
c. 使用不同的承接詞。承接詞在文章當中的使用相當頻繁,不僅是段落和段落的連接,還包括句子和句子的連接。背住一些常用的承接詞比你的改寫將會有極大的作用。
because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for
but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
so → therefore, hence, thus, consequently
d.形容詞的逆向表達。在某些形容詞上進行修改,會達到非比尋常的效果。
Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…
Not uncommon→common
The cheapest → the least expensive
第二,使用不同的句型
a. 改變詞序。這是非常簡單的一種方法,完全不用動腦筋就可以進行改寫。常常將句子中的狀語(包括狀語從句)換位置。
Eg: For many years, people have believed ….
→People believed… for many years.
After this program
has been solved, work on … can continue.
b. 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的互相替換
Eg: Trained scientists performed this research.
→This research was performed by trained scientists.
c. 使用“there be” 句型,可以將一個簡單句,馬上變成一個加入定語從句或者分詞的復雜句。
Eg: Several computer programs can be used to solve this problem.
→There are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.
或There are several computer programs used to solve this problem.
d. 定語從句,分詞和插入語的互相替換
Eg: Study…, conducted
by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
→Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in the world, has…
→This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…
接下來,Cite,即引用。托福綜合寫作乃客觀寫作,只是一個旁觀者的角度對這兩篇文章的內容進行描述,因此,某觀點是出自哪篇文章一定要說清楚。所以,下面的這些句型在綜合寫作中必不可缺。
a.According to+noun.
Eg: According to the passage/lecture
/author/professor,…
b.Subject+verbs of reporting +that clause
Eg: The author tells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues
/states/indicates/claims/points out/thinks/believes that…
或The speaker agrees/disagrees/rejects
/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….
c. As is indicated/displayed/illustrated
in the passage/lecture,...
最后,Synthesize,也就是連接。具體來講,就是承接詞的使用是相當重要的,將文章當中的重要信息連接起來,體現作者對于兩篇文章的理解正確,說明作者的思路清楚。由于綜合寫作是對兩篇文章的比較,所以下面表對比和遞進的承接詞使用的最頻繁。
a.Transitional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary
b.Transitional words showing addition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, beside, as well
現在,是不是感覺清晰很多了呢?也沒有那么懼怕托福綜合寫作了呢?我相信,只要你掌握了上述四大技巧,綜合寫作對你來說將不再是個難以跨越的關口。