1. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 一直以來(lái),他提出的主張都是毋庸置疑的,不僅他自己深信不疑而且還說(shuō)服了廠家和商家相信其真實(shí)性。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently// that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management//that they are true .第一段是句子主干,主語(yǔ)是He,謂語(yǔ)是has put forward,賓語(yǔ)是unquestioned claims,so consistently是程度狀語(yǔ);第二段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,和前面的so形成搭配,在從句里有并列結(jié)構(gòu)not only...but (also)連接了并列動(dòng)詞believes 和has convinced ,共同作從句的謂語(yǔ);第三段畫(huà)線部分是that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has convinced的賓語(yǔ)(即賓語(yǔ)從句)(原理是固定搭配:convince sb. that... “讓某人信服……”)。
【詞匯精記】 put forward 提出;unquestioned 毫無(wú)疑義的;claim 聲稱,主張;consistently 一致的,一貫的;convince sb. that... 讓某人信服……;industrial and business management 工商管理(方)。
2. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
【翻譯演練】 _________________________
【參考譯文】 這些新近被描述的語(yǔ)言與已經(jīng)得到充分研究的歐洲和東南亞地區(qū)的語(yǔ)言往往差別顯著,以至于有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)Boas和Sapir編造了材料。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 句子的主干是The...languages were... so strikingly different from... that ...;句子里包含一個(gè)so...that句型,that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
【詞匯精記】 newly(相當(dāng)于recently)最近地;strikingly 顯著地;be different from 不同于;the newly described languages 新近被描述的語(yǔ)言;the well studied languages 已經(jīng)得到充分研究的語(yǔ)言;accuse sb. of sth. 指責(zé)/指控某人做了某事;fabricate data 編造數(shù)據(jù);Southeast Asia 東南亞;scholar 學(xué)者。
3. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.
【翻譯演練】 ____________________________
【參考譯文】 家用電器將會(huì)變得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它們會(huì)引發(fā)一種新的心理疾病——廚房狂躁癥。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 And home appliances will also become so smart// that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout (of a new psychological disorder)—(kitchen rage).第一段是句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)是home appliances,謂語(yǔ)是will become,表語(yǔ)是so smart;第二段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,和前面的so形成結(jié)構(gòu)搭配,其中畫(huà)線部分是并列的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作從句主語(yǔ),will result in是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,the breakout是賓語(yǔ),括號(hào)中的of短語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)the breakout的后置定語(yǔ),句末括號(hào)部分則是其前面a new psychological disorder的同位語(yǔ),對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋。
【詞匯精記】 home appliance 家用電器;smart 聰明的,引申為“智能的”;result in 引發(fā),導(dǎo)致;breakout(突然)發(fā)生;出現(xiàn);psychological disorder 心理混亂(失調(diào));kitchen 廚房;rage 憤怒,暴怒。
4. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have: their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.
【翻譯演練】 ________________________
【參考譯文】 過(guò)程并不是其自身,而是當(dāng)人們遇到新的體驗(yàn)和不期而至的障礙時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出的態(tài)度和感受:謹(jǐn)慎或者勇氣。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings//(people have: their caution or courage , as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles ).第一段是主系表結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)是The process,謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞is,表語(yǔ)是由not...,but (rather)...連接的兩個(gè)并列的名詞短語(yǔ)the road和the attitudes and feelings;第二段是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the attitudes and feelings,冒號(hào)后面的their caution or courage表示對(duì)先行詞的內(nèi)容解釋,畫(huà)線部分as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,是定語(yǔ)從句的一部分,修飾定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have,表示其發(fā)生的時(shí)間。
【詞匯精記】 process 過(guò)程,工藝;not..., but (rather)... 根本不是……而是……;attitude 態(tài)度;caution 謹(jǐn)慎;encounter 遇到;unexpected 出乎預(yù)料的;obstacle 障礙。
5. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
【翻譯演練】 ____________________________
【參考譯文】 我們之所以感激他們,是因?yàn)樵诖酥?,這些語(yǔ)言中有一些已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了;這是由于說(shuō)這些語(yǔ)言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而喪失了自己本族的語(yǔ)言。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 We are obliged to them// because some of these languages have since vanished ,//{ as the peoples (who spoke them) died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages}.第一段是主句:主語(yǔ)是We,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是are obliged to,賓語(yǔ)是them;第二段是because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,修飾are obliged,表示其原因;第三段則是as引導(dǎo)的另一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,但修飾的卻是前面從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have vanished,表示其原因;在as引導(dǎo)的從句中,主語(yǔ)是the peoples(括號(hào)中的who spoke them是其定語(yǔ)從句),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是or連接的并列謂語(yǔ)died out和became assimilated and lost...。
【詞匯精記】 be obliged to sb. 感激某人;since 自此以后(此處是副詞);vanish 消失;peoples 種族;die out 滅絕;become assimilated 被吸收,被同化;native languages 本族(國(guó))語(yǔ)言。
6. However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects.
【翻譯演練】 _______________________________
【參考譯文】 然而,世界就是如此:那些更加令人著迷、令人愉悅的方面,完美的體系一般無(wú)法解決。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 However, the world is so made// that elegant systems are (in principle) unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects .第一段是句子主干;第二段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,和前面的so形成搭配,表示其結(jié)果;從句的主語(yǔ)是elegant systems,謂語(yǔ)是are unable to deal with,賓語(yǔ)是some,括號(hào)中的in principle(一般而言)是從句謂語(yǔ)的范圍狀語(yǔ),后面畫(huà)線部分是賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)。
【詞匯精記】 elegant 優(yōu)雅的;system 體系,體制;in principle 一般而言;deal with 解決,處理;fascinating 令人著迷的;delightful 令人愉快的;aspect 方面。
7. The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.
【翻譯演練】 ________________________
【參考譯文】 如果要在智力方面做任何比較的話,就所有的參比對(duì)象而言前二者必須是等同的。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 The first two must be equal for all (who are being compared),// if any comparison (in terms of intelligence) is to be made.第一段中who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞all;第二段if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞must be,括號(hào)中的的介詞短語(yǔ)in terms of...作any comparison的后置定語(yǔ)。
【詞匯精記】 make a comparison 作比較;in terms of 就……而言,在……方面;intelligence 智力;equal 等同的,平等的。
8. The greater interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
【翻譯演練】 _______________________
【參考譯文】 過(guò)去的三十年里,在公共教育領(lǐng)域里所表現(xiàn)出的對(duì)特殊兒童的關(guān)注表明在我們社會(huì)有這樣一種強(qiáng)烈的感受:所有的公民都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)充分發(fā)展自身的能力,無(wú)論其自身?xiàng)l件如何。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 The greater interest (in exceptional children) (shown in public education over the past three decades ) indicates the strong feeling (in our society)//that all citizens , whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity (to fully develop their capabilities).這句話的主干是第一段:主語(yǔ)是The greater interest,謂語(yǔ)是indicates,賓語(yǔ)是the strong feeling;主語(yǔ)后面括號(hào)中介詞短語(yǔ)in...和過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)shown in...是其后置定語(yǔ)( 斜體部分over the past three decades則是shown的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),賓語(yǔ)feeling后面的in our society是介詞短語(yǔ)作feeling的后置定語(yǔ);第二段中,that引導(dǎo)的從句是feeling的同位語(yǔ)從句,對(duì)feeling作內(nèi)容的解釋;在that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句里,畫(huà)線部分是從句主干:主語(yǔ)是all citizens,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是deserve,賓語(yǔ)是the opportunity,賓語(yǔ)后的不定式to...是后置定語(yǔ)修飾賓語(yǔ);最值得關(guān)注的是:whatever又引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,作插入結(jié)構(gòu),加強(qiáng)從句的語(yǔ)氣,修飾indicate( 該讓步狀語(yǔ)從句省略了動(dòng)詞are)。
【詞匯精記】 exceptional children 特殊兒童;indicate 暗示,表明;over the past three decades 在過(guò)去的三十年里;deserve 值得;capability 能力;deserve the opportunity to 應(yīng)有機(jī)會(huì)做……。
9. Although perhaps only 1 percent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of plants, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.
【翻譯演練】 ____________________________
【參考譯文】 雖然起源自某處的生命可能只有1%會(huì)進(jìn)化成為高級(jí)復(fù)雜的智能生命形態(tài),但行星的數(shù)量是如此龐大,智能生命必然是宇宙的自然組成部分。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 Although perhaps only 1 percent of the life (that has started somewhere) will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns,//so vast is the number of plants,// that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.第一段是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,其中主語(yǔ)是1 percent of the life,其后是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)其限定修飾,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是will develop into,賓語(yǔ)是highly ...patterns;第二段是主句,因so vast置于句首,句子采用了倒裝,正常的語(yǔ)序形式是主系表結(jié)構(gòu):the number of plants is so vast;第三段是that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,與主句中的so形成so...that結(jié)構(gòu)。
【詞匯精記】 develop into 發(fā)展成,進(jìn)化成;highly complex 高度復(fù)雜的;intelligent 聰明的;pattern 模式,方式;intelligent patterns 智能生命形態(tài);intelligent life 智能生命;be bound to 注定;universe 宇宙;vast 遼闊的,巨大的。
10. While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences, whites were commonly driven by religious convictions.
【翻譯演練】 _____________________________
【參考譯文】 黑人列車員的行為源自于自己的痛苦經(jīng)歷,而白人列車員的行為則出自于自己的宗教信仰。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences,//whites were commonly driven by religious convictions.本句是一個(gè)典型的主從復(fù)合句,第一段是由while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,while是“盡管”之意,相當(dāng)于although;第二段是主句。
【詞匯精記】 black 黑人,黑人的;white 白人,白人的;conductor 列車員,導(dǎo)體;motivate 激勵(lì),給予動(dòng)機(jī);commonly 通常;drive 驅(qū)使;religious 宗教的;conviction 信仰。
11. Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
【翻譯演練】 ___________________________
【參考譯文】 由于大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展,各地的人都不斷感到有新的需求,并不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想,而上述這些原因也使得各國(guó)政府不得不經(jīng)常采取更進(jìn)一步的革新措施。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 Owing to the remarkable development (in mass-communications), people (everywhere) are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,// while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons (given above).第一段中,主語(yǔ)是people(后面的everywhere是其后置定語(yǔ)),謂語(yǔ)分別是are feeling和are being exposed to,賓語(yǔ)則分別是new wants和new customs and ideas,句首畫(huà)線部分是owing to引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ),表示謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生的原因,括號(hào)里的in...是其前面development的后置定語(yǔ);第二段是while連接的又一分句,和分句一形成對(duì)比關(guān)系,漢語(yǔ)意思是“而”,畫(huà)線的for the reasons是原因狀語(yǔ),表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的原因,其后面的given above是后置定語(yǔ),修飾reasons。
【詞匯精記】 owing to 因?yàn)?,由于;remarkable 顯著的,非同尋常的;mass-communications 大眾通訊;new wants 新的需求;be exposed to 接觸到,暴露在;custom 風(fēng)俗;introduce 引進(jìn),采取,施行;innovation 革新,革新措施;for the reasons given above 由于上述原因。
12. They had almost reached shore when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread the news.
【翻譯演練】 ______________________________
【參考譯文】 他們快到河岸的時(shí)候,突然一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)警戒的人發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們,并跑著去報(bào)告消息。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 They had almost reached shore when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread the news .本句中,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句比較特殊,根據(jù)前后主從句的邏輯,應(yīng)將其理解為“突然”之意;在從句中,spotted和raced off是a watchman的并列謂語(yǔ),句末畫(huà)線部分是從句的目的狀語(yǔ)。
【詞匯精記】 when有時(shí)可理解為“突然”;watchman 負(fù)責(zé)警戒的人;spot 認(rèn)出,發(fā)現(xiàn);race off 跑開(kāi);to spread the news 散布消息。
13. Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.
【翻譯演練】 _______________________
【參考譯文】 經(jīng)濟(jì)因素是野營(yíng)的一個(gè)主要推動(dòng)力量,因?yàn)樵谑状位ㄥX購(gòu)買或租賃了裝備后,總費(fèi)用要比住酒店的費(fèi)用少得多。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 Economy is one powerful motive (for camping),// since (after the initial outlay upon equipment), or (through hiring it), the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels .第一段是句子的主干:主語(yǔ)是Economy,謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞is,表語(yǔ)是one powerful motive,其后括號(hào)里的部分是其后置定語(yǔ);第二段是since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,其主干是畫(huà)線的部分:主語(yǔ)是the total expense,謂語(yǔ)是can be,表語(yǔ)是far less,句末斜體部分是從句的比較狀語(yǔ);但最值得關(guān)注的是前面兩個(gè)括號(hào)的內(nèi)容:連接詞or連接了兩個(gè)并列的介詞短語(yǔ)after...和through...(分別是從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和方式狀語(yǔ)),它們?cè)谛问缴戏指袅诉B接詞since和其連接的主干部分(畫(huà)線部分)。
【詞匯精記】 economy 經(jīng)濟(jì),省錢;powerful 強(qiáng)有力的;motive 動(dòng)機(jī);initial 首次的;outlay (upon) 花錢購(gòu)買;hire 雇傭;expense 費(fèi)用,花費(fèi)。
14. As the boat slid across the river, Parker watched carelessly as the pursuers closed in around the men he was forced to leave behind.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 在船駛向河對(duì)岸的時(shí)候,Parker只能無(wú)助地看著被迫留下的人慘遭追捕者的包圍。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 As the boat slid across the river , Parker watched carelessly as the pursuers closed in around the men (he was forced to leave behind).此句的主干是Parker watched carelessly,第一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(意為“在……的時(shí)候”),第二個(gè)as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,共同修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞watched;句末括號(hào)中的部分是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the men。
【詞匯精記】 across 跨過(guò);slide 滑行;careless 粗心的,漫不經(jīng)心的,出于自然的,無(wú)助的;pursuer 追捕者,追獵者;close in around 包圍;leave behind 丟下。
15. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.
【翻譯演練】 ____________________________
【參考譯文】 那些有關(guān)人類生命的主要復(fù)雜事實(shí)將始終無(wú)法理解,除非我們對(duì)它的規(guī)律和多樣性有足夠的認(rèn)識(shí)。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties , the main complicating facts of human life must remain un intelligible.此句話的主干是not...until結(jié)構(gòu),出于強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的采用了成分前置的形式(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前置),正常的語(yǔ)序形式是:The main complicating facts of human life must remain un intelligible until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties ;畫(huà)線的介詞短語(yǔ)as to...(關(guān)于……)是范圍狀語(yǔ),修飾系動(dòng)詞。
【詞匯精記】 intelligent 聰明的,此處引申為“理解,明白”;law 規(guī)律,法則;variety 多樣化;complicating 復(fù)雜的;unintelligible 不可理解的。
16. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great.
【翻譯演練】 ___________________
【參考譯文】 那種思想觀念暗示所有的兒童都有受教育的機(jī)會(huì),即,在學(xué)習(xí)中每個(gè)兒童都有權(quán)利得到幫助來(lái)充分發(fā)揮他或她的能力,無(wú)論其能力大小如何。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 That concept implies educational opportunity (for all children)//—the right (of each child) (to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great ).此句的主干是第一段,for all children是前面opportunity的后置定語(yǔ);第二段中的the right是opportunity的同位語(yǔ),其后面兩個(gè)括號(hào)中的表達(dá)是它的后置定語(yǔ),不定式to receive...后端的畫(huà)線成分是whether引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣; 此處的whether從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be,也就是說(shuō)采用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式,相對(duì)于陳述語(yǔ)氣來(lái)講,這是一種語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈的表達(dá)。
【詞匯精記】 concept 概念;imply 暗示;educational opportunity 教育的機(jī)會(huì);receive help in 在……方面獲得幫助;capacity 能力;to the limits of his or her capacity 達(dá)到能力的極限。
17. Except when blindfold, she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin.
【翻譯演練】 ______________________________
【參考譯文】 如果不蒙上雙眼,她的皮膚就不再具有識(shí)別物體的能力。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,從句中省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞,補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)是:Except when ( she was ) blindfold, she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin;一般而言,英語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)若和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且從句中有be動(dòng)詞,則從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)省略;主句的主語(yǔ)是she,謂語(yǔ)是lacked,賓語(yǔ)是the ability,不定式to...with her skin是ability的定語(yǔ),with her skin是perceive的方式狀語(yǔ)。
【詞匯精記】 blindfold(眼睛被)蒙住的;lack 缺乏;perceive 感知。
18. A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 一段漫長(zhǎng)而又不費(fèi)吹灰之力的成功史可能成為一種可怕的不利因素,但如果處理得當(dāng),它也會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化成一股推動(dòng)力。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞,補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)是:A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if ( it is ) properly handled, it may become a driving force;一般而言,英語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)若和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且從句中有be動(dòng)詞,則從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)省略;主句由but連接的兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句組成,第一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)是A history,介詞短語(yǔ)of long and effortless success是其定語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)是can be,表語(yǔ)是a dreadful handicap;第二個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)是it,指代前面的A history of long and effortless success,謂語(yǔ)是may become,表語(yǔ)是a driving force;條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)it也指代前面的A history of long and effortless success。
【詞匯精記】 effortless 不費(fèi)吹灰之力的;dreadful 可怕的;handicap 障礙,殘疾;handle 處理;driving force 推動(dòng)力。
19. Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough.
【翻譯演練】 ______________________________
【參考譯文】 我們通常所看到的大多數(shù)動(dòng)物,如果讓它們活得足夠長(zhǎng)久,它們也會(huì)像我們一樣衰老。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,條件狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞,補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)是:Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if ( they are ) given the chance to live long enough;一般而言,英語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)若和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且從句中有be動(dòng)詞,則從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)省略;主句的主語(yǔ)是Most animals,之后的we commonly observe是其定語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)是do age,其中do是助動(dòng)詞,表示強(qiáng)調(diào),age是動(dòng)詞,as we do是比較狀語(yǔ)從句,do指代前面的age;從句的主語(yǔ)they指代主句的Most animals,不定式to live long enough是chance的定語(yǔ),enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)要后置。
【詞匯精記】 age 衰老;in fact 實(shí)際上。
20. The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet, however modest, for ambition, belongs to most work.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 大多數(shù)工作令人滿意之處在于:它們都可以消磨時(shí)間,都可以或多或少為實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望提供機(jī)會(huì)。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 The satisfaction (of killing time) and (of affording some outlet, however modest , for ambition), belongs to most work.此句的主語(yǔ)是The satisfaction,謂語(yǔ)是belongs to,賓語(yǔ)是most work;兩個(gè)括號(hào)中的介詞短語(yǔ)of killing...和of affording...是并列關(guān)系,共同作主語(yǔ)The satisfaction的后置定語(yǔ);第二個(gè)括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容是難點(diǎn):however modest是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的省略,此處是插入形式,修飾前面的affording some outlet,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣;此讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)it(指代outlet)和be動(dòng)詞,補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)是:however modest ( it is ),它分隔了前面名詞outlet和其后置定語(yǔ)for ambition。
【詞匯精記】 satisfaction 滿意;kill time 消磨時(shí)間;afford 提供;outlet(感情、精力等的)發(fā)泄途徑;modest 適度的;ambition 雄心,此處可引申為“愿望”。
21. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 法官無(wú)論多么聰明,多么有名,畢竟是人,也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句省略了主語(yǔ)they和謂語(yǔ)are,補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)是:Judges, however (they are) wise or eminent , are human and can make mistakes;一般而言,英語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)若和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且從句中有be動(dòng)詞,則從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)省略。主句的主語(yǔ)是Judges,謂語(yǔ)是are和can make,human和mistakes分別是表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。
【詞匯精記】 eminent 著名的;human 人類的,人性的。
22. Once found, such knowledge has far more lasting meaning than mere information.
【翻譯演練】 __________________________
【參考譯文】 一旦找到,這種知識(shí)的意義就比純粹的信息持久得多。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞,補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)是: Once (it is) found ...;一般而言,英語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)若和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且從句中有be動(dòng)詞,則從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)省略。主句的主語(yǔ)是such knowledge,謂語(yǔ)是has,賓語(yǔ)是meaning,far more lasting是其定語(yǔ);從句的主語(yǔ)it指代主句的such knowledge。
【詞匯精記】 lasting 持久的;mere 僅僅的。
23. Americans have policies to cover every possible risk, no matter how remote.
【翻譯演練】 _________________________
【參考譯文】 美國(guó)人買的保險(xiǎn)單涉及所有可能發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn),無(wú)論發(fā)生的可能性是多么小。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞,補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)是:Americans have policies (to cover every possible risk), no matter how remote (it is );主句的主語(yǔ)是Americans,謂語(yǔ)是have,賓語(yǔ)是policies,不定式to cover...risk是其后置定語(yǔ);讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)it指代前面的possible risk。
【詞匯精記】 policy 保險(xiǎn)單;risk 風(fēng)險(xiǎn),危險(xiǎn);remote 遙遠(yuǎn)的。
24. Parents often feel inadequate when confronted on the one hand with the eager, sensitive mind of a child and on the other with a world of complex physical nature.
【翻譯演練】 _______________________________
【參考譯文】 父母一方面面對(duì)著孩子熱切敏銳的頭腦,另一方面面對(duì)著一個(gè)物理性質(zhì)復(fù)雜的世界,所以常常感到力不從心。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)省略現(xiàn)象,補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)是:Parents often feel inadequate//when ( they are ) confronted on the one hand with the eager, sensitive mind of a child and on the other with a world of complex physical nature;一般而言,英語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)若和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且從句中有be動(dòng)詞,則從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)省略;第一段主句的主語(yǔ)是Parents,謂語(yǔ)是feel,表語(yǔ)是inadequate;第二段狀語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)they指代主句的Parents,謂語(yǔ)是are confronted (on the one hand) with and (on the other hand) with,賓語(yǔ)則分別是名詞短語(yǔ)the eager,sensitive mind of a child和a world of complex physical nature。
【詞匯精記】 inadequate 不充分的,力不從心的;be confronted with... 面對(duì)……;on the one hand...on the other hand 一方面……另一方面;sensitive 敏感的,敏銳的;complex 復(fù)雜的;physical 物理的,客觀的;nature 特點(diǎn)。
25. But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
【翻譯演練】 ____________________________
【參考譯文】 但是與美國(guó)動(dòng)蕩的昔日歲月相比,今天的各項(xiàng)社會(huì)指標(biāo)幾乎無(wú)法表明社會(huì)環(huán)境的黑暗或日益惡化。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 But particularly when viewed agains America's turbulent past ,//today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,第一段是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;第二段是主句,主句的主語(yǔ)是today's social indices,謂語(yǔ)是hardly suggest,賓語(yǔ)是a...environment;時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞,補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)是:But particularly when ( they are ) viewed against America's turbulent past...,此處的they指代后面的主句主語(yǔ)(today's social indices);一般而言,英語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)若和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且從句中有be動(dòng)詞,則從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)省略。
【詞匯精記】 turbulent 動(dòng)蕩的;indices(index的復(fù)數(shù))指標(biāo),指數(shù);deteriorating 逐漸惡化的;dark 黑暗的。
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