所謂“預(yù)則立,不預(yù)則敗”,為更好地應(yīng)對(duì)“二???rdquo;乃至高考,亟需我們對(duì)“一模卷”作充分反思。為幫助高三學(xué)生有效掌握高考英語(yǔ)寫作方法,筆者對(duì)全市18個(gè)區(qū)縣的“一模卷”進(jìn)行了整理、分析,最后驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然各區(qū)縣作文形式上稍有不同,文體卻驚人一致,都是描述文。由此便有必要對(duì)一模卷的描述文寫作進(jìn)行梳理歸類。
18個(gè)區(qū)縣“一模卷”作文文體有哪些?
第一類是觀點(diǎn)表述,談?wù)剬?duì)某件事的看法。浦東新區(qū)、閔行、長(zhǎng)寧、楊浦、普陀、崇明、青浦、盧灣和虹口九個(gè)區(qū)縣都以此為作文主題,內(nèi)容從學(xué)生作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重到醉酒駕駛,到志愿者服務(wù),不一而足。其中長(zhǎng)寧和楊浦“不謀而合地一致”觸及社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)??梢?jiàn),作文主題已從學(xué)校生活漸漸聚焦社會(huì)議題,這不能不引起注意。
第二類是寫信。徐匯、松江(使用徐匯區(qū)試卷)、寶山、閘北和黃浦五個(gè)區(qū)以寫信形式為作文要求,但信中內(nèi)容終究還是談對(duì)某件事的看法,如“本班的介紹和對(duì)新同學(xué)的要求或期望”、“回憶你高中生活中最難忘的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴,就他們即將開(kāi)始的高中生活提出你的建議”、“火災(zāi)帶來(lái)的危害和預(yù)防火災(zāi)的重要性”、“中國(guó)達(dá)人秀”。
第三類是圖表。這次三個(gè)區(qū)的試卷以圖表考核學(xué)生寫作能力,但形式上略有不同:靜安為柱狀圖、嘉定為圖片、金山區(qū)則選擇表格。
第四類是活動(dòng)介紹。本次模考,奉賢區(qū)個(gè)性化地以活動(dòng)介紹為作文形式。
評(píng)判作文質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵是什么?
盡管形式多樣,但總的來(lái)說(shuō),主要提出兩個(gè)要求。描寫是其中之一,但描寫在我們看來(lái)只是幾句話帶過(guò)的“述題”部分,僅為引子。重頭戲是第二個(gè)要求,即要求考生看到事件背后的深刻主題而談出些有哲理的觀點(diǎn),這才是評(píng)判作文質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵所在。下面兩個(gè)例子可清楚說(shuō)明這點(diǎn)。
例子一:請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要描述此事并就“是否應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生去探險(xiǎn)”這個(gè)話題談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?長(zhǎng)寧區(qū));
例子二:對(duì)市民遛狗(walk the dog)的描述;自己養(yǎng)寵物的經(jīng)歷或社會(huì)上養(yǎng)寵物的情況;你對(duì)養(yǎng)寵物的看法。
而浦東新區(qū)在這方面的要求更為顯豁。“闡述如何過(guò)生日更有意義。”
從本次考試學(xué)生作文呈現(xiàn)的情況來(lái)看,學(xué)生在審題和具有邏輯性地表達(dá)方面還是有不少問(wèn)題的。下面我們就浦東新區(qū)作文如何進(jìn)行審題和如何進(jìn)行具有邏輯性地表達(dá)方面作一些分析。
Directions:Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 每個(gè)人每年都會(huì)過(guò)生日。請(qǐng)你簡(jiǎn)要描述一下你通常是怎么過(guò)生日的,并闡述如何過(guò)生日更有意義。
很多同學(xué)對(duì)“有意義”這一概念感到困惑。何謂“有意義”?筆者認(rèn)為做一件有意義的事,是指作者獲得快樂(lè)、提高認(rèn)知或給他人生活帶來(lái)變化等,這些都可視為“有意義”。
寫作思路:這篇作文從段落分布上說(shuō),主要有兩層,比例以5/5或4/6為宜。
1.引入主題,簡(jiǎn)要描述通常如何過(guò)生日,因?yàn)槭钦f(shuō)通常情況,語(yǔ)言以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為宜,而非描述過(guò)去某個(gè)特定生日。
2。.闡述一下如何使生日過(guò)得更有意義。可以從自身出發(fā),也可以泛泛而談。
結(jié)尾段。將主旨稍加提煉,可以單獨(dú)成段,也可以并入第二段。
本次“一???rdquo;的作文命題給我們帶來(lái)了深層的思考,如何讓學(xué)生在掌握新的單詞和語(yǔ)法的同時(shí)對(duì)于語(yǔ)言所體現(xiàn)的深層含義有更為精準(zhǔn)的把握,這是擺在所有英語(yǔ)教師和專家面前的關(guān)鍵性問(wèn)題。
下面我們提供兩篇學(xué)生習(xí)作,供大家借鑒。
第一篇以從句的應(yīng)用靈活、語(yǔ)言的哲理性取勝:
My birthday never means cakes capped with inviting icing or throwing a crazy party. Usually, a simple piece of cake is bought for my mother, not for me, for I want to thank her for bringing my life and soul to this world and honor the hardships she had been through during her pregnancy. I would also feel needed when part of my money is donated to charity on that day. My birthday-just an ordinary day-spells two words: respect and give.
Birthday should be extended to a deeper thinking of life. Days are gone when we were surrounded by those who loved us and were soaked in "happy birthday to you." Instead, it should be our turn to care about others with our respect and affection. No man can live in this society without being connected to others.
All we’ve gained is largely due to others’ devotion and sacrifice. Our birthday has provided us with a platform to pay back what we’ve taken for granted and cherish what we’ve obtained. Show your gratitude and respect; give a helping hand to those who are desperate for help. All that makes our world a better place will make our birthday meaningful and prove our being mature. That’s what birthdays are all about!
點(diǎn)評(píng):
該文章首先符合題目要求,而且邏輯性很強(qiáng),中心段緊緊扣住respect和 give兩個(gè)字眼;再者,文中不乏精妙表達(dá),如:"throw acrazy party, honor the hardships, spell twowords, be extended to, be soaked in, takefor granted, be all about";另外在從句應(yīng)用上也十分出彩,如"pay back whatwe’vetaken for granted and cherish whatwe’veobtained;give a helping hand to those whoare desperate for help;That’swhat birth-days are all about! ";最值得一提的是該學(xué)生在字里行間所折射出的思想成熟之美和具有體悟生活的哲理之美。
可見(jiàn)該作者在平日語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中不僅懂得積累,懂得靈活運(yùn)用,而且還使自己的眼光更加深邃,洞察社會(huì)的能力更加敏銳,對(duì)待生活的態(tài)度更加自然,面對(duì)人生的道路更加自信。這是篇高分作文。
第二篇的優(yōu)勢(shì)是語(yǔ)言平實(shí)而層次脈絡(luò)清晰:
Everyone has his or her own birthday, so every year there is a special day for us to celebrate. Yet, how to observe it is a matter of personal taste。
Take myself as an example, when it comes to my birthday every year, my mum will reserve a big dinner in a restaurant. The whole family gather together, celebrating my birthday and wishing me a happy life and a successful future. Then we eat noodles which symbolize longevity. It seems like a happy day, but not necessarily a very meaningful one。
In my opinion, as it is a special day in our life, which means a step towards our growth, we should spend it in a more meaningful way. First of all, as it was our mum who gave birth to us years ago, with days passing by, it’s time for us to show our love and gratitude. We can do some housework or just say "Thank you for your care and love." Moreover, we should extend our concern to others who are in need of love and care. Also we can spend the day in the community helping old people or offering to take care of children。
Last but not least, the whole family can go on an excursion instead of having a big dinner. It’s a wonderful time to expose ourselves to nature。
In my view, it means much more to choose our own way to celebrate our birthday。
點(diǎn)評(píng):盡管沒(méi)有華麗的辭藻,沒(méi)有復(fù)雜的句型,但行文流暢,層次清晰,是篇能效仿的好文章。這點(diǎn)提醒我們,只要懂得靈活應(yīng)用,只要表達(dá)恰如其分,哪怕是基本詞匯,通過(guò)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和一些句型,亦能妙筆生花??上У氖墙Y(jié)尾戛然而止,有些流于平淡。
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