2021年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試聽(tīng)力真題及答案（二）

Section A

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

M:Good morning and welcome to People in the News.(1)With me today is Meghan Brown,an environmental activist whose controversial new book Beyond Recycling is making headlines.

W:Hi,Brian.Thanks for having me today.I'm excited to explain to the audience what my bookis really about.

M:(2)Critics of your book assert that you're trying to force radical changes on theentire country.Some claim thatyou want toforce everyone to eat a vegetarian diet and make private transport illegal.

W:I'm aware of those claims,but they simply aren't true.People who haven't read the book are making assumptions aboutmy arguments.They know I'm a vegetarian,that I don't wear leather or fur,and that I always use public transportation.So they're depicting me as a radical animal rights activist and environmentalist determined to force my beliefs on others.

M:But don't you want others to adopt your practices?You've campaigned for animal rights and the environment for decades.

W:I'd love it if people choose to live as I do.But my life choices are based on my personal convictions.They aren't my recommendations for others who don't share those convictions.

M:Well,in this excerptfrom your book,you argue that meat consumption and private transport are devastating the environment and that the best choices for the planet are vegetarian diets and public transport.

W:I did write that.But those are examples of what I call best practics,not what I'm actually sugesting.(3)In my guidelines for savingthe environment,I suggest modest changes,like cating vegetarian meals two days a weck.

M:You also endorse high taxesonmeat andotheranimal products and increased taxes ongasoline.Thosetaxes could force poor people to adopt your life choices.

W:But the taxes I suggest aren't that high,less than 3% only.(4)Plus,the money generated would be allocated to environmental protection,which benefits everyone.

1.What do we learn about the woman's new book?

2.What do some critics say about the author of the book?

3.What does the woman claim about the diet changes she suggested?

4.What does the woman say about her suggested tax increase?

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.

M:(5)With me in the studio today is Ms.Jane Logan,author of a new book,Secrets to Success.She claims to have uncovered how people achieve success.So Ms.Logan,in your book,you claim that successful people have many things in common.For instance,they know their strengthswhen pursuing a goal.

W:That'sright.They also tend to be motivated by a negative or positive life event.(6)They credit thei success to having someone in their life who believes in them.

M:You also write that there are a number of different factors related to success.And while succesful people are driven to achieve their goals,the ultra successful have even greater ambition.

W:Yes,greater ambition as well as a burningdesire to be the best of the best isalso a common characteristic.

M:Right.So those who are determined don't see obstacles as something that prevents success,but mere inconveniences that need to be overcome.

W:Absolutely.(7)Successful people are also optimistic as it is important to stay positive while being aware of obstacles that can deter us from achieving our goals.

M:That's a good point.All too often,people give upat the first hurdle.Would you say then that most successful people make it allby themselves?

W:Not exactly.They are usually good at cooperating with peopleand understanding the needs of others. 

M:So people will be willing to help them,I guess.

W:That's correct.And this often leads to a great deal of mutual respect,whether it'swith a colleague,an assistant or even a receptionist.

M:Most successful people I know arevery passionate about theirwork.Would you say that passion is the single biggest key to success?

W:Not entirely.(8)There's a prerequisite,that is,you have to work in an environment that nurtures passion. If that exists,success will follow.

5.What has the woman revealed in her book?

6.What do successful people attribute their achievements to?

7.What do succesful people do when faced with difficulties?

8.What is one prerequisite for passion at work according to the woman?

Section B

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

The saying“blind as a bat”simply isn't correct.The truth is that all 1,100 bat speciescan see and often their vision is pretty good,although not as excellentas othernight-hunting animals.

There are two main groups of bats,which are believed to have evolved independently of cach other,but both from a common ancestor.The first group,known as the mega bats,are mostly medium-sized or largebats who eat fruits,flowers,and sometimes small animals or fish.(9)These species have distinctive visual centers and big  eyes.They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey.Forexample,Flying Foxes not only see wellduring daylight,but can alsodistinguish colors.They actually rely on their daylight vision and cannot fly during the night with no moonlight.

The second group,called micro bats,are smaller in size and mostly eat insects.(10)These species use echolocation to find their way and identify food. Scientists have proven that despite their poorly developed small eyes,these bats still can seeduring the day.When we consider the nightly lifestyle of these bats,we wll see they have to be sensitive to the changing light levels because this is how they sensewhen to start hunting.Moreover,vision is used by micro bats to travel over long distances,beyond the range of echolocation.

So the truth is,there are no bats which are naturally blind.(11)Some species use their sense of hearing more than their eyes as a matter of adaptation to a particular lifestyle,but their eyes arestill functional.

9.What do we learn about mega bats?

10.How do microbats find their way and identify food?

11.Why do some species of bats use their sense of hearing morethan their eyes?

Questions12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A study has found that educational TV shows come wth an added lesson that influences the child's behavior.(12)Children spending more time watching educational programs increasetheir emotional aggressior toward other children. This shows that children can learn the educational lesson that was intended.However.they're also learning other things along the way.

Thisunintended impact has to do with theportrayal of conflict in media and how preschool-age children  comprehend that conflict.TV and movie producers often incorporate an element of bad behavior.This is to teach children a lesson at the endof the program.Educational showshave pro-education and pro-social goals.

However,conflict between characters is oftendepicted with charactersbeing unkind to each otheror they may use emotionally aggressive tactics with each other.(13)Preschool children really don't get the moral of the story.That's because it requires that they understand how all the parts of the show fit together.You need pretty complicated cognitive skills and memory skills to be able to do that.These are still developing in young children.

However,parents shouldn't completely constrain children's viewing.(14)Parents should instead watch with their kids and help them to understand the plot.(15) Parents can comment along the way and then explain the message at the end.They should explain how certain type of behavior was not appropriate.This will help children interpret and get the message and help them learn to watch the show for those messages.

12.What does the passage say about children watching educational programs?

13.Why can't preschool children get the moral conveyed in the TV programs?

14.What doesthe passage suggest parents do?

15.What should parents do right after watching the TV program?

Section C

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

While ithas long been apractice in Asiancountries,many peoplein Western countries have ye to embrace the no-shoes-in-the-house rule.For many in those countries,wiping their shoes before going inside is regarded as sufficient.(16)After all,they may think a little dirt doesn't hurt anyone. But I can give you several good reasonswhy people should remove their shoes before going inside their homes.

Bacteria areeverywhere.They collect on your shoes whenyou walk along sidewalks,public toilet floors and even office carpets.In one study conducted at an American university,researchers collected microscopic germs from footwear.(17)They found that upto 421,000 units of bacteria can collect on the outsideof a single shoe.And it only takes a little bit of dirt to damage your timber floors.The more dirt youtrack in,the more it scratches and the more often you'd have to clean.The extra scrubbing will harm your floors overtime.Shoes can also leave marks and scratches on floors,especially high heels or shoes with pointed or hard parts.These can dent andscratch your floor.And if you live in an apartment building,removing your noisy shoes is the polite thing to doout of consideration for your downstairs neighbors.

Walking around with bare feet is actually better for your feet.It strengthens the muscles in your feet.Though many peopleareaccustomed to wearing shoes during all their waking hours,the moretime youspend wearing shoes,the more likely you areto incur foot injuries as a result.

(18)And if people aren't yet convinced by my arguments,I can give one final reason.The dust and toxic  chemicals you bring into your house via your shoes can deteriorate the air quality in your home.Toxic chemicals are everywhere in our lives:insect-killingchemicals used onpublic grass areas,cleaning chemicals onthefloors of public areas.By kicking off your shoes before you enter the home,you are denying entry to these harmful chemicals.

Given the amountof timewespend in classrooms,and the number of shoes that passthrough them every day,you may well understandme if I were to propose a no-shoes-in-the-classroom rule.

16.Why don't many Westerners take off shoes before entering a house?

17.What is the finding of one study byresearchers at an American university?

18.What is the final reason the speaker gives for removing shoes before entering a house?

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

Emotions are anessential and inseparable part of our consciousness.They are partof a built-in mechanism,which allows us to copewith the ups and downs of our lives both physically and mentally.When we hide our emotions andour true feelings,westop being genuine,spontaneous and authentic in our relationships.When weput on cultivated and polished faces in thecompany of others,we stop being true to ourselves.(19)Socially, it may be a goodtactic to hide our true emotions,but morally it is also a breach of faith andtrust. Although humans are more advanced and intelligent,animals are more genuine and authentic in their behavior and responses than human beings.The moreeducated we are,the less transparent and reliable we become.We are drawn to our petsbecause pets do not lie.

(20)One of the first steps in dealing with emotions such as anger or fear is to acknowledge them as normal and human. There is nothing sinful or immoral about being emotional,unless your emotions make you inhuman,insensitive and cruel to others.Feelings of guilt associated with emotions are more devastating and  damaging than the experience of emotion itself.So when you deal with the problem of emotions,you should learn not only how to control thembut alsohow to accept them andmanage the guilt and anguish arising from them.

Our brains are made up of a primitive inner core and a moreevolved and rational outer core.Most of the time,the rational part of the mind controls the informationcoming from the primitive core and makes its own decisions as to what to do and how to respond.However,during critical situations,especially when a threat is the primitive brain.As a result,we let disturbing thoughts and emotions arise in our consciousness and surrender to our primitive behavior

In times of emotional turmoil,remember that emotions arise because your sensesare wired to the primitive part of your mind which is self-regulated,autonomous and spontaneous.Your rational mind does not always deal with the messages coming from it effectively.These messages are part of your survival mechanism and should not be stifled simply because emotions are unhealthy and betray your weaknesses.(21)When emotion arise,instead of stifling them,pay attention to them and try to understand the messages they are trying to deliver. This wayyou make use of your emotions without losing your balance and inner stability.

19.What does the speaker say about hiding one's emotions?

20.What should we do first in dealing with emotions?

21.What are weadvised to do when emotionsarise?

Questions 22 to 25 are based on therecording you have just heard.

Good morning,class.My topic today ishow tofeeda hungry world.Theworld's population is expected to grow from6.8 billion today to 9.1 billion by 2050.Meanwhile,the world's population more than doubled from 3 billion between 1961 and 2007.Simultaneously,foodproduction has been constrained by a lack of scientific research.Stll,the task of feeding the world's population in 2050 seems easily posible.

What is neededis a second green revolution.This is an approach that is described as the sustainable growth of global agriculture.Such a revolution willrequire a wholesale shift of prioritiesin agricultural research.  

(22)There is an urgent need for new crop varieties. They must offer higher yields but use less water,nitrogen. rich fertilizers or other inputs.These new crops must also be more resistant to drought,heat and pests.Equally crucial is lower-tech research into basics such as crop rotation and mixed farming of animals and plants on small farms.

Developing nations could score substantial gains in productivity by making better use of modern technologies and practices.But thatrequires money.It is estimated that to meet the 2050 challenge,investment must double to 83 billion US dollars a year.(23)Most of that money needs to go towards improving agricultural infrastructure.Everything from production to storage and processing must improve.However,research agendas need tobe focused on the needs of the poorest and most resource-limited countries.It isthere that most of theworld's population lives and it is therethe population growth over the next decades will bethe greatest.

(24) To their credit,the world's agricultural scientists are embracing such a broad view.In March,for  example,they came together at the first Global Conference on Agricultural Research to begin working out how to change research agendas to help meet the needs of farmers in poorer nations. But these plans will not bea fruit unless they get considerably more support from policy-makers.

(25) The growth in public agricultural-research spending peaked in the 1970s and has been shrinking ever  since.The big exception is China,where spending has far surpassed other countries over the past decade.China seems set to transition to become the key supplier of relevant science and technology to poorer countries. Butdeveloped countries have a humanitarian responsibility too.Call by scientists for large increases in the appropriation of funds for public spending on agricultural research are more than justified.

22.What is an urgent need for feeding the world's population in 2050,according to the speaker?   

23.Where should most of the money be invested to feed the ever-growing population?

24.Why does the speaker give credit to the world's agricultural scientists?

25.What makes China exceptional in comparison with the rest of the world?