英語六級真題的聽力部分,作為衡量學(xué)生英語實際應(yīng)用能力的重要標(biāo)尺,涵蓋了短對話、長對話及短文理解三大板塊,這些題型著重考察考生捕捉關(guān)鍵信息并深入理解語境的能力。因此,深入掌握并熟練運用真題聽力材料,對于提升六級考試成績具有舉足輕重的意義。此次,我們精心整理了2021年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題聽力部分(卷一)的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容及答案解析,旨在為廣大考生提供寶貴的備考資源與參考!
Section A
Directions: In this section,you will hear too long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1.A)He will tell the management how hereally feels.
B)He will meet his new manager in two weeks.
C)He is going to attend a job interview.
D)He is going to leave his presentjob.
2.A)It should be kept private.
B)It should be carefully analyzed.
C)It can be quite useful to senior managers.
D)It can improve interviewees'job prospects.
3.A)It may leave a negative impression on the interviewer.
B)It may adversely affect his future career prospects.
C)It may displease his immediate superiors.
D)It may do harm to his fellow employees.
4.A)Prepare a comprehensive exit report.
B)Do some practice for the exit interview.
C)Network with his close friends to find a better employer.
D)Pour out his frustrations on a rate-your-employer website.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.A)Her unsuccessful journey.
B)Her month-long expedition.
C)Her latest documentary.
D)Her career as a botanist.
6.A)She had to live like a vegetarian.
B)She was caught in a hurricane.
C)She had to endure many hardships.
D)She suffered from water shortage.
7.A)A huricane was coming.
B)A flood was approaching.
C)They had no more food in the canoe.
D)They could no longer bear the humidity.
8.A)It was memorable.
B)It was unbearable.
C)It was uneventful.
D)It was fruitful.
Section B
Directions:In this section,you will hear too passages.At the end of each passage,you woill hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9.A)Itdiminishes laymen's interest in science.
B)It ensures the accuracy of their arguments.
C)It makes their expressions more explicit.
D)It hurts laymen's dignity and self-esteem.
10.A)They can learn to communicate with scienists.
B)They tend to disbelieve the actual science.
C)They feel great respect towards scientists.
D)They will see the complexity of science.
11.A)Find appropriate topics.
B)Stimulate their interest.
C)Explain all the jargon terms.
D)Do away with jargon terms.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12.A)The local gassy hill might start a huge fire.
B)There was oil leakage along the Gulf Coast.
C)The erupting gas might endanger local children.
D)There were oil deposits below a local gassy hill.
13.A)Themassive gas underground.
B)Their lack of the needed skill.
C)The sand under the hill.
D)Their lack of suitable tools.
14.A)It rendered many oil workers jobless.
B)It was not as effective as he claimed.
C)It gave birth to the oil drilling industry.
D)It was not popularized until years later.
15.A)It radically transformed the state's economy.
B)It resulted in an oil surplus all over the world.
C)It totally destroyed the state's rural landscape.
D)It ruined the state's cotton and beef industries.
Section C
Directions: In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16.A)Unsuitable jobs.
B)Bad managers.
C)Insufficient motivation.
D)Tough regulations.
17.A)Ineffective training.
B)Toxic company culture.
C)Lack of regular evaluation.
D)Overburdening ofmanagers.
18.A)It collected feedback from both employers and employees.
B)It wasconducted from frontline managers'point of view.
C)It provided meaningful clues to solving the problem.
D)It was based only on the perspective of employees.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you havejust heard.
19.A)It is seeing an automation revolution.
B)It is bringing prosperity to the region.
C)It is yielding an unprecedented profit.
D)It is expanding at an accelerating speed.
20.A)It exhausts resources sooner.
B)It creates a lot of new jobs.
C)It causes conflicts between employers and employees.
D)It calls for the retraining of unskilled mining workers.
21.A)They welcome it with open arms.
B)They will wait to see its effect.
C)They are strongly opposed to it.
D)They accept it with reservations.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22.A)Their cost to the nation's economy is incalculable.
B)They kill more people than any infectious disease.
C)Their annual death rate is about twice that ofthe global average.
D)They have experienced a gradual decline since the year of 2017.
23.A)They show a difference between rich and poor nations.
B)They don't reflect the changes in individual countries.
C)They rise and fall from year to year.
D)They are not as reliable as claimed.
24.A)Many of them have increasing numbers of cars on the road.
B)Many of them are following the example setby Thailand.
C)Many of them have seen a decline in road-death rates.
D)Many of them are investing heavily in infrastructure.
25.A)Foster better driving behavior.
B)Provide better training for drivers.
C)Abolish all outdated traffic rules.
D)Impose heavier penalties on speeding.
Section A
Conversation One
1-M:It's my last day at work tomorrow.Ill start my new job in two weeks,My human resources manager wantsto conduct an interview with me before I leave.
2-W:Ah,an exit interview.Are you looking forward to it?
3-M:I'm not sure how I feel about it.I resigned because I've been unhappy at that company for a long time,but I'm not sure if I should tell them how I really feel.
4-W:To my way of thinking,there are two main potential benefits that come from unleashing an agitated stream of truth during an exit interview.The first is release.Unburdening yourself of frustration,and perhaps even anger to someone who isn't a friend or close colleague can be wonderfully freeing.
5-M:And let me guess.The second isthat the criticism will,theoretically,help the organization I'm eaving to improve,making sure employees of the future are less likely to encounter what I did?
6-W:That's right.But the problem with the company improvement part is that very often it doesn't happen.An exit interview is suposed to be private,but often isn't.In my company,the information gained from these interviews is often not confidential.And the information is used as dirt against another manager,or can be traded among senior managers.
7-M:Now you've got me rethinking what Ill disclose in the interview.There is always a chance that it could affect my reputation and my ability to network in the industry.It is a prett small industry after all.
8-W:Anything you initially gain from the instantsatisfaction of tellingit like it is,you mightlose down the track by injuring your future career prospects.
9-M:Right. Perhaps it would be better getting things off my chest by going to one of those rate-your employer websites.
10-W:You could.And don't do the interview at all,Exit interviews are not mandatory.
Q1:What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
Q2:What does the woman think about the information gained from an exit interview?
Q3:Why does theman want to rethink what he will say in the coming exit interview?
Q4:What does the man think he had better do?
Conversation Two
1-M:Today,I'm talking to the renowned botanist,Jane Forster.
2-W:Thank you for inviting me to join you on the show,Henry.
3-M:Recently,Jane,you've become quite a celebrity since the release of your latest documentary. Can you tell us a little about it?
4-W:Well,it follows my expedition to study the vegetation indigenous to the rainforest in equatorial areas of Southeast Asia.
5-M:You certainly get to travel to some very exotic locations.
6-W:It was far from glamorous,to be honest.The area we visited was accessible only by canoe and the living conditions in the hut were primitive,to say the least.There was no electricity.And our water supply was a nearby stream.
7-M:How were the weather conditions while you were there?
8-W:The weather was not conducive to our workat all,since the humidity was almost unbearable.At midday,we stayed in the hut and did nothingIt was too humid to either work or sleep.
9-M:How long didyour team spend in the jungle?
10-W:Originally,we planned to be there for a month.But in the end,westayed foronly two weeks.
11-M:Why did you cut the expedition short?
12-W:Halfway through the trip,we received news that a hurricane was approaching.And we had to evacuate at very short notice.
13-M:That sounds like a fascinating anecdote.
14-W:It was frightening.The fastest evacuation route was through river rapids,We had to navigate them carrying all of our equipment.
15-M:So overall,was the journey unsuccessful?
16-W:Absolutely not.We gathered a massive amount of data about the local plant life.
17-M:Why do you put up with such adverse conditions?
18-W:Botany is an obsession for me.Many of the destinations I visit have stunning scenery.And I get to meet a variety of people from all over the world.
19-M:So where will your next destinationbe?
20-W:I haven't decided yet.
21-M:Then we can leave it for another oceasion,Thanks.
Q5;Whatdoes theman wantJane Forster to talk about?
Q6:Why does the woman describe her experience as“far from glamorous”?
Q7:Why did the woman and those who went with her end their trip halfway?
Q8:What does the woman think of the journey?
Section B
Passage One
I Scientists often use specialized jargon terms while communicating with laymen.Most of them don't realize the harmful effects of this practice.In a new study,people exposed to jargon when reading about subjects like autonomous vehicles and surgical robots later said they were less interested in science than others who read about the same topics,but without the use of specialized terms.They also felt less informed about science and less qualified to discuss science topics.It's noteworthy that it made no difference if the jargon terms were defined in the text,Even when the terms were defined,readers still felt the same lack of engagement as readers who read jargon that wasn't explained.
Ⅱ The problem is that the mere presence of jargon sends a discouraging mesage to readers.Hillary Schulman,the author of the study,asserts that specialized wordsare a signal.Jargon tells people that the message isn't for them.
Ⅲ There's an even darker side to howpeople react to jargon.In another study,researchers found that reading scientific articles containing jargon led people to doubt the actual science.They found the opposite—when a text is easier to read,then.people are more persuaded.
IV Thus,it's important to communicate clearly when talking about complex science subjects.This is especially true with issues related to public health,like the safety of new medications and the benefits of vaccines.Schulman concedes that the use of jargon is appropriate with scientific audiences.But scientists who want to communicate with the general public need to modify their language.They need to eliminate jargon.
Q9:What does the passage say about the use o jargon terms by experts?
Q10:What do researchers find about people reading scienific articles containing jargon terms?
Q11:What does Schulman suggest scientists do when communicating with the general public?
Passage Two
I At the beginning of the twentieth century,onthe Gulf Coast in the US state of Texas,there was a hill where gas leakage was so noticeable that schoolboys would sometimes set the hill on fire.
Ⅱ Patillo Higgins,a disreputable local businessman,became convinced that there was oil below the gassy hill.Oil wells weren't drilled back then:they were essentially dug.The sand under the hill defeated several attempts by Higgins'workers to make a proper hole.Higgins had forecast oil at 1,000 feet,a totally made-up figure.
Ⅲ Higgins subsequently hired a mining enginer,Captain Anthony Lucas.After encountering several setbacks,Captain Lucas decided to use a drill,and his innovations created the modern oil dilling industry.
IV In January 1901,at1.020 feet—almost precisely the depth predicted by Higgins wild guess—the well roared and suddenly ejected mud and six tons of drilling pipe out of theground,terrifying those present.For thenext nine days,until the well was capped,the well poured out more oil than all the wells in America combined.
V In those days,Texas was almost entirely rural,with no large cities and practically no industry; cotton and beef were the foundation of the economy.Higgins'well changed that.The boom made some prospectors millionaires,but the sudden surplus of petroleum was not entirely a blessing for Texas.In the 1930s,prices crashed,to the point that in some parts of the country oil wascheaper than water. That would become a familiar pattern of the boom-or-bust Texas economy.
Q12:What did Texas businessman Pattillo Higgins believe?
Q13:What prevented Higgins'workers from digging a proper hole to get the oil?
Q14:What does the passage say about Captain Lucas'drilling method?
Q15:What do we learn about Texas'oil industry boom?
Section C
Recording One
I Most people dislike their jobs.It's an astonishing but statistical fact.A primary cause of employee dissatisfaction,according to fresh research,is that many believe they have terrible managers. Few describe their managers as malicious or manipulative though.While those types certainly exist,they are minority.The majority of managers,seemingly,just don't know any better.They are often emulating bad managers they've had in the past.It's likely they've never reada management book or attended a management course.They might not have even reflectedon what good managemen looks like and how it would influence their own management style.
Ⅱ The researchers interviewed employees about their managers,beginning with a question about the worst manager they had ever had,From this,the researchers came up with four main causes of why some managers are perceived as being simply awful at their jobs.
Ⅲ The first cause was company culture,which was seen by employees as enabling poor management practices.It was specifically stressful work environments,minimal training and a lack of accountability that werefound to be the most blameworthy.Often a manager's superiors can effectively encourage a manager's distasteful behavior when they fail to discipline the person's wrongdoings.Such workplaces are sometimes described as toxic.
IV The second cause was attributed to the managers'characteristics.Thosedeemed to be most destructive were odd people—those without drive,those who allow personal problems into the workplace,and those with an unpleasant temperament or personality in general.
V The third cause of poor management was associated with a deficiency of qualifications—not so much the formal variety one obtains from auniversity,but theinformal varietythat comes from credible work experience and professional accomplishments.
VI The fourth cause concerned managers who've been promoted for reasons other than potential. One reason in particular why these people had been promoted was that they had been around the longest. It wasn't their skill set or other merits that got them the job;it was their tenure.
VII A point worth making is that the study was based only on the perspective of employees.The researchers didn't asksenior leaders what they thought of their frontline managers.It's quite possible they're content with how the individuals they promoted are now performing,merrily ignorant of the damage they're actually causing,which might explain why,as the researchers conclude,those same middle managers are usually unaware that they are a bad manager.
Q16:What is a primary cause of employeedissatisfaction accordingto recent research?
Q17:Whatis one of the causes for poor management practices?
Q18:What do we learn about the study on job dissatisfaction?
Recording Two
I With the use of driverless vehicles seemingly inevitable,mining companies in the vast Australian desert state of Western Australia are definitely taking the lead.
Ⅱ Iron ore is a key ingredient in stecl-making.The mining companies here produce almost 300 million tons of iron ore a year.The 240 giant autonomous trucks in use,in theWestern Australian mines,can weigh 400 tons,fully loaded,and travel at speeds ofup to 60 kilometers per hour.They are a technological leap, transporting iron ore along routes which run forhundreds of kilometers from mines to their destinations.Here when thetruck arrives at its destination,staff in the operationcenter direct it precisely where to unload.Vast quantities of iron ore are then transported by autonomous trains to ocean ports
Ⅲ Advocates argue these automated vehicles will change mining forever.It may only be five years before the use of automation technology leads to a fully robotic mine.
IV A range of factors has pushed Western Australia's desert region to the lead of this automation revolution.These include the huge size of the mines,the scale of equipment and the repetitive nature of some of the work.Then there's the area's remoteness.At 502,000 square kilometers,it can sometimes make recruiting staffa challenge.Another consideration is the risks when humans interact with large machinery.There are also the financial imperatives.The ongoing push by the mining corporations to be more productive and more efficient is another powerful driver in embracing automation technology.
V The concept of a fully autonomous mine is a bit of a misleading term,however.This is because the more technology is put into the field,the more people are needed to deploy,maintainand improve it.
VI The automation and digitization of the industry is creating a need for different jobs.These include data scientists and engineers in automation and artificial intelligence.The mining companies claim automation and robotics present opportunities to make mining more sustainable and safer.Employees will be offered a career that is even more fulfilling and more rewarding.
VII Workers'unions have accepted the inevitability of the introduction of new technology.But they still have reservations about the rise of automation technology.Their main concern isthe potential impact on remote communities.As automation spreads further,the question is how theseremote communities will survive when the oldjobs are eliminated.And this may well prove to bethe most significantimpact of robotic technology in many places around the world.
Q19:What does the passage say about the mining industry in Western Australia?
Q20:What is the impact of the digitization of the mining industry?
Q21:What is the attitude of workers'unions towards the introduction of newtechnology?
Recording Three
I According to official statistics,Thailand's annual road-death rate is almost double the global average. Thai people know that their roads are dangerous,but they don't know this could easily be changed.
II Globally,road accidents kill more people every year than any infectious disease,Researchers at the Institutefor Health Metrics and Evaluation in America put the death toll in 2017 at 1.24 million. According to the institute,the overallnumber of deaths has been more or less static since the turn of the century. But that disguises a lot of changes in individual countries.
Ⅲ In many poor countries,road accidents are killing more people than ever before.Those countries have swelling,young populations,a fast-growing fleet of cars and motorbikes,and a limited supply of surgeons.It is impossible to know for sure because official statistics are so inadequate,but deaths are thought to have risen by 40% since 1990 in many low-income countries.In many rich countries,by contrast,roads are becoming even safer.In Estonia and Ireland,for example,thenumber of deaths has allen by about two-thirds since the late 1990s.
IV But the most important and intriguing changes are taking place in middle-income countries,which contain most of the world's people and have some of the most dangerous roads. According to researchers,in China and South Africa,traffic deaths have been falling since 2000,and in India since 2012,and the Philippines reached its peak four years ago.The question is whether Thailand can soon follow suit.
V Rob McInerney,head of the International Road Assessment Programme,says that allcountries end to go through three phases.They begin with poor,slow roads.In the second phase,as they grow wealthier,they pave the roads,allowing traffic to move faster and pushing up thedeath rate.Lastly,in the third phase,countries act to make their roads safer.The trick,then,is to reach the thirdstage sooner,by focusing earlier and more closely on fatal accidents.
VI How to do that?The solution lies not just in better infrastructure,but in better social incentives. Safe driving habits are practices which people know they should follow but often don't.Dangerous driving is not a fixed cultural trait,as some imagine.People respond to incentives,such as traffic laws that are actually enforced.
Q22:What does the speaker say about traffic accidents inThailand?
Q23:What do we learn from an American institute's statistics regarding road deaths?
Q24:What is said about middle-income countrics?
Q25;What clse could be done to reduce fatal road accidentsin addition to safer roads?
1.[答案精析]D。第1段男士提到“明天是我最后一天上班”,表明他將從現(xiàn)在的崗位離職,D項正確。A項將第3段末句信息“但我不確定是否要告訴他們我的真實感受”竄改為“將告訴管理部門他的真實感受”。B項由第1段②句的“in two weeks”和③句的“human resources manager”雜糅編造而來,但原文僅提及男士兩周后將開始他的新工作,并未提及他是否將與新經(jīng)理會面。C項利用第1段②句的碎片信息“job”和第2段①句的“interview”編造出“job interview”(工作面試),但原文的interview指“離職面談”,即在員工離開公司前與其進(jìn)行的面談。
2.[答案精析]A。第6段女士指出,離職面談本該是保密的,卻往往被公開,A項正確。B項由第5段信息 “這類信息理論上可以幫助公司做出改進(jìn)”倒推而來,但這是男士提出的理想情況,而女士已明確表示,現(xiàn)實中所謂的“公司改進(jìn)”往往不會發(fā)生,并建議男士拒絕離職面談,選項內(nèi)容與女士對離職面談的總體態(tài)度不符。C項將第6段⑤句信息“在高級經(jīng)理之間進(jìn)行交易”竄改為“對高級經(jīng)理來說非常有用”。D項與第8段女士的觀點“離職面談中透露的信息可能損害受訪者的職業(yè)前景”相悖。
3.[答案精析]B。第7段②句男士認(rèn)為,在離職面談中透露的信息有可能影響到他的聲譽和他建立業(yè)內(nèi)人脈的能力,B項概括此句句意,故正確。A項從第4段中的agitated,frustration、anger臆斷出“在離職面談中 傾吐消極情緒可能給面談官留下負(fù)面印象”,原文并無相關(guān)信息。C項由第4段中的anger一詞編造而來,但原文實指“在離職面談中向人力資源經(jīng)理傾訴憤怒”,且文中并未提及參與離職面談的人力資源經(jīng)理是該男士的直屬上司。D項由第4段末句中的Unburdening yourself...to...a friend or close colleague推斷而來,但實屬斷章取義,該句指出離職面談可以讓人自由地傾吐負(fù)面情緒,而不必麻煩朋友或同事,選項與此不符。
4.[答案精析]D。第9段末句,男士表示也許自己去一個雇主評價網(wǎng)站上一吐為快更好,D項概括該句句意,故正確。A項根據(jù)常識“離職通常需要提交書面申請”捏造,文中并無任何信息提及“離職報告”。B項將男士去雇主評價網(wǎng)站的目的“傾訴自己的挫敗感”竄改為“做一些離職面談的練習(xí)”。C項根據(jù)第7段②句的 “my ability to network”(建立人脈的能力)設(shè)置干擾,但原文意在指出在離職面談中吐露實情可能影響自己拓展人脈,而非“與密友建立人脈網(wǎng)以尋找更好的雇主”。
5.[答案精析]C。第3段男士指出女士在發(fā)布新的紀(jì)錄片后名氣大增,請女士簡單分享紀(jì)錄片的相關(guān)信息;第4段女士回答紀(jì)錄片的主要內(nèi)容。二者問答均與紀(jì)錄片有關(guān),C項正確。A、B兩項利用紀(jì)錄片的具體內(nèi)容設(shè)置干擾,但A項中unsuccessful、B項中month-long均偏離事實。D項由第1段中的botanist捏造而來,與文意不符。
6.[答案精析]C。第6段女士首先總結(jié)指出此次經(jīng)歷“一點都不迷人”,隨后具體說明她經(jīng)歷的許多困難:只能乘坐獨木舟前往目的地,居住條件簡陋,沒有電,取水不易。C項是對女士說法的正確概括。A項由第4段中的 vegetation(植物)編造出vegetarian(素食者)一詞,與文意不符。B項誤將第12段的關(guān)鍵詞hurricane(颶風(fēng))當(dāng)作此次經(jīng)歷“不迷人”的原因,而颶風(fēng)實際指向考察中止的原因。D項由第6段段末信息“水源就是附近的小溪(取水不易)” 過度推斷出“女士遭遇了缺水問題(無處取水)”。
7.[答案精析]A。第11段男士詢問女士為何中止行程;第12段女士回答稱,考察進(jìn)行到一半的時候,他們得知颶風(fēng)正在逼近,不得不撒離,故A項正確。B項將第14段中的river rapids(急流)錯誤理解為flood(洪水)。C項根據(jù)第6段中的canoe(獨木舟)一詞及此次考察遇到的重重困難臆斷出“獨木舟上沒有食物”。D項將第8段的信息“天氣過于濕熱,幾乎讓人無法忍受”過度解讀為女士的團隊因“無法忍受濕熱”而中止了行程。
8.[答案精析]D。第15段男士詢問女士是否認(rèn)為此次考察之旅失?。坏?6段女士否認(rèn)此行失敗,指出他們收集到了大量關(guān)于當(dāng)?shù)刂参锏馁Y料,可見女士認(rèn)為此行成果頗豐,D項正確。A、C兩項均利用慣常認(rèn)識進(jìn)行干擾,原文無相關(guān)信息。B項將第8段中女士對當(dāng)?shù)靥鞖獾母惺?almost unbearable)誤當(dāng)作其對這次旅行的評價。
9.[答案精析]A。I段③④句指出,一項新研究表明,閱讀時遇到專業(yè)術(shù)語的讀者對科學(xué)的興趣不及那些閱讀相同話題但文章沒有使用術(shù)語的人,且專業(yè)術(shù)語會令他們感到對科學(xué)的了解較少、對科學(xué)話題的討論資格更低,A項契合文意。B、C項利用慣常認(rèn)知(專業(yè)術(shù)語更具規(guī)范性、準(zhǔn)確性、清晰性)進(jìn)行干擾,但文中并無信息支撐。D項由④句They also felt less informed...and less qualified...“讓非專業(yè)人士感覺知之甚少、討論的資格較低”過度引申而來。
10.[答案精析]B。題干+B項同義替換Ⅲ段②句“研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),閱讀含有專業(yè)術(shù)語的科學(xué)文章會導(dǎo)致人們對真正的科學(xué)產(chǎn)生懷疑”。A項利用文本中高頻詞匯communicate,scientists設(shè)置干擾,錯誤性質(zhì)同C項,均與文意“專業(yè)術(shù)語(大大增加了大眾對科學(xué)文章的理解與交流難度,從而)讓大眾不信任科學(xué)(家)”相悖。D項利用V段①句的碎片信息complex science subjects設(shè)置干擾,但原文指向“在談?wù)搹?fù)雜的科學(xué)問題時,清晰的交流很重要”。
11.[答案精析]D。題干+D項同義改寫IV段③④⑤句“若想與普通大眾交流,科學(xué)家需調(diào)整他們的話術(shù),避免使用專業(yè)術(shù)語”。A項由IV段中的碎片信息science subjects、appropriate雜糅捏造而來,但文中實指“在談?wù)搹?fù)雜的科學(xué)問題(science subjects)時,清晰的交流十分重要;專業(yè)術(shù)語在面向科學(xué)界受眾時較為適用 (appropriate)”,選項與文意相去甚遠(yuǎn)。B項利用I段③句中的they were less interested in science進(jìn)行干擾, 但錯將該句句意“閱讀興趣因科學(xué)術(shù)語而降低”曲解為“對科學(xué)興趣不足(應(yīng)激發(fā)興趣)”。C項與M段⑤句“他們應(yīng)避免使用專業(yè)術(shù)語”相悖,且由I段⑤⑥句也可知“無論文本中是否給出了術(shù)語的釋義,讀者都一樣缺乏興趣”,選項內(nèi)容違背舒爾曼的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。
12.[答案精析]D。Ⅱ段①句明確指出,希金斯堅信“這座天然氣繚繞的山丘底下蘊藏著石油”,因此D項正確。A項利用首段提到的“男生們有時能把山丘點燃”進(jìn)行干擾,但“可能會引發(fā)一場大火”是事實,并非希金斯的觀點。 B項利用首段中的Gulf Coast,leakage斷章取義,然而文中并未提到相關(guān)信息。C項根據(jù)“男生們有時能把山丘點燃”過度推導(dǎo),但文中并未提及兒童可能因此受傷,而且這也不是希金斯的觀點。
13.[答案精析]C。Ⅱ段③句指出,希金斯的工人好幾次嘗試著挖出一個合適的孔洞,但都因山丘下的流沙而失敗了。因此C項正確。A項利用Ⅱ段①句中的gassy進(jìn)行干擾,但文中并未提到山丘下有大量的天然氣,且這也不是工人們遭遇失敗的原因。B項利用常識進(jìn)行干擾,但文中沒有提到工人們的技能問題。D項利用Ⅲ段②句講述的新機器進(jìn)行干擾,認(rèn)為之前的失敗是由于舊的工具和手段,然而文中也沒有足夠的信息支撐。
14.[答案精析]C。Ⅲ段末句表示,盧卡斯的創(chuàng)新締造了現(xiàn)代的鉆井工業(yè)。因此C項正確。A項由Ⅲ段末句的drill innovations以及Ⅱ段②句的essentially dug過度推導(dǎo)而來。考生可能會認(rèn)為dug表示工人們之前是使用人力進(jìn)行挖掘,而鉆機(drill)的引入就會導(dǎo)致他們失業(yè)。但文中并未明確提到有工人因此失業(yè)。B項的主要信息文中也沒有提及:盧卡斯沒有對他的方法的有效性做出評價。D項由Ⅲ段末句modern一詞臆測而 來,但文中沒有講到這種鉆機何時推廣開來。
15.[答案精析]A。V段②句指出,希金斯的油井改變了這一切。“這一切”(that)指的是①句所述的得州以第一產(chǎn)業(yè)為主導(dǎo)的經(jīng)濟,因此A項正確。B項根據(jù)③句中的sudden surplus進(jìn)行干擾,但文中并未提到這種 過剩是否是全球性的。C、D兩項由②句臆測而來:②句僅表示“改變了”得州整體的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),沒有提到以鄉(xiāng)村為主的面貌或羊毛、牛肉產(chǎn)業(yè)具體發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。
16. [答案精析]B。I段③句指出,根據(jù)一項新研究,員工不滿的主要原因是許多人認(rèn)為自己有糟糕的主管。 題干+B項是對①句A primary cause of employee dissatisfaction,according to fresh research,is...terrible managers的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故正確。A項由I段首句主觀臆斷出“導(dǎo)致員工不滿的主要原因是工作不合適”,但該句僅陳述了大多數(shù)人不喜歡自己的工作這一事實,并未說明工作是否合適,也沒有指出這是導(dǎo)致員工不滿的主要原因。C項干擾源自IV段②句those without drive,但該信息意在說明缺乏積極性是糟糕主管的其中一種特征,而并未指出這是導(dǎo)致員工不滿的主要原因。D項由Ⅲ段首句The first cause was company culture主觀臆斷出“管理嚴(yán)格的公司文化是員工不滿的主要原因”,但由②句可知,這里所提及的公司文化并非指管理嚴(yán)格,且該句的cause并非指向員工不滿的原因,而是指向主管被認(rèn)為工作表現(xiàn)糟糕透頂?shù)脑颉?/span>
17.[答案精析]B。Ⅱ段末句首先指出研究發(fā)現(xiàn)糟糕管理有四個主要原因。隨后Ⅲ段首句指出員工認(rèn)為公司文化促成了糟糕的管理方法。接著②③句具體解釋了什么樣的公司文化會促成糟糕的管理方法,④句將這樣的公司文化稱為toxic“有毒害的”。由此可知,有害的公司文化是導(dǎo)致糟糕管理方法的原因之一,故B項正確。A項將Ⅲ段②句中的minimal training(最小限度的培訓(xùn))竄改為Ineffective training(無效的培訓(xùn))。C項由Ⅲ段②③句中的a lack of accountability(問責(zé)機制缺失)、Often..,fail to discipline...wrongdoings(未對錯誤行為進(jìn)行懲戒)過度推導(dǎo)而來,選項內(nèi)容實際并未在文中提及。D項源自Ⅲ段②句中的stressful work environments,卻將其實際內(nèi)涵“整體工作環(huán)境壓力大”竄改為“主管個人負(fù)控過重”。
18.[答案精析]D。VII段首句指出這項關(guān)于工作不滿的研究只基于員工的觀點,D項完整復(fù)現(xiàn)了該句信息, 故正確。由VII段①②句可知,本研究并未參考雇主及主管的意見,A、B項均與這兩句所傳達(dá)的信息相悖,故錯誤。C項由本文主旨“該研究揭示了導(dǎo)致糟糕管理的四大原因”及常識“分析問題原因有助于針對性地解決問題”過度推導(dǎo)而來,但“揭示原因”并不直接等同于“提供解決線索”,文中實際并未提及“如何解決員工不滿/糟糕管理的問題”,也未說明該研究在這一方面有何貢獻(xiàn)。
19.[答案精析]A。錄音開篇指出,無人駕駛車輛的應(yīng)用似乎已經(jīng)成為必然,西澳大利亞州的礦業(yè)公司正走在前沿,即這些礦業(yè)公司正在應(yīng)用無人駕駛車輛。Ⅱ段詳述自動駕駛車輛的應(yīng)用。Ⅲ段展望礦區(qū)的未來。IV段首句總結(jié)上文指出,一系列的因素將西澳大利亞州的礦區(qū)推向了這場自動化革命的前沿。綜合可知,西澳大利亞州的采礦業(yè)正在經(jīng)歷一場自動化革命,故A項正確。B項將Ⅱ段中“自動駕駛汽車在礦區(qū)(mines)忙碌的景象”曲解為“整個西澳大利亞州(the region)經(jīng)濟上的繁榮(prosperity)”;C項由Ⅱ段中“礦區(qū)鐵礦石產(chǎn)量高”及主題“自動化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用”主觀推斷出“采礦自動化后,鐵礦石的產(chǎn)量暴增”,進(jìn)而推斷出“礦區(qū)正帶來前所未有的利潤”;D項將“采礦業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展”誤解為“采礦業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模的擴張/經(jīng)濟效益的增長(expanding)”。
20.[答案精析]B。VI段首句指出,該行業(yè)(指采礦業(yè))的自動化和數(shù)字化創(chuàng)造了對不同工作崗位的需求。②句列舉創(chuàng)造的工作崗位。由此可知,采礦業(yè)的數(shù)字化創(chuàng)造了很多新的工作崗位,B項符合文意。VI段③句指出,自動化和機器人技術(shù)能使采礦更可持續(xù),即可促進(jìn)資源的可持續(xù)開采,A項與此相悖。C項將IV段末句The ongoing push by the mining corporations與VI段末句Employees雜糅,臆斷出“雇主(礦業(yè)公司)和雇員之間存在沖突”。D項由V段②句信息“投入的技術(shù)越多,就需要越多的人使用、維護和改進(jìn)這些技術(shù)”及VI段首句信息“自動化創(chuàng)造了對不同崗位的需求”主觀推斷出“采礦自動化后,采礦工人跟不上技術(shù)的發(fā)展,需要對他們進(jìn)行再培訓(xùn)”。
21.[答案精析]D。VII段首兩句指出,工會已承認(rèn)了引進(jìn)新技術(shù)的必然性,但他們對自動化技術(shù)的崛起仍持保留態(tài)度,故D項正確。A項中“欣然接受”的態(tài)度體現(xiàn)于Ⅲ段中支持者對新技術(shù)的樂觀態(tài)度:五年實現(xiàn)全自動采礦。C項中的“反對態(tài)度”體現(xiàn)于V段信息“全自動采礦的概念有點誤導(dǎo)人”。兩項均非工會的觀點。B項中的“觀望態(tài)度”體現(xiàn)于錄音結(jié)尾處the question隱含的“身處偏遠(yuǎn)社區(qū)的人們?nèi)绾紊?rdquo;這一問題有待解決的意思中,將工會的觀點片面化了。
22.[答案精析]C。首段首句指出,泰國的年度道路死亡率幾乎是全球平均水平的兩倍,C項是對該句中Thailand's annual road-death rate is almost double the global average的同義改寫,故正確。A項由常識及后文對不同經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平國家的分類討論編造而來,文中并未提及。B項將Ⅱ段首句“交通事故導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)比任何傳染病都多”的談?wù)摫尘坝?ldquo;全球”偷換為“泰國”。D項雜糅Ⅱ段②句中的“2017”和IV段中各國交通事故死亡人數(shù)下降的情況,編造出泰國交通事故減少,但由首段所述泰國交通安全問題的嚴(yán)峻形勢和IV段末句“問題在于,泰國能否很快跟上”可知,泰國的交通事故很可能一直居高不下,并未減少。
23.[答案精析]B。B項是對Ⅱ段末句that disguises a lot of changes in individual countries的同義改寫,故正確。A項利用Ⅲ段對貧富國家的對比設(shè)置干擾,但Ⅱ段末句指出該部分內(nèi)容恰是研究所數(shù)據(jù)所未能體現(xiàn)的 (disguises)。C項與Ⅱ段③句大意“自世紀(jì)之交以來,道路死亡總?cè)藬?shù)基本保持穩(wěn)定”相悖。D項由Ⅲ段③句“由于官方數(shù)據(jù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,不可能知道確切數(shù)字”臆斷而來,但文中實際談?wù)摰氖堑褪杖雵业墓俜綌?shù)據(jù)不夠 (因此只能估算其增長情況),而非指美國研究所的數(shù)據(jù)不可靠。
24.[答案精析]C。IV段指出,中國、南非、印度、菲律賓等中等收入國家的死亡人數(shù)均在下降,C項正確。A項將Ⅲ段②句“迅速壯大的汽車和摩托車隊伍”的主體由“貧困國家”竄改為“中等收入國家”。B項將IV段末句“問題在于,泰國能否很快跟上”(即效仿其他國家)顛倒為“許多國家效仿泰國”。D項由V段③句“國家富裕起來后就會鋪筑道路”和VI段②句“更完善的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”臆斷而來,但文中并未提及。
25.[答案精析]A。末段②句指出,解決方案還在于“更有力的社會激勵措施”,③句指出“安全駕駛習(xí)慣”并未得到遵守,隨后④句指出危險駕駛并非固定不變,暗示安全駕駛習(xí)慣是可以培養(yǎng)出來的,A項與之相符。B項將②句的practices(文中指“慣常做法”)曲解為“訓(xùn)練;練習(xí)”,進(jìn)而編造出“應(yīng)為駕駛員提供更好的培訓(xùn)”,但文中并未提及這一信息。C、D項利用末段末句中的traffic laws that are actuallyenforced設(shè)置干擾,前者僅復(fù)現(xiàn)traffic laws,選項其余內(nèi)容并未在文中提及,后者則將該部分強調(diào)之意“切實執(zhí)法”竄改為“從立法層面加大處罰力度”。
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