英語聽力文摘真菌是動(dòng)物還是植物？

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What are fungi, plants or animals?

真菌是動(dòng)物還是植物?

真菌(Fungus)是一種真核生物。最常見的真菌是各類蕈類，另外真菌也包括霉菌和酵母?，F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了七萬多種真菌，估計(jì)只是所有存在的一小半。大多真菌原先被分入動(dòng)物或植物，現(xiàn)在成為自己的界，通常又分為三類，即酵母菌、霉菌和蕈菌(大型真菌)，它們歸屬于不同的亞門。

Mushrooms are merely one of many types of fungi. Not all fungi grow in soil. Mushrooms and other fungi do resemble plants in many ways, so much so that scientists long classified fungi plants, but they know better now.

Eating Habits

Where it truly counts, fungi differ from plants significantly. One major difference lies in how they eat. Plants are characterized by their ability to make their own food, using chlorophyll, sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

Fungi cannot make their own food. They have to consume other living or once living organisms. Fungi aren’t animals either, but for what it’s worth, some scientists consider them more akin to animals than plants. It’s even thought that fungi and animals may share a similar single-celled ancestor.

A major defining difference between the two kingdoms, however, is that while fungi do indeed have to consume other material, they don’t have stomachs like animals. Fungi have special cells that allow them to absorb their food.

譯文

蘑菇只是眾多真菌類型的其中之一。并不是所有的真菌都生長在土壤里面。蘑菇和其他的菌類在許多方面類似于植物，由此科學(xué)家長期以來將真菌歸于植物類，但是現(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們了解到更多的信息。

飲食習(xí)慣

真正重要的是，真菌很大程度上不同于植物。最大的在不同之處就在于他們?nèi)绾纬詵|西。植物的特點(diǎn)在于他們使用葉綠素，陽光，水以及二氧化碳為自己制造食物的能力。

真菌不能為自己制造食物。他們必須食用活著的或者已經(jīng)死去的生物。同樣，真菌也不是動(dòng)物，但是從其價(jià)值方面考慮，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他更接近于動(dòng)物而不是植物。甚至于認(rèn)為真菌和動(dòng)物有相似的單細(xì)胞類祖先。

最主要的區(qū)別在于盡管真菌要食用其他的物質(zhì)，但是它不像動(dòng)物一樣有胃。真菌有特殊的細(xì)胞幫助他們吸收食物。

Notes

1.characterize v

·將某人[某事物]的特點(diǎn)描述成或刻畫成某事物:

The novelist characterizes his heroine as capricious and passionate. 這位小說家把女主人公刻畫成反覆無常而又多情的人.

·表現(xiàn)(某人[某事物])的典型; 以...為特徵:

the rolling downs that characterize this part of England 英格蘭這一地區(qū)特有的開闊的丘陵地