英語聽力文摘動作與大腦

所屬教程:英語聽力文摘

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Word Up, Brain

新發(fā)展起來的大腦皮層在調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)能上起著主要作用;而皮層下各級腦部及脊髓雖也有發(fā)展，但在機(jī)能上已從屬于大腦皮層。高等動物一旦失去大腦皮層，就不能維持其正常的生命活動。人類的大腦皮層更產(chǎn)生了新的飛躍，有了抽象思維的能力，成為意識活動的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。人類大腦皮層的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞約有140億個，面積約2200平方厘米，主要含有錐體形細(xì)胞、梭形細(xì)胞和星形細(xì)胞(顆粒細(xì)胞)及神經(jīng)纖維。按細(xì)胞與纖維排列情況可分為多層，自皮層表面到髓質(zhì)大致分為六層。皮層的神經(jīng)元之間聯(lián)系十分廣泛和復(fù)雜，在皮層的不同部位，各層的厚薄、各種神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的分布和纖維的疏密都有差異。根據(jù)皮層的不同特點(diǎn)和功能，可將皮層分為若干區(qū)。機(jī)體的各種功能在皮層具有定位關(guān)系，如運(yùn)動區(qū)、感覺區(qū)等。

Learn about the motor cortex and its functions on this Moment of Science.

We are going to perform a little experiment.Ready?Go ahead and tap your foot. What just happened? Well, you were able to move your foot thanks to the motor cortex(大腦皮層運(yùn)動區(qū))–a strip of tissue(組織) running from ear to ear across the surface of the brain that is responsible for controlling voluntary movement(隨意性運(yùn)動). The instant you decided to move your foot, the part of your brain’s motor cortex responsible for sending commands to the foot went into action.

Now, if you’re somewhere where you have access to a paper and pen or pencil, write down the word “kick”, and then read it to yourself. Guess what? Your brain just(1) lit up((使)興奮起來) as though you were actually about to make a kicking motion.

According to a recent study, it turns out that merely reading words that describe actions, like “kick,” “jump,” or “run” makes your motor cortex(2) kick up(踢起) its feet, so to speak. When you read action verbs, blood rushes to the corresponding part of your motor cortex and neurons(神經(jīng)元) start firing as though you were actually doing that action.

Ok, so the motor cortex is really cool. But so what?

Well, besides the motor cortex, according to the study, other parts of the brain involved with learning new actions and understanding language also get revved up(躍躍欲試的) when we read action verbs. This means that understanding language seems to involve different areas of the brain (3)pitching in(協(xié)力，做貢獻(xiàn)) to help us learn words together with the actions they describe. With more research, scientists may be able to use this knowledge to help treat language disorders and related problems,and that would be truly cool.

注釋：

(1)light up

1.照亮, 亮起來

The room suddenly lit up.

房間的燈突然亮了。

2.點(diǎn)煙, 開始吸煙

He struck a match and lit up.

他劃著一根火柴, 點(diǎn)火抽煙。

3.(使)變得喜悅, (使)興奮起來

Her face lit up when she heard the news.

當(dāng)她聽到這個消息時, 她的臉上閃出喜悅的光彩。

4.開街燈或車燈