牛津大學(xué)和它的學(xué)院之間有什么關(guān)系？考試和學(xué)位證書頒發(fā)是由誰負(fù)責(zé)

今天的這段對話，在討論牛津大學(xué)，
 
牛津大學(xué)和它的學(xué)院之間有什么關(guān)系？考試和學(xué)位證書頒發(fā)是由誰負(fù)責(zé)
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A:Mary, you look confiused. What’s up?
 
瑪麗，你看起來一臉疑惑。怎么啦？
 
B: Hi, Phil! I couldn’t puzzle out the organization of the Oxford University, though I thought about it the whole night yesterday.
 
你好，菲爾！雖然我昨天苦苦思索了一晚上，但我還是弄不明白牛津大學(xué)的結(jié)構(gòu)。
 
A: Oxford University? Why do you pay attention to it?
 
牛津大學(xué)？你怎么關(guān)注起它來了？
 
B: Well, I read an article about the school life in the University of Oxford. I found it was very interesting, so I want to know more about it.
 
是這樣的，我前幾天看到過一篇有關(guān)牛津?qū)W習(xí)生活的文章。我覺得很有意思，所以就想多了解一些關(guān)于牛津的訊息。
 
A: Oh. One of my good friends studies in the Oxford University, and we always talk about the topic. Wish I could help you!
 
哦。我有個好朋友在牛津大學(xué)讀書，我們曾經(jīng)談?wù)撨^有關(guān)的話題。希望我能夠幫到你！
 
B: Wonderful! Would you please tell me the relationship between the Oxford University and its colleges?
 
太棒了 ！那你能給我講講牛津大學(xué)和它的學(xué)院之間的關(guān)系嗎？
 
A: Ok! The relationship between the University of Oxford and its colleges is not obvious to anyone who has not experienced it. As thus, it’s natural for you to feel confused.
 
好的！對于任何一個設(shè)有在牛津大學(xué)讀過書的人來說，牛津大學(xué)和它的眾學(xué)院之間的關(guān)系都是很不明顯的。所以，你感覺迷惑也是很正常的。
 
B: You don’t need to comfort me, go ahead!
 
你不用安慰我了，快說吧！
 
A: There are 38 independent，self-governing colleges all together at Oxford University. The colleges are the basis of undergraduate life—they live, eat and do their laundry④ at their colleges.
 
牛津大學(xué)總共有38個獨立自治的學(xué)院。學(xué)院是本科生生活的主要場所，他們在自己的學(xué)院里吃、住和洗衣。
 
B: Well, where do they have their classes?
 
那他們在哪里上課？
 
A: Much of their learning take place within the college walls, though lectures and seminars may take place in university departments or lecture rooms in other colleges. By the way, there are more than 70 departments in the University at the present time.
 
雖然他們會在學(xué)校的各個系和.報告廳 里上課或參加研討會，但是很多時候他們都在自己的學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。順便說一下，牛津大學(xué)目前有70多個系。
 
B: It seems that each college has its own library, right?
 
好像每個學(xué)院都有自己的圖書館，對吧？
 
A: Quite right! Undergraduates usually use their college libraries, not the Bodleian, which is the central University library. There are of course exceptions~department libraries and the Radcliffe Camera of the Bodleian Library.
 
完全正確！本科生一般使用的是他們自己學(xué)院的圖書館，而不是牛津大學(xué)的中央圖書館，即牛津大學(xué)圖書館。當(dāng)然也有例外，本科生也會使用系里的圖書館和牛津大學(xué)圖書館的拉德克里夫圖書館。
 
B: What a large number of libraries the University has!
 
牛津大學(xué)的圖書館也太多了吧！
 
A: Yeah. Actually, facilities such as libraries are provided by the central university, the departments, and colleges. The library provided by the central university is called as the Bodleian Library. Each department has its own individual departmental library. Moreover, all colleges maintain a multi-discipline library for the use of their members.
 
是的。事實上，像圖書館這樣的設(shè)施是由中央大學(xué)、院系以及學(xué)院一起提供的。由中央大學(xué)提供的圖書館叫作牛津大學(xué)圖書館。每個系都有自己獨立的系圖書館。而且，所有的學(xué)院都有一個多學(xué)科的圖書館以供其學(xué)員使用。
 
B: That sounds good! There are so rich resources, no wonder it produced that many excellent people all around the world.
 
聽起來很不錯！牛津的資源這么豐富，難怪會培養(yǎng)出那么多的世界精英。
 
A: Exactly. Do you still have questions?
 
—點兒也設(shè)錯。你現(xiàn)在還有疑問嗎？
 
B: Yes, the last question-~who is responsible for examninations and the degreegranting?
 
是的，最后一個問題——考試和學(xué)位證書頒發(fā)是由誰負(fù)責(zé)呢？
 
A: Academic supervision is college-based and there are periodic college exams. However, the university is the degree-granting body and sets the exams required to obtain a degree.
 
學(xué)術(shù)監(jiān)管是基于學(xué)院的，因此有定期的學(xué)院考試。但是，學(xué)校是學(xué)位頒發(fā)的主體，它組織學(xué)位考試。
 
B: I’ve got it! That is to say. nobody graduates from a college.
 
我明白了！就是說沒有人是從學(xué)院畢業(yè)的。
 
A: That’s right!
 
對了！
 
B: Thank you for your time! It’s very kind of you!
 
謝謝你！你真是太好了！
 
A: Don’t mention it!
 
別客氣！