金雀花王朝是個怎樣動蕩的時代？牛津大學是怎樣發(fā)展起來的
今天的這段對話，在討論英國，
金雀花王朝是個怎樣動蕩的時代？牛津大學是怎樣發(fā)展起來的
來聽今天的講解:
A: Mind if I join you?
我能加人嗎？
B: Not at all. Hi, I’m Yang Li.
當然可以。嗨，我是楊麗。
A: Denise. Nice to meet you!
丹尼斯。很高興認識你。
B: Nice to meet you too! How long have you been in Beijing?
我也很高興認識你。你來北京多久了？
A: No more than half a year. I have just studied in Beijing for a semester.
不超過半年。我只在北京學習了一個學期。
B: Oh，do you get used to living here?
哦，你在這里生活還習慣嗎？
A: I’m still easing into it. China’s like a different world, you know. Everything is so different from Britain.
我還在慢慢適應。你知道，中國就像個完全不同的世界。每樣東西都跟英國不一樣。
B: Whoa. You’re from Britain!
哇。你來自英國呀！
A: Yeah! What’s wrong?
是??！怎么了？
B: Great! I’m extremely interested in British history and culture. I’m now reading a book about British history, which refers to the Plantagenet House. I，m totally confused! Could you please explain it to me?
好極了！我對英國的歷史和文化很感興趣。我現(xiàn)在正在讀一本有關英國歷史的書，里面提到了金雀花王朝，我完全糊涂了！你可以給我講講嗎？
A:Ok. The Plantagenet House is a royal family of France and ruled the kingdom of England between 1154 and 1458. Though there are a great many monarchs at that time, you only need to know those influential monarchs, for example Henry II， Richard I，John, Henry III，Edward I，Edward III，Richard II，and so on.
沒問題。金雀花王朝是法國王室家族，它在1154-1458年間統(tǒng)治著英格蘭王國。雖然那時候的君主很多，不過你只需要知道一些影響力較大的就可以了，比如：亨利二世、查理一世、約翰、亨利三世、愛德華一世、愛德華三世和査理二世等。
B: It’s really a time of upheaval!
真是動蕩的時代??！
A: Quite right. As thus, a distinctive English culture and art emerged during the sector Plantagenet era. Meanwhile, there were also lasting developments in the social sector, for instance, Magna Carta signed by John of England promoted the development of common law and constitutional law. Political institutions such as the Parliament of England and the Model Parliament originate from that period of time. Furthermore, world known universities like Oxford and Cambridge were founded at that time.
你說得很對。因此，別具一格的英國文化和藝術在金雀花時代誕生了。同時，英國社會也得到了發(fā)展，那些發(fā)展影響深遠，比如，約翰簽署的《大憲章》推動了普通法和憲法的發(fā)展。英國議會與國會的政治體制也源于那個時代。而且，就連牛津和劍橋這樣聞名世界的大學也是在那個時代建立起來的。
B: Really? It is quite inconceivable that universities were established and developed during the era with eventful political climate.
真的嗎？在那種政局多變的年代，大學能夠建立并發(fā)展是一件多么不可思議的事情啊。
A: Actually, the Oxford University was founded accidentally. Originally, only teaching existed at Oxford. In 1167，Henry II conflicted with his family in France because of territory，which caused the scholars studying in the University of Paris back to England. Henry II encouraged these scholars to come to Oxford and continue their studies there. It was not until 1214 that Oxford was recognized as a university by the Church and the first Chancellor.
其實，牛津大學的建立純屬偶然。最初，只是有人在牛津教書。1167年，亨利二世因為領土問題和他的法國家族發(fā)生沖突，那些在巴黎大學的英國學者 們被迫回國。亨利二世鼓勵這些人到牛津城繼續(xù)他們的學業(yè)。直到1214年，牛津大學才得到教會和第一大臣的認可。
B: Ah, it seems that the patronage of Henry II played an extremely important role in the development of the Oxford University.
啊，看來亨利二世的支持對牛津大學的發(fā)展起著極其重要的作用啊。
A: Absolutely! However, the locals and scholars couldn’t get along with each other. There were friction and conflict between them frequently, leaving a couple of people dead.
絕對是這樣！但是，當?shù)厝烁@些學者們卻不能和睦相處。他們之間經常有摩擦和沖突，也因此死了好多人。
B: Why couldn’t they live together harmoniously?
他們?yōu)槭裁床荒芎湍老嗵幠兀?br />
A: Maybe for different habits. At first, many students lodged with the townspeople, which produced some unavoidable contraventions. Later, as the establishment of halls of residence and colleges, the problem was solved.
習慣不同吧。一開始,很多學生在市民家里寄宿，這就不可避免地產生了矛盾。后來，牛津大學建起了學生宿舍和學院，問題也就迎刃而解了。
B: Well, hadn’t the turbulent political situation threatened the University? Take the Hundred Years’ War for an example, which was motivated by Edward III.
那么，那動蕩的政局設有對牛津大學造成威脅嗎？比如，愛德華三世發(fā)動的百年戰(zhàn)爭。
A: How to say... There must be influence, but not fatal. Did you hear of All Soul College of Oxford?
怎么說呢……影響肯定是有的，但不是致命的。你聽說過牛津大學的眾靈學院嗎？
B: Yes, I did. What’s up?
嗯，我聽過。怎么了？
A: One of its tasks is to pray usually for soldiers killed in the Hundred Years，War.
它的職責之一就是經常為百年戰(zhàn)爭中陣亡的戰(zhàn)士做彌撒，并為他們祈禱。
B: I see. Thanks very much for your explanation.
我明白了。非常感謝你為我荅疑解惑。
A: My pleasure!
不客氣！
金雀花王朝是個怎樣動蕩的時代？牛津大學是怎樣發(fā)展起來的
來聽今天的講解:
A: Mind if I join you?
我能加人嗎？
B: Not at all. Hi, I’m Yang Li.
當然可以。嗨，我是楊麗。
A: Denise. Nice to meet you!
丹尼斯。很高興認識你。
B: Nice to meet you too! How long have you been in Beijing?
我也很高興認識你。你來北京多久了？
A: No more than half a year. I have just studied in Beijing for a semester.
不超過半年。我只在北京學習了一個學期。
B: Oh，do you get used to living here?
哦，你在這里生活還習慣嗎？
A: I’m still easing into it. China’s like a different world, you know. Everything is so different from Britain.
我還在慢慢適應。你知道，中國就像個完全不同的世界。每樣東西都跟英國不一樣。
B: Whoa. You’re from Britain!
哇。你來自英國呀！
A: Yeah! What’s wrong?
是??！怎么了？
B: Great! I’m extremely interested in British history and culture. I’m now reading a book about British history, which refers to the Plantagenet House. I，m totally confused! Could you please explain it to me?
好極了！我對英國的歷史和文化很感興趣。我現(xiàn)在正在讀一本有關英國歷史的書，里面提到了金雀花王朝，我完全糊涂了！你可以給我講講嗎？
A:Ok. The Plantagenet House is a royal family of France and ruled the kingdom of England between 1154 and 1458. Though there are a great many monarchs at that time, you only need to know those influential monarchs, for example Henry II， Richard I，John, Henry III，Edward I，Edward III，Richard II，and so on.
沒問題。金雀花王朝是法國王室家族，它在1154-1458年間統(tǒng)治著英格蘭王國。雖然那時候的君主很多，不過你只需要知道一些影響力較大的就可以了，比如：亨利二世、查理一世、約翰、亨利三世、愛德華一世、愛德華三世和査理二世等。
B: It’s really a time of upheaval!
真是動蕩的時代??！
A: Quite right. As thus, a distinctive English culture and art emerged during the sector Plantagenet era. Meanwhile, there were also lasting developments in the social sector, for instance, Magna Carta signed by John of England promoted the development of common law and constitutional law. Political institutions such as the Parliament of England and the Model Parliament originate from that period of time. Furthermore, world known universities like Oxford and Cambridge were founded at that time.
你說得很對。因此，別具一格的英國文化和藝術在金雀花時代誕生了。同時，英國社會也得到了發(fā)展，那些發(fā)展影響深遠，比如，約翰簽署的《大憲章》推動了普通法和憲法的發(fā)展。英國議會與國會的政治體制也源于那個時代。而且，就連牛津和劍橋這樣聞名世界的大學也是在那個時代建立起來的。
B: Really? It is quite inconceivable that universities were established and developed during the era with eventful political climate.
真的嗎？在那種政局多變的年代，大學能夠建立并發(fā)展是一件多么不可思議的事情啊。
A: Actually, the Oxford University was founded accidentally. Originally, only teaching existed at Oxford. In 1167，Henry II conflicted with his family in France because of territory，which caused the scholars studying in the University of Paris back to England. Henry II encouraged these scholars to come to Oxford and continue their studies there. It was not until 1214 that Oxford was recognized as a university by the Church and the first Chancellor.
其實，牛津大學的建立純屬偶然。最初，只是有人在牛津教書。1167年，亨利二世因為領土問題和他的法國家族發(fā)生沖突，那些在巴黎大學的英國學者 們被迫回國。亨利二世鼓勵這些人到牛津城繼續(xù)他們的學業(yè)。直到1214年，牛津大學才得到教會和第一大臣的認可。
B: Ah, it seems that the patronage of Henry II played an extremely important role in the development of the Oxford University.
啊，看來亨利二世的支持對牛津大學的發(fā)展起著極其重要的作用啊。
A: Absolutely! However, the locals and scholars couldn’t get along with each other. There were friction and conflict between them frequently, leaving a couple of people dead.
絕對是這樣！但是，當?shù)厝烁@些學者們卻不能和睦相處。他們之間經常有摩擦和沖突，也因此死了好多人。
B: Why couldn’t they live together harmoniously?
他們?yōu)槭裁床荒芎湍老嗵幠兀?br />
A: Maybe for different habits. At first, many students lodged with the townspeople, which produced some unavoidable contraventions. Later, as the establishment of halls of residence and colleges, the problem was solved.
習慣不同吧。一開始,很多學生在市民家里寄宿，這就不可避免地產生了矛盾。后來，牛津大學建起了學生宿舍和學院，問題也就迎刃而解了。
B: Well, hadn’t the turbulent political situation threatened the University? Take the Hundred Years’ War for an example, which was motivated by Edward III.
那么，那動蕩的政局設有對牛津大學造成威脅嗎？比如，愛德華三世發(fā)動的百年戰(zhàn)爭。
A: How to say... There must be influence, but not fatal. Did you hear of All Soul College of Oxford?
怎么說呢……影響肯定是有的，但不是致命的。你聽說過牛津大學的眾靈學院嗎？
B: Yes, I did. What’s up?
嗯，我聽過。怎么了？
A: One of its tasks is to pray usually for soldiers killed in the Hundred Years，War.
它的職責之一就是經常為百年戰(zhàn)爭中陣亡的戰(zhàn)士做彌撒，并為他們祈禱。
B: I see. Thanks very much for your explanation.
我明白了。非常感謝你為我荅疑解惑。
A: My pleasure!
不客氣！
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