達(dá)爾文提出進(jìn)化論學(xué)說后經(jīng)歷了什么？他怎么成為一個博物學(xué)者和無神論者的

今天的這段對話，在討論達(dá)爾文，
 
達(dá)爾文提出進(jìn)化論學(xué)說后經(jīng)歷了什么？他怎么成為一個博物學(xué)者和無神論者的
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A: Do you believe that human beings are created by God?
 
你相信人類是由上帝創(chuàng)造的嗎？
 
B: I'm an antitheist, so I can’t say yes to that. It is now generally believed that men have evolved from the ape-men.
 
我是個無神論者，所以不贊同這個說法。今天大家普遍相信人是由猿人進(jìn)化而來的。
 
A: I'm not a Christian either. I tend to agree with what Darwin wrote in his book Origin of Species.
 
我也不是一個基督徒，所以我比較認(rèn)同達(dá)爾文在《物種起源》中的說法。
 
B: Darwin was really a genius. His natural selection theory was a very radical thought at that time.
 
達(dá)爾文真是一個天才。他的自然選擇學(xué)說在當(dāng)時是一個很激進(jìn)的學(xué)說。
 
A: At the 19th century, almost everyone believed in religion and Darwin’s theory was a real thunderbolt to them. And there were people who try to deny Darwin’s theory,
 
在19世紀(jì)，幾乎每一個人都有宗教信仰，達(dá)爾文的理論對他們來說真是一個晴天霹靂。所以有人試圖否定達(dá)爾文的學(xué)說。
 
B: It had been supposed that Darwin renounced evolution on his deathbed. Shortly after his death, temperance campaigner and evangelist Lady Elizabeth Hope claimed she visited Darwin on his deathbed, and witnessed the renunciation. Her story was printed in a Boston newspaper and subsequently spread.
 
據(jù)說達(dá)爾文在臨終前宣布放棄進(jìn)化論學(xué)說。他死后不久，禁欲活動者和福音傳道者伊麗莎白霍普女士宣稱她在達(dá)爾文臨終前拜訪了他，并親眼目睹了上述那一幕。她的故事被刊登在波士頓的一家報紙上，隨后傳播開來。
 
A: But Lady Hope’s story was refuted by Darwin’s daughter Henrietta. Henrietta stated, “I was present at his deathbed. He never recanted any of his scientific views, either then or earlier?”
 
但是達(dá)爾文的女兒亨利埃塔反駁了霍普女士的說法。亨利埃塔聲明：“父親臨終前我在場，他從來沒有放棄過他的科學(xué)見解，以前沒有，臨死前也沒有”。
 
B: Darwin truly believed in his theory. Though he avoided arguing the evolution, natural selection and the origins of species with people, he never gave up his thought.
 
達(dá)爾文對自己的理論深信不疑。雖然他避免和別人爭論進(jìn)化論、自然選擇和物種起源等學(xué)說，但他從來沒有放棄過自己的觀點。
 
A: By the way, Darwin entered the Christ’s College, Cambridge when he was a youth. How would he become a naturalist and antitheist?
 
對了，達(dá)爾文年輕時曾在劍橋大學(xué)基督學(xué)院念書。他怎么會成為一個博物學(xué)者和無神論者呢？
 
B: It was his father’s idea to go to Cambridge. He was not interested in medicine and he neglected to study when he was in the University of Edinburgh Medical School. This annoyed his father, who shrewdly sent him to Christ’s College, Cambridge, for a Bachelor of Arts degree as the first step towards becoming an Anglican parson.
 
去劍橋是他父親的主意。當(dāng)達(dá)爾文在愛丁堡大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院念書時他對醫(yī)學(xué)并不感興趣，荒廢了學(xué)業(yè)，這使他父親感到苦惱。但他父親靈機(jī)一動，把達(dá)爾文送到了劍橋大學(xué)基督學(xué)院，想讓他獲得一個文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，成為英國國教教區(qū)牧師。
 
A: Darwin wasn’t interested in religion either. But his studies at the University of Cambridge encouraged his passion for natural science.
 
達(dá)爾文對宗敎也不感興趣。但是，在劍橋大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)激發(fā)了他對自然科學(xué)的熱情。
 
B: That’s true. And he met two influential scholars who helped him a lot in his research on species in Cambridge.
 
的確是這樣。而且他在劍橋遇到了兩位頗具影響力的學(xué)者，他們對達(dá)爾文的物種研究幫助很大。
 
A: But Darwin’s research was not a plain sailing. When he was going to join Beagle to conduct a scientific expedition around the world, his father objected to this two-year planned voyage. His father regarded it as a waste of time，but was at last persuaded by his brother-in-law, Josiah Wedgwood, to agree to his son’s participation.
 
但是達(dá)爾文的研究并不是一帆風(fēng)順的。當(dāng)他準(zhǔn)備加人貝格爾號進(jìn)行環(huán)游世界的科學(xué)探險時，他的父親反對這個預(yù)期兩年的航行。他的父親認(rèn)為這是浪費時間，但最后他父親還是被達(dá)爾文的舅舅喬舒亞威基伍德說服了，最后同意他參加科學(xué)探險。
 
B: This scientific expedition laid the first stone for Darwin’s future study. Without the specimens he collected during the expedition, he couldn’t have come up with the theory of natural selection and evolution.
 
這次科學(xué)探險為達(dá)爾文后來的研究打下了基礎(chǔ)。設(shè)有這次科學(xué)探險收集的標(biāo)本，他就不會提出自然選擇和進(jìn)化論學(xué)說。
 
A: Darwin’s work had a tremendous impact on religious thought. Many people strongly opposed the idea of evolution because it conflicted with their religious convictions.
 
達(dá)爾文的學(xué)說極大地影響了人們的宗敎觀念。許多人強(qiáng)烈反對進(jìn)化論，因為這和他們的宗教信仰相沖突。
 
B: Darwin avoided talking about the theological and sociological aspects of his work, but other writers used his theories to support their own ideas.
 
達(dá)爾文避免談?wù)撍ぷ髦杏嘘P(guān)神學(xué)和社會學(xué)的方面。但是其他學(xué)者會運用達(dá)爾文的學(xué)說來支撐自己的觀點。